• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.867-870
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• 2011

Purpose: The authors would like to introduce two patients who presented with velopharyngeal inadequacy. We emphasize the importance of nasaopharyngeal endoscopy in evaluating the velopharyngeal function and the usefulness of biofeedback trial therapy. Methods: Two patients visited our clinic due to velopharyngeal inadequacy. Both of the patients showed hypernasality, nasal emission and compensatory articulation such as glottal stop. During oral examination and nasopharyngeal endoscopy both showed no evidence of structural deformities. One inconsistently showed a small gap during articulation. The other showed a rather large gap during compensatory articulation. Both received a simultaneous biofeedback trial therapy using the nasopharyngeal endoscope. Results: Both patients were successfully diagnosed and treated at once using biofeedback trial therapy with nasopharyngeal endoscopy. By giving direct visual feedback to the patient, they were both able to achieve complete velopharyngeal closure during production of 2~3 nonsence syllables and hypernasality was not detected in both of them. Conclusion: The authors were able to help patients with velopharyngeal inadequacy to have velopharyngeal closure through biofeedback trial therapy. The accurate evaluation of velopharyngeal function and the possibility of closure prevented unnecessary operations.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2011

This study examined the production of aspirated stop consonants in Korean and English words to address how the influences differed particularly in terms of proficiency in L2 English. Voice onset times (VOTs) were measured from two American monolinguals and seven Korean speakers. The results showed that VOT patterns for both L1 and L2 stops differed according to their proficiency in L2 English. In L2 English, high proficient speakers produced VOTs that were similar to those of native speakers of English whereas low proficient speakers produced VOTs that were significantly longer than those of proficient speakers. In L1 Korean and L2 English, most of the proficient speakers produced VOTs similarly. Unlike previous findings, Korean VOTs were even shorter than English counterparts. The VOT shortening of aspirated stops in Korean was found for most of the proficient speakers. The findings of the present study suggest that cross language phonetic influences as well as the ongoing VOT shortening in Korean aspirated stops may be correlated with L2 proficiency. Since this is a pilot study with a small number of subjects for each proficiency group, further quantitative study is necessary to generalize.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 2014

As power consumption increases, more power utilities are required to satisfy the demand and consequently results in tremendous cost to build the utilities. Another issue in construction of power utilities to meet the peak demand is an inefficiency caused by surplus power during non-peak time. Therefore, most power company considers power demand management with time-based electricity rate policy which applies different rate over time. This paper considers an optimal machine operation problem under the time-based electricity rates. In TOC (Theory of Constraints), the production capacities of all machines are limited to one of the bottleneck machine to minimize the WIP (work in process). In the situation, other machines except the bottleneck are able to stop their operations without any throughput loss of the whole manufacturing line for saving power utility cost. To consider this problem three integer programming models are introduced. The three models include (1) line shutdown, (2) block shutdown, and (3) individual machine shutdown. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IP models through diverse experiments, by comparing with a TOC-based machine operation planning considered as a current model.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.111-132
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• 2005

With the globalization of economy, there is keen competition among countries to be a logistics hub and companies are striving to be first in establishing logistics system centering on advantageous sites, especially airport and seaports, to perform supply, production and distribution. Korea competing with Northeast Asia countries is also working out strategies in order to make Korea penninsula a logistics center of Northeast Asia taking advantage of its geographical strength. Gwangyang port has designated as Free Economic Zone together with Pusan and Jinhae, Incheon from October 24th, 2003. However, the introduction of Free Economic Zone in Korea lagged behind other major countries and it has a lot of operational problems. Approximately 600 areas worldwide are designated and operated as a Free Economic Zone and Gwangyang port and its surrounding area has several points to be settled as one of FEZ. First one is its limited functions and related laws on Gwangyang Bay. Next is imperfection on development, investment and management system of the FEZ. Lack of promotion activities could be one of the problems. If we want to activate the FEZ, we must induce investment at Gwangyang Bay. This paper analyzes the above problems and presents various measures to activate Gwangyang Free Economic Zone by inducing investment for innovation cluster as follows Benchmarking to promote Gwangyang Free Economic Zone as follows Benchmarking other countries' system, governmental support, introduction & logistics functions, early development of the hinterland, supply ofeffective one-stop service, investment attraction into the area and diversified promotion & marketing activities.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2014

In this paper, it aims to get an effective marketing strategy in terms of business by introducing combined social video and color marketing technique. The process of research will be implementing a stop motion technique video by combining a black and white video with an extracted color image and then, further investigates each process. The expected result is that the effects can contribute to the development and the activation of company or brand's social video marketing by using the new video production technique. From the perspective of a company, the technique can effect in a positive way. They can provide consistent message to customers (public) by the color effect which contain brand's core message.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2008

Eco printing offers the perfect balance between getting all our printing jobs done without endangering the environment. It is important to realize that the printing industry is no exception to this rampant destruction of the planet's natural resources. In fact, surprisingly enough, its effect on the environment is an extremely harmful one. Like most other production operations, printing houses also produce harmful waste products that pollute the air we breathe in. They also put a great drain on precious natural resources. Printing houses emit what are known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), caused by the use of petroleum-based inks, laminates, varnishes and adhesives. Studies show that these compounds, when inhaled, greatly increase the risk of asthma attacks. Eco printing, however, has a larger scope than is apparent. Eco printing has a dual essence. In order to understand what it is really all about, the issue of conservation is no less important than the need to stop polluting the environment.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

3D printing, which designs product in three dimensions, draws attention as a technology that will lead the future for it dramatically shortens time for production without assembly, no matter how complex the structure is. The paper studies the latest researches of 3D-printed electronics and introduces papers studied electronics components, power supply, circuit interconnection and 3D-printed PCBs' applications. 3D-printed electronics showed possibility to simplify facilities and personalize electric devices by providing one-stop printing process of electronic components, soldering, stacking, and even encapsulation.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

In 20th century, that is the times of mass production with mass consumption, a company supplies standard product by the system of mass production line. Therefore, the company, itself, had to introduce its product quality to the customers. It was the buying criterion of consumer against product. In that period, a company utilized its identity in order to give customers product information such as product value, price and quality, etc. However, as digital technology with the wide-spread of informationalization & technical revolution is developed, products have diversification and customers have better incomes. So, buying method tends to thi purchase of self-satisfaction generally. In the buying criterion of consumerbased on personality & sensibility, a company must offer the buying criterion of product which can appeal the special quality & image of product itself to customers, and it must stop appealing the Cl of company under the condition of mass production by product quality and function. This study tried to focus on the method which can create effective brand and its image that are the buying criterion of new product. Also, this study tried to find the effective relation between economical & social paradigm which is the result of social informationalization with intensive knowledge, and buying determination of customer, And, this study tried to present guideline of effective brand image and brand special Quality that is affected to buying determination of customers together. The model of Positive analysis had two types. The first model studied the mutual relation between economical/social change factors and special quality of brand. And, the second model studied the mutual relation between the cause of special quality of brand and formation of brand image through regression analysis. Therefore, the construction of sensitive brand image for forming brand must be requested. The sensitive brand image is highly related to preference of sensibility, and it must be based on mind identity & visual identity. And, mind identity must have creation of value, satisfaction, combination of community, personal preference, etc. Visual identity must have esthetic order, and originality of molding, etc. Namely, brand image must form the accommodation of era change, personality & sensibility satisfaction, the effectiveness of service, etc., in order to create effective brand image.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2010

Clinical cases of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) have been reported during the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) therapy for the anemia patients. PRCA is a rare hematological disorder leading to a severe anemia due to an almost complete stop of red blood cell production. Antibody (Ab)-associated PRCA is caused by the EPO-neutralizing Abs that eliminate the biological activity of EPO. In order to detect anti-EPO Abs in human sera, we performed conventional ELISA, directly coated bridging ELISA, and streptavidin coated bridging ELISA, and compared their sensitivity and specificity. Some false positive results were obtained in the conventional ELISA. One positive sample was detected successfully by streptavidin coated bridging ELISA, which was not appeared in the directly coated bridging ELISA. In conclusion, streptavidin coated bridging ELISA was substantially sensitive and specific format and one out of sixty-eight serum samples was proved to be anti-EPO positive.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-82
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• 2007

Ohjective: This research investigates the effect of the DJR on Alzheimer's disease. Method: 1.The effects of the DJR extract on IL.-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, cox-2, and NOS-II mRNA of BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS; 2. the behavior: 3. the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}$A were investigated. Result: 1. The DJR extract suppressed the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. 2. The DJR extract suppressed the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ protein production in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. 3. For the DJR extract group a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by .${\beta}$A in the Moms water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency, and distance movement-through latency. 4. The DJR extract suppressed the over-expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ protein, TNF-${\alpha}$ protein and CD68/CD11b, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A 5. The DJR extract reduced the infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. 6. The DJR extract reduced the tau protein, GFAP protein, and presenilin1/2 protein (immunohistochemistry) of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. Conclusion: These results suggest that the DJR extract may he effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the DJR extract for Alzheimer's disease of suggested for future research.