• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2008

The low flow analysis is an important part in water resources engineering. Also, the results of low flow frequency analysis can be used for design of reservoir storage, water supply planning and design, waste-load allocation, and maintenance of quantity and quality of water for irrigation and wild life conservation. Especially, for identification of the uncertainty in frequency analysis, the Bayesian approach is applied and compared with conventional methodologies in at-site low flow frequency analysis. In the first manuscript, the theoretical background for the Bayesian MCMC (Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo) method and Metropolis-Hasting algorithm are studied. Two types of the prior distribution, a non-data- based and a data-based prior distributions are developed and compared to perform the Bayesian MCMC method. It can be suggested that the results of a data-based prior distribution is more effective than those of a non-data-based prior distribution. The acceptance rate of the algorithm is computed to assess the effectiveness of the developed algorithm. In the second manuscript, the Bayesian MCMC method using a data-based prior distribution and MLE(Maximum Likelihood Estimation) using a quadratic approximation are performed for the at-site low flow frequency analysis.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2011

This study presents effects of downstream control point by coupled operation of dams and multi function weirs in the Geum River. Geum river basin that study area did authoritativeness high quality data to acquisition possibility. We applied the flow duration curve, flow regime coefficient, impounded flow index analysis to investigate the quantitative changes in natural flow regimes. In sphere that water supply is possible, this study applied believability that satisfy 95% at estimation year. Impounded flow index was calculated 0.292 by dam coupled operation and 0.297 by dam-weir coupled operation. The results indicate that the storage amount is increased by 29.7% as being added. Duration flow of downstream control point was improved because became coupled operation by regulation of dam and weir in the geum river.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Health care services in a residential area would accelerate the aging in place. In addition, these changes would play a key role in terms of reducing healthcare costs and leading a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study draws the design methodology of community facilities and each dwelling with healthcare services in apartment complex, which the elderly people will enjoy a better health status. This paper presents the result focused on the welfare building in Gayang 7th apartment complex. The intention to receive healthcare services was investigated by occupants. Moreover, design requirements were drawn through in-depth interviews and the state observation to use the service. In the complex, stronger intention to serve the u-Healthcare services was shown to the pre elderly group than the elderly. Both of them had a problem to use and keep the health equipment due to the fact there is not enough space in the unit. Reporting the observation results, the upright-posture furniture attaching the healthcare equipment and the equipment storage should be prepared in the unit. In the public space, the program for these healthcare services can be divided into three parts, i.e. the health status measurement, the healthcare, and the service connected to the surrounding facilities. The health status measurement can be the basic to the health services and its function should be gradually extended. In the complex, the hybrid type with various functions could be applied owing to a new building for welfare; moreover, semi-independent user should be able to receive the home healthcare service.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.65-72
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• 2003

현행 가스법상 지상식 LNG 저장탱크에 있어서 일정 용량의 저장탱크 주위에는 액상의 가스가 누출된 경우에 그 유출을 방지할 수 있는 방류둑(Dike) 또는 이와 동등 이상의 효과가 있는 시설을 설치하도록 규정하고 있어, 실제로 모든 지상식 LNG 저장탱크에 대해서 별도의 방류둑 설치를 의무화하고 있다. 또한, 예외규정으로 국제기준(international codes and standards)에 의해 설계되는 저장탱크는 심의를 통해 방류둑 기능을 인정할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 외국의 경우 LNG 저장탱크는 일반적으로 자국내 법령보다는 국제기준에 의해 건설됨으로써 1차 탱크로부터 일정거리의 둘레에 방류둑이 필요한 단일방호식 저장탱크 이외에 이중방호식, 완전방호식(full-containment) 및 멤브레인식(membrane) 저장탱크의 경우 외부(콘크리트, 강재)탱크가 방류둑 기능을 가지고 있어 별도의 방류둑이 필요없는 구조로 규정하고 있다. 멤브레인 LNG 저장탱크의 경우 프랑스, 일본 및 한국이 설계기술을 보유하고 있고, 최근 프랑스 및 한국에서 별도의 방류둑 없는 지상식 멤브레인 저장탱크 건설이 추진되고 있으나 양국 모두 자국법의 방류둑 규정에 의해 건설의 장애요소로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 지상식 멤브레인 LNG 저장탱크의 방류둑 기능에 대한 각 국의 법령 및 기준을 조사하고, 방류둑 일체형 저장탱크(완전방호식 및 멤브레인 저장탱크)의 형식별 안전성 평가 자료를 비교 검토함으로써 방류둑 일체형 멤브레인 저장탱크의 국내 도입의 타당성을 검토하고자 하였다. 조사결과 유럽, 미국 및 일본에서는 이중벽 LNG 저장탱크의 경우 콘크리트 외부탱크가 방류둑 기능을 가지는 것으로 규정하고 있으며, 특히 EN 1473과 제정중인 prEN 265002에서는 멤브레인 저장탱크의 경우 내부 멤브레인 탱크 누출시 단열시스템과 함께 외부 콘크리트 탱크가 액밀성 및 기밀성을 동시에 가지는 것으로 별도의 방류둑이 불필요함을 규정하고 있다. 프랑스 및 일본의 방류둑 일체형 LNG 저장탱크에 대한 위험성 평가 결과를 검토한 결과 멤브레인 저장탱크와 완정방호식 저장탱크는 안전성 차원에서 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 국내에서 개발한 지상식 멤브레인 LNG 저장탱크 설계모델에 대한 안전성 제고 및 안전성 평가 등을 통해 객관적인 안전성 근거가 확보된다면 동 탱크의 경우에도 완전방호식 LNG 저장탱크와 같이 외부콘크리트 저장탱크의 방류둑 기능인정이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability of forest ecosystem to climate change in South Korea using socio-environmental indicators and the results of two vegetation models named as Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Group(HyTAG), and MAPSS-Century 1(MC1). The changing frequency and direction of biome types estimated by HyTAG model was used for quantifying sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forest distribution. Similarly, the variation and changing tendency of net primary production and soil carbon storage estimated by MC1 model was used for quantifying sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forest function. As socio-environmental indicators, many statistical data such as financial autonomy rate and the number of forestry officer was prepared. All indicators were standardized, and then calculated using the vulnerability assessment equation. The period of vulnerability assessment was divided into the past(1971-2000) and the future(2021-2050). To understand what policy has a priority to climate change, distribution maps of each indicators was depicted and the vulnerability results were compared among administrative districts. Evident differences could be found in entire study area. These differences were mostly derived from regionalspecific adaptive capacity. The result and methodology of this study would be helpful for the development of decision-making supporting system and policy making in forest management with respect to climate change.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 1992

In $Ca^{++}$ containing media, arachidonic acid markedly stimulated superoxide and $H_2O_2$ generation and activated NADPH oxidase. In $Ca^{++}$ free media, stimulatory action of arachidonic acid on NADPH oxidase was not detected. Arachidonic acid-stimulated respiratory burst was inhibited by EGTA, TMB-8, verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, dibucaine, lidocaine, CCCP, 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium arsenate, chlorpromazine, theophylline, $HgCl_2$, PCMB and PCMBSA but not affected by tetrodotoxin, tetraethylammonium chloride and procaine. EGTA almost completely inhibited release of ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ by arachidonic acid and verapamil, CCCP and theophylline slightly inhibited it, whereas dibucaine did not show any significant effect. Arachidonic acid induced $Ca^{++}$ release from intact neutrophils and it was decreased by TMB-8. Arachidonic acid-induced elevation of intracellular free $Ca^{++}$ level was inhibited by EGTA and CCCP and slightly inhibited by TMB-8. Amount of intracellular free $Ca^{++}$ increased by either arachidonic acid plus verapamil or arachidonic acid plus dibucaine was greater than that by arachidonic acid alone. These results suggest that various changes of biochemical events may be implicated in the functional expression in neutrophils activated by arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid appears to elevate cytosolic free $Ca^{++}$ level by stimulating $Ca^{++}$ release from intracellular $Ca^{++}$ storage sites. During activation of neutrophils, $Ca^{++}$ influx and efflux may be accomplished, simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.653-659
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• 2018

High-rise buildings and complex facilities are a representative urban system for the masses, and it requires an increasing role of commodity and safety. Smoke and toxic gasses can cause accidents due to fire in these systems. The purpose of this study is to develop a fiber screen material for emergency evacuation passages that can be avoided quickly and safely in cases of disasters. The fiber screen material is applicable to folding devices for emergency evacuation passages. The material is different from general steel material in that it is lightweight with less burden during storage for a long time in a roll form in a folding device. It also has an excellent secondary function in that it is less affected by radiant heat. Three kinds of fiber screen materials were selected that have good flame retardancy and post-processing characteristics. A performance evaluation was performed by a heat shrinkage test, contact heat test, combustibility test, flame retardancy test, tensile strength test, and tear strength test. As a result, the lightweight fabric shows excellent performance through post-processing, and silicone resin coating can secure safety of the pizza by the fiber screen material performance and radiant heat. The optimum post-treatment conditions were evaluated by performing a burning test after coating two kinds of glass fibers and four types of flame-retardant silicone resins with different weight and thickness.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 1993

In order to retain the freshness of fruits and vegetables and to reduce the rate of disease damage, grafruit seed extract (GPSE), natural microorganism control agent, was applied during the preservation process of fresh fruits and vegetables. GFSE showed an effective inhibitory action against plant putrefactive bacteria and fungi which were involved in the decay of fruits and vegetables. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for GFSE against the microbes were in the range of 50 to 2,000 ppm. Direct observation of microbial cells and spores using electron microscopy showed their function was destroyed by the treatment of the dilute solutions of GFSE. Fresh Welsh onions, onions and red peppers treated with GFSE and stored in polyethylene film (0.1 mm) retained better quality in color and texture than the non-treated control. GFSE was efficient in controlling the germination of potatoes. It was observed that GFSE would reduce disease damages and have bactericidal and fungicidal properties during the storage of such fruits and vegetables as zucchinis, cucumbers, tomatoes and mandarin oranges.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

One of the missions of active-duty units in charge of managing reserve forces is providing combat supplies to reserve forces to exercise their combat capabilities quickly when declaring a mobilization order. Rear area active-duty units must support large local reserve forces. On the other hand, military units have difficulties due to a lack of forces and the storage of large quantities of firearms and ammunition. For this reason, local reserve forces should move to an integrated storing place and receive their firearms and ammunition. The existing distribution plan (existing plan) is a first-in-first-out plan that can produce inconsistent distribution orders. The inconsistent distribution orders can increase the complete distribution time, which will affect the combat power of local reserve forces. Therefore, firearms and ammunition should be distributed quickly. Accordingly, this paper proposes the priority selection of firearms and ammunition for local reserve forces with a minimum complete distribution time using Dynamic Programming. To verify the proposed model, the existing plan was compared with the proposed model using real data, and the result showed that the proposed model outperformed the existing plan.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.260-267
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• 2020

In this study, supercapacitor based on the all solid state electrolyte with PVA(polyvinyl alcohol), ionic liquid as a BMIMBF4(1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and activated carbon/Ni-MOF composite was fabricated and characterized its electrochemical properties with function of MOF. In order to analysis and comparison that electrochemical performances [including cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge test] of prepared supercapacitor based on activated carbon/Ni-MOF composite and all solid state electrolyte. As a result, specific capacitance of the supercapacitor without Ni-MOF was 380 F/g which value decreased to 340 F/g after adding Ni-MOF to activated carbon as a electrode material. This result exhibited that decreased electrochemical property of the supercapacitor effected on physical hinderance in the electrode. In further, it needs to optimization of the Ni-MOF amount (wt%) in the electrode composite to maximize its electrochemical performances.