• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.197-212
• /
• 2020

In this study, POE(Post Occupancy Evaluation) evaluation indexes were selected into six categories through the consideration of theories and prior research. Therefore, qualitative supply can be achieved through POE according to the aspect of residential environment after the quantitative supply of mixed-use apartment complex by the population concentration in Seoul due to industrialization and urbanization. As the evaluation elements, detailed survey contents were selected for livability, convenience, comfort, safety, economy, and sociality. Based on the survey contents, six elements were evaluated and analyzed using Data coding and Likert scale after surveying 12 complexes (Urban areas and non-urban areas) in Seoul. As a result of the study, six categories selected as the POE showed that importance of quality of life and safety was developed in high recognition according to high satisfaction with convenience and safety. Sociality showed the lowest satisfaction in the following order : livability, comfort, economy and sociality. Residents' sense of community, interaction with neighborhood, etc., showed low satisfaction, and it seems that it is necessary to improve and supplement the system for the development of mixed-use apartment complex in the future. The detailed characteristics of livability showed high satisfaction of the living room, the front door and the main room which are main uses of housing, and low satisfaction in storage size. The analysis of convenience is that convenient public transportation was the highest, and educational environment and additional facilities were the lowest, showing the advantages and disadvantages of location characteristics. As a result of the analysis of comfort, satisfaction with the landscape area was low and it seems that green space is needed for the development of mixed-use apartment complex in the future. Lastly, regarding the safety, the satisfaction of the access control, the location of security office, etc. were high, however separation of circulation was low. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly separate the circulation between the residence and other facilities in the mixed-use apartment complex.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.116-122
• /
• 1992

A comprehensive, nonsteady state, computer simulation program for the environmental conditions in advancing tunnels (the HEADSIM simulation program) is constructed and successfully validated with heat balance amongst all heat sources, and with mass conservation amongst various airflows including the leakage air from ducts, under timedependent variations of inlet air conditions. which include sudden, diurnal and seasonal changes. Heat conduction in the wall strata and face strata is simulated with most complicated boundary conditions using the finite difference method, and the climatic conditions in roadway sections which contain air ducts, booster fan, spray cooler, compressed air pipes, cold water pipes, return water pipes, machinery and broken rock are simulated taking into account the variations of face operation and the heat storage mechanism in the strata. The limitations of simulation time steps and roadway section lengths are defined according to the stability criteria satisfying the principles of thermodynamics. Variations of heat transfer coefficients, which are newly set, and those of wetness factors are taken into account according to the variations of other parameters and the stepwise advance of the face. Newly-derived formulae are used for computing the air duct leakage and the pressure inside of the duct. A new concept of an 'imaginary duct' is introduced to simulate the climatic conditions in tunnels during holiday periods, which directly affect conditions on subsequent working days under the consideration of natural convection. A subsidiary program (the WALLSIM simulation program) is made to compute the dimensionless tunnel surface temperatures and to compare the results with those from analytical approaches, and to demonstrate the stability, convergence and accuracy of the strata heat conduction simulation, adopting the finite difference method. The WALLSIM also has wide applications, including those for the computation of age coefficients.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.153-166
• /
• 2005

기존 단일 캐시 구조는 각기 사용되는 교체 전략에 따라 적중률의 차이를 보임으로써 보다 향상된 적중률을 제공하며 서버 및 네트워크 트래픽을 감소시키는 새로운 캐시 구조가 필요하다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 지속적인 정보 제공 및 동일한 정보의 중복 요청으로 인한 서버 과부하 및 네트워크 트래픽을 감소시키며 적중률을 향상시키는 이중 캐시를 이용한 푸시 에이전트 모델을 설계한다. 제안된 푸시 에이전트 모델에서는 서버 및 네트워크 부하를 감소시키기 위해 두 개의 캐시 저장소를 이용하여 단계적인 캐시 교체를 수행하는 이중 캐시 구조를 제안하며, 또한 캐시 내 데이터들의 효용성을 증가시키기 위해 Log(Size)+LRU, LFU, PLC의 교체 정책을 기반으로 데이터 갱신과 삭제를 수행하는 새로운 캐시 교체기법 및 알고리즘을 제시한다. 그리고 실험을 통해 이중 캐시 푸시 에이전트 모델에 대한 성능을 평가한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2018

An FLNG (floating liquefied natural gas) or LNG FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) unit is a notable offshore unit with the increasing demand for LNG. The liquefaction process on an FLNG unit is the most important process because it determines the economic feasibility, but would be a hazard source because of the large quantity of hydrocarbons. While a high efficiency process such as C3MR has been preferred for onshore liquefaction processes, a relatively simple process such as the SMR (single mixed refrigerant) or DMR (dual mixed refrigerant) liquefaction process has been selected for offshore units because they require a more compact size, lighter weight, and higher safety due to their space limitation for facilities and long distance from shore. It is known that an SMR has the advantages of a simple configuration, small footprint, and lower risk. However, with an increased production rate, the inherent safety of SMR needs to be evaluated because of its small train capacity. In this study, the potential explosion risks of the SMR and DMR liquefaction processes were evaluated at the conceptual design stage. The results showed that an SMR has a lower overpressure than a DMR at the same frequency, only with a small production capacity of 0.9 MTPA. With increased capacity, the overpressure of the SMR was higher than that of the DMR. The increased number of trains increased the frequency in spite of the small amount of equipment per train. This showed that the inherent risk of an SMR is not always lower than that of a DMR, and an additional risk management strategy is recommended when an SMR is selected as the concept for an FLNG liquefaction process compared to the DMR liquefaction process.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2015

융복합 교육시대에 접어들면서 현재의 교육문화는 스마트교육을 통한 교육 패러다임의 변화를 추진하고 있다. 스마트기기의 등장은 시간과 공간의 제약 없이 학습이 가능하므로 교육적으로 활용하면 학습자의 역량을 강화시킴과 동시에 창의적인 인재양성을 도모할 수가 있다. 현재 대학교육에서 스마트기기를 교육적으로 활용하는 방안이나 체계적인 지침이 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대학생들을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 스마트기기의 일반적인 이용실태를 분석하고 스마트기기를 교육적으로 정보로 활용하는 방안에 대해 제안하였다. 정보 활용과 관련하여 정보검색, 소통, 협력, 공유, 보고서작성, 자료보관, 온라인 평가, 프로젝터 관리 활동으로 명명하여 실험집단 학생들 대상으로 교육을 실시한 후 테스트를 실시하였다. 테스트와 설문지 분석을 통해 실험집단 학생들이 통제집단 학생들보다 스마트기기를 정보로 활용하는 능력과 자기효능감이 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 스마트기기의 교육적 활용방안이 학생들의 학업성취도 향상과 더불어 다양한 문제해결 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 역량을 강화시킬 수 있음을 보여주었다는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.56-71
• /
• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2005

Anaerobic decomposition is one of the most common processes in nature and has been extensively used in waste and wastewater treatment for several centuries. New applications and system modifications continue to be adapted making the process either more effective, less expensive, or suited to the particular waste in question and the operation to which it is to be applied. Animal manure is a highly biodegradable organic material and will naturally undergo anaerobic fermentation, resulting in release of noxious odors, such as in manure storage pits. Depending on the presence or absence of oxygen in the manure, biological treatment process may be either aerobic or anaerobic. Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria carry on fermentative metabolisms to break down the complex organic substances into simpler organic acids and then convert them to ultimately formed methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic biological systems for animal manure treatment include anaerobic lagoons and anaerobic digesters. Methane and carbon dioxide are the principal end products of controlled anaerobic digestion. These two gases are collectively called biogas. The biogas contains $60\~70\%$ methane and can be used directly as a fuel for heating or electrical power generation. Trace amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide ($100\~300\;ppm$) are always present in the biogas stream. Anaerobic lagoons have found widespread application in the treatment of animal manure because of their low initial costs, ease of operation and convenience of loading by gravity flow from the animal buildings. The main disadvantage is the release of odors from the open surfaces of the lagoons, especially during the spring warm-up or if the lagoons are overloaded. However, if the lagoons are covered and gases are collected, the odor problems can be solved and the methane collected can be used as a fuel. Anaerobic digesters are air-tight, enclosed vessels and are used to digest manure in a well-controlled environment, thus resulting in higher digestion rates and smaller space requirements than anaerobic lagoons. Anaerobic digesters are usually heated and mixed to maximize treatment efficiency and biogas production. The objective of this work was to review a current anaerobic biological treatment of animal manure for effective new technologies in the future.

• 복식
• /
• 제61권5호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2011

As a follow-up of a study on design strategies to improve Korea's Korean coast guarduniforms, this study set out to propose Korean coast guard uniforms of a new concept that would meet the changing needs of the times and match the advanced technology and work environments. Three concepts of classical, nautical and techno chic were identified from the design strategies of the previous study. Using the results from a prototype show and preference survey, the investigator divided items into design, color, material, and detail and reflects demands for each of them. As a result, design was examined in four aspects of identity, acknowledgement, unity, and practicality and focused its improvement factors on design differentiated from other organizations' uniforms including ground police, segmentation of size system, adjustment of the length of upper garment to consider activity, and changes to the lines and silhouette to give out a modern image. As for color, the focus was placed on differentiated colors from other organizations' uniforms including ground police through dark blue and ocean color, change toward colors that reflect environmental characteristics, and unity in colors between the summer and winter uniform. As for material, the focus of improvement was put on elasticity, resistance against contamination, warmth retention, texture, wearing sensation, and functionality by taking into account convenience for field workers on coast guard vessels and branch offices who have much time in contact with ocean environments in order to make the materials high-grade. As for detail, structural details were added to give out a modern image such as changing the detail lines, efficiency of storage space, buttons, sleeve hems, ironing lines, and neck collars by taking into account environmental characteristics. The significance of the study lies in that it proposed a development model for large-scale uniform copy design by establishing copy design that secures functionality and is proper for an organization's social and cultural environment.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
• /
• 제9B권3호
• /
• pp.303-310
• /
• 2002

연속미디어 데이터를 인터넷을 통해 서비스하기 위해서는 서버의 과부하, 네트워크의 혼잡, 사용자에 대한 응답시간 지연 등의 문제를 해결하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 연속미디어 프록시 캐쉬에서 데이터를 관리하는 PPC(Popularity-based Prefix Caching) 기법을 제안한다. 사용자 접근 패턴을 반영하는 PPC 기법은 객체들의 앞부분 데이터를 그 객체의 인기에 비례하여 캐슁함으로써 사용자에 대한 초기지연시간을 감소시키고, 캐쉬 공간을 효율적으로 활용하고자 한다. 연속미디어에 대한 사용자 접근의 특성이 이산미디어와는 상이하다는 점을 고려하여, 연속미디어의 인기도를 더욱 정확하게 나타내기 위해서 각 연속미디어에 대한 사용자의 재생 데이터 양과 접근의 최근성을 반영하는 인기도를 제안한다. 그리고 제안하는 기법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 인터넷 방송국 VOD 서버의 로그 데이터를 이용한 트레이스 기반 모의 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, PPC 기법은 BHR, 초기 지연 시간, 재배치의 측면에서 기존의 LRU, LFU 캐슁 기법들에 비하여 성능이 향상되었고, 특히, 초기 지연시간과 재배치 오버 헤드의 감소 측면에서 매우 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제7권8호
• /
• pp.1145-1161
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 인터넷에 분산되어 있는 언어자원들의 미디어 데이터를 통합하여 멀티미디어 전자사전 시스템을 구축하는 기법을 연구하는 것으로, 텍스트 데이터를 기반으로 한 기존 전자사전 시스템을 멀티미디어 환경으로 발전시킨다. 이를 위하여 인터넷에 분산되어 있는 언어자원들의 미디어 데이터를 웹 브라우저 환경에서 통합하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 미디어 통합데이터에 의해 웹 브라우저가 모든 작업을 수행하므로 복잡한 서버 시스템을 필요로 하지 않는다. 구현하는 전자사전은 웹 브라우저 환경에서 작동하며, 텍스트와 이미지 및 음성을 통합하여 합성하거나 움직임을 재생한다. 통합과 움직임의 데이터를 기술하기 위하여 각 미디어의 의미를 분석하여 SMIL 문서를 생성하고 웹 브라우저에서 실행하도록 하였다. 제안하는 멀티미디어 전자사전 시스템은 단순한 미디어 데이터들을 통합하는 방식으로 작동하므로 전용 서버 시스템을 필요로 하지 않는다. 또한, 각 미디어 데이터는 분산되어 있는 데이터를 공유하는 형태이므로 저장 공간을 절약하게 되며, 최근의 데이터로 갱신하는 것이 간단하게 이루어진다.