• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.359-368
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the wood species of the stern plank and persimmon seed from Daebudo shipwreck No.2 excavated from Daebudo, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, and Gyeonggi-do by wiggle-matching of radiocarbon measurements. Results of the analysis showed that all the wooden boards of the hull were made from Pinus Hard Pine Group. The other parts of hull and wooden pegs were made from Pinus Hard Pine Group, Castanea spp., Quercus spp. sect. Lepidobalanus, Alnus spp., and Zelkova serrata Makino. Excavated wide-tooth wooden comb and fine-tooth bamboo comb were made from Acer spp. and Bambusoideae. Excavated rope was made from Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. The stern plank, wooden support, and persimmon stone showed ${\pm}2{\sigma}$ radiocarbon date(95.4% confidence interval) of AD 1151-1224. This indicated that the Daebudo shipwreck No.2 occurred during the early or middle 12-13th century. Our radiocarbon dating results confirmed the date speculated by archeologists based on the ceramic style.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.90-107
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• 2013

The Stone Monument of Taejong King in Heonreung Royal Tomb, Seoul was originally erected in 1424 to pay a tribute to Bang Won Lee's achievement who was named Taejong, the Third King of Joseon Dynasty. The monument has been damaged by Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 so that another monument was newly made and erected together with the original monument in 1695. The original monument was made of medium-grained biotite granite for the turtle base and medium-grained milky white crystalline limestone for the stele body and the top stone. The turtle base of the original monument is destroyed beyond the original shape and inscription due to irregular shaped breaking and a set of longitudinal crack. Analyzing the deterioration degree by using nondestructive methods, the 88 percentage of the front area and 38 percentage of the back area of the monument are damaged, and the lower part of the stele body is dominantly deteriorated especially due to the combination of discoloration and physical deterioration. The new monument in 1695 is also made of granite and limestone. The weathering indices of the turtle base and stele body stones by the calculation from ultrasonic velocity are 0.10 and 0.74, respectively. This is because the original monument is presumed to be degraded by heat shock and physical attack during the Japanese war, and the long-term outdoor exposure accelerated the weathering of the monument afterward without protective shelter.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2012

Iksan Mireuksaji Stone pagoda was built A.D. 639 when King Moo was governing Baekje, in which Sarira has been enshrined in a hole dug in the stereobate for 1,370 years. In South Korea, about 150 cases of Sarira have been found so far. In this connection, many studies have been conducted on how to manage it and on its genesis, but there have been no data on environments to which it has been exposed. In this study, accordingly, researches were made into environments to which Sarira has been exposed as well as into how much it has been damaged under the environments. Sarira in wooden pagodas was influenced greatly by water, but that in stone pagodas by saturated relative humidity. Thus, Sarira in the containers was significantly influenced by the outside temperature for 1 to 2 days, but had no any reaction to humidity. The time it took for the humidity in a Sarira container to reach its maximum, varied depending upon the humidity of the day when Sarira was enshrined. In the case of this pagoda, the humidity reached its maximum 30 days later.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.35
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• pp.100-118
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• 2002

Originally, Gyeongcheonsa pagoda was located in Busosan, Jungyeon-ri, Gwangdeok-myeon, Gaepung-gun, Gyeonggi-do,but it has suffered from being taken out to Japan illegally in 1907 and being returned to Korea in 1918. After returned to Korea, Gyeoncheonsa Pagoda had been neglected and restored in 1960. It had been exhibited outside the Gyeingbokgung Palace after restoration, but many problems were raised. It was taken to pieces in 1995 and it is conservation and restoring today. However, the top of pagoda is necessary to be researched about its archetype because the shapes of stupa in 1902 and in 1960(the shape of pagoda after restoration) are all different from its archetype. According to picture datum in 1902, the top of pagoda was a Korean building type on a 10 layered roof stone. On the other hand, when it was restored in 1960, cement suspected as a anda was taken place between Korean building type and a 10 layered roof stone. Therefore, I am going to examine Restoration of Gyeongcheonsa pagoda in this thesis. When we examine historical records of Geongcheonsa and datum of parts, we can know that the pagoda was established in 1348(Goryeo Dynasty) but it is difficult to know the truth of its establishment and demolition of Gyeongcheonsa-temple. Three ways to restore the top of the pagoda of Gyeoncheonsa Pagoda can be c o n s i d e r e d . First, Korean building type made by metals is located on a 10 layered roof stone, which is same to picture datum in 1902. Second, the shape of and a type, which is similar to the shape when it was restored in 1960's. Also it is similar to Lamapagoda type. Third, to restore the top of pagoda of gabled roof type, which is similar to the top of pagoda of Wongaksagi P agoda. However it is necessaray to exmamine functions about circle grooves hollowed out in a 10 layered roof stone in restoration. Also we need to find out the archetype of dragon sculpture through the dragon claws left on an edge of a 10 layered roof stone.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.4-21
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• 2021

A stone mold from the Sabi period of Baekje was excavated at the western tombs in Neungsan-ri, Buyeo where there was a recent excavation survey (2016). It was believed and reported that such stone molds were used for copper needles during the early Iron Age; however, a close re-examination of the form revealed that they were used for bifid ornamental hairpins. Given its casting form, the stone mold of Neungsan-ri is estimated to have been used to make bifid ornamental hairpins in a ∩ shape, narrowing down toward the tip. It is considered an artifact of the Goryeo dynasty. The stone used to make the bifid ornamental hairpin mold of Neungsan-ri was chlorite-schist, the principal minerals of which include chlorite, amphibole, and talc. Similar rocks are in nearby Buyeo (Oesan-myeon), Cheongyang, Gongju, and Yesan. They are mainly found between Jiseon-ri, Oesan-myeon, Buyeo, Sucheol-ri, Yesane-up, and Yesan. Nearly 70 bifid ornamental hairpins from the Goryeo dynasty were excavated at Neungsan-ri, Buyeo and the surrounding areas. Among them, the bronze ones excavated from the tombs of Songguk-ri, Buyeo are estimated to have been made using this mold as they closely resemble the Neungsan-ri mold. Stone was likely the preferred material for molds to make bronze artifacts as it was easy to sink a die. Regarding the bifid ornamental hairpin cast excavated in Neungsan-ri, they obtained stones in nearby areas 20~50km from their location, made bronze artifacts, and distributed them to nearby sites during the Goryeo dynasty. These artifacts suggest that the casting technology of using a stone mold was still employed then.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.244-257
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• 2020

State-designated rain gauge pedestals, including a rain gauge support, were installed in front of the "Imunwon" at Changdeok Palace, made from various rock types. Some of those pedestals provide exact information on their production dates. These rain gauge pedestals are highly valuable as scientific instruments; however, there has been insufficient scientific research carried out on them. Therefore, precise analysis and conservative consideration are required. As a result of petrographic character analysis, the Changdeokgung rain gauge pedestal has been classified as marble. Furthermore, comparison of the results of P-XRF analysis with GSJ reference samples (JLs-1, JDo-1) has determined it to be dolomitic marble. Applying the same analysis to other state-designated rain gauge pedestals, it was presumed that the rain gauge supports at Gyeongsand-do Provincial Office and Gwansanggam were each made from aplite, pinkish medium-to-coarse biotite granite. Results confirmed that only the Changdeokgung rain gauge pedestal was made from marble. Marble is viewed as having an identity specificity rooted in a certain historical background. According to the tendency towards stone figures being made from marble, especially dolomitic marble, it is necessary to further studies whether particular rocks were used to make royal stone figures in Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2013

This study focused on analysis condition and application method of the passive infrared thermography according to the direction and time to nondestructively detect the blistering zone of stone cultural heritage. As a result, the passive thermographic images showed different temperature characteristics by time because it sensitively reacts to air temperature, insolation and sunshine direction. In particular, the insolation and sunshine direction, which are periodically changed from 6:00 to 17:00, irregularly made surface temperature. In addition, surface temperature differences were brought on fresh zones and blistering zones except specific time since blistering causes erratic thermal transfer. As a result of examining the detection characteristics of blistering by time, the blistering was well detected between 9:00 and 10:00 when there was rapid increase in air temperature and insolation in all direction except the north. However, this study isn't considered effects of four seasons because it is carried out in autumn, and the passive thermography has difficulty to analyze the quantitative area of blistering zone. Therefore, an additional study for synthetic consideration of the passive thermography analysis about four seasons and quantitative modeling of blistering zone using the active thermography are needed.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.35
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• pp.99-110
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• 2014

The Three-dimensions digital documentation of cultural heritages mostly consist of drawings with 3D data, and require diverse attempts and researches. Three storied stone pagoda in Mulgeol-ri, Hongcheon underwent the disassembling repair, and its conditions before the disassembly, individual members and conditions after the preservation treatment were documented in 3D data. The 3D data of the stone pagoda before the disassembly and after the preservation treatment were comparatively analyzed by combining the member position data with the individual member data. The gaps between foundation stones became smaller after the preservation treatment, and each story made a square. The results will be used as important data in monitoring the deformation of and damage to the stone pagoda.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.299-310
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• 2016

The Stele for Buddhist Monk Wonjong at Godalsa Temple Site was destroyed a long time ago. Only the tortoise-shaped pedestal and the ornamental capstone in the form of a hornless dragon remain at the site and the broken stele body is stored at the National Museum of Korea today. The stele is made of two kinds of rocks that are coarse-grained biotite granite for the pedestal and the capstone, and fine-grained biotite granite including hornblende assemblages and feldspar phenocrysts for the stele body. The coarse-grained biotite granite of the pedestal and capstone showed same magnetic susceptibility and lithological characteristics with biotite granite outcrops in Yeoju area, whereas the fine-grained granite of the stele body did not. To find a provenance of the stele body stone, we investigated Korean granites in terms of magnetic susceptibility, lithology and old recordings about construction process of the stele. As a result, Haeju granite is the most likely to be a cognate rock of the stele body stone as it has same texture and lithological characteristics like color, hornblende assemblages, mineral composition and magnetic susceptibility. It is imported from Haeju (North Korea) to South Korea via China commercially, and the most suitable for a replica stone of the stele body.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.50-73
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• 2009

Recently old stone walls were designated as registered cultural properties that meant an extension of categories about cultural properties from a spot area to whole area. Moreover given the changing situation of residential pattern, which is due to rapid social change, this designation can be seen as a significant measure to keep as intact as possible traditional landscapes in agricultural and fishing villages. In this paper, I analyze the symbol system and meaning of old stone walls and attempt to pick out the cultural elements which are related to them. These days we have made efforts to various aspects for which make traditional cultural resources into cultural contents. But many studies had done before emphasized aspects for beauty only. Especially existing studies about an old stone wall was mainly focused on architectural interpretation and tourist route. So we need to build a plot around oral research and need a creative approach for sharing with tourists. Cultural contents combine the original form, potential and capabilities with media by detecting original form of culture and finding out the worth and meaning. In this paper examined the probability of using by investigating a stone wall in Sang-hak Village that is related with recovering of places to live in contemporary society and finding cultural contents. I suggest more creative ways to make cultural properties into tourist resources by considering the possibilities of place marketing using storytelling, based on an analysis of data gathered.