• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6257-6260
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• 2013

Gallstone disease is a major surgical problem in many populations; it is probably related to diet, especially excessive consumption of meat. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of gallstones and their association with neoplastic changes including cholangiocarcinomas in cholecystectomised patients. The chemical composition of gallstones from 40 patients (8 males and 32 females) was analyzed. This is a prospective study performed in Baquba teaching hospital in the period from 1/10/2012 to 1/1/2013 in which we collected the gallstones for the patients who underwent cholecystectomy, whether open or laparoscopic. The stones were classified according to their chemical composition as a mixed stones (MS), and examined using a stone analysis set (chemical qualitative method) for calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid and oxalate which was used reagent for qualitative determination of main individual components of stones. The results of this study showed the highest incidence of gallstones in the age group 40-49 was 13 cases followed by 11, 8 and 4 cases for age groups 30-39, 50-59, 20-29 and 60 and above, respectively. The chemical analysis showed the majority of gallstones were mixed, 38 containing calcium followed by 37 cases with uric acid, 28 with magnesium, and 25 and 22 stones with oxalate and phosphate, respectively. Microscopically, we confirmed neoplastic changes (17.5%) as cholangiocarcinomas (CCCs) (7.55%) and dysplastic cells of carcinoma in situ in 4 (10%), 31 (77.5%) cases were chronic cholecystitis and 2 (5%) cases were acute cholecystitis with empyema out of bile duct disorders patients. In conclusion, majority of cases had mixed gallstones that involved five and four of inorganic chemicals of calcium, magnesium and phosphate, the highest incidence of gallstones in age group 40-49 years old was 13 cases, and neoplastic changes were confirmed (17.5%) including CCCs, (7.5%) and dysplastic cells of carcinoma in situ (10%), while 31 (77.5%) cases were chronic cholecystitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.65.1-65.10
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• 2022

Background: Persistent uroliths after a cystotomy in dogs are a common cause of surgical failure. Objectives: This study examined the following: the success rate of retrograde urohydropropulsion in male dogs using non-enhanced computed tomography (CT), whether the CT mean beam attenuation values in Hounsfield Units (mHU) measured in vivo could predict the urolithiasis composition and whether the selected reconstruction kernel may influence the measured mHU. Methods: All dogs and cats that presented with lower urinary tract uroliths and had a non-enhanced CT preceding surgery were included. In male dogs, CT was performed after retrograde urohydropropulsion to detect the remaining urethral calculi. The percentage and location of persistent calculi were recorded. The images were reconstructed using three kernels, from smooth to ultrasharp, and the calculi mHU were measured. Results: Sixty-five patients were included in the study. The success rate of retrograde urohydropropulsion in the 45 male dogs was 55.6% and 86.7% at the first and second attempts, respectively. The predominant components of the calculi were cystine (20), struvite (15), calcium oxalate (8), and urate (7). The convolution kernel influenced the mHU values (p < 0.05). The difference in mHU regarding the calculus composition was better assessed using the smoother kernel. A mHU greater than 1,000 HU was predictive of calcium oxalate calculi. Conclusions: Non-enhanced CT is useful for controlling the success of retrograde urohydropropulsion. The mHU could allow a prediction of the calculus composition, particularly for calcium oxalate, which may help determine the therapeutic strategy.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.299-312
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• 2016

The Daehan Uiwon (Historic Site No. 248) in which the predecessor of Seoul National University Hospital is a crucial medical institution that built in the Korean Empire period. One of them, East 1 Affiliated Ward that attached to Daehan Uiwon was built with concrete foundation in 1908 and extended two times in 1935 and 1954. As a result of material scientific analysis for concrete foundation, all of the foundation is composed of mortar and stone aggregates, however, the mixing proportions between the aggregate and the mortar were confirmed to be different with construction periods. To determine the mixing proportion, and physical properties by ultrasonic velocity and rebound hardness, the concrete foundations by construction period were obtained. In result, 1954's mixing proportion of concrete between mortar and stone aggregate indicated the highest ratio of aggregates with 1 : 35, mean value of ultrasonic velocity and unconfined compressive strength were calculated with 450 m/s and 18.92 MPa in 1954's constructions that is the lowest values compared with other times. As a result, the difference characteristics of physical properties by construction periods are possible interpreted with porosities and mixing ratios of stone aggregates.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate the relations among each white stone and their characteristics through the chemical and mineralogical analysis of them excavated from around some kilns in archaeological sites. Moreover it was intended to infer the function of kilns. Nine white stones were chosen from three different archaeological sites, the each name of which is Sanyang-ri, Youngdu-ri and Gwangdae-ri in Chungcheongnam-do. In the mineralogical characteristics of thin section, eight stones containing calcite are altered and recrystallized by metasomatism and hydrothermal process, and Calcites, major component minerals of limestone, were identified by the analysis of XRD. On the basis of this result, we can infer the stones to be classified into limestone groups. One the other hand, research revealed that one of the white stones was a white pelitic stone composed of quartz, microcline and muscovite. In the analysis of chemical composition, except for the white pelitic stone eight stones are mainly composed of CaO which is major component of Calcite. Besides, as a results of correlation analysis by using a chemical compositions of major and minor elements in white stones, little did each archaeological site have the relativity. In conclusion, each archaeological site was estimated that they would use a limestone ores extracted from different deposits, and there is a high possibility that the function of these kilns is to produce quicklime.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

Self-leveling material(SLM) is one of the floor finishing materials which make flat surface like as water level by itself in a short time. So it is possible to increase construction speed and enhance economical efficiency. In this study, author intended to develop SLM for the industrial warehouse and factory loading heavy weight machinery and vehicles. The demanded properties for this type of SLM are above 20mm of flow value and above 300kgf/cm2 of 28-days compressive strength. To possess demended strength and fluidity, SLM have to be composed of many types of binders and chemical additives. So it is difficult to decide suitable mixing proportion of composition materials. In this study, author investigated the weight percentage effect of main composition materials for high-strength self-leveling material, by experimental design such as tables of orthogonal arrays and simplex design, and by statistical analysis such as analysis of variance and analysis of response surface. Variables of experiments were ordinary portland cement(OPC), alumina cement(AC), anhydrous gypsum(AG), lime stone(LS) and sand, and properties of tests were fluidity of fresh state and strength of hardened state. Results of this study are showed that suitable mix proportions of binders for the high strength self-leveling materials are two groups. One is 78~85.5% OPC, 7.5~9.5% AC, 9~12.5% AG and the other is 72.5~78% OPC, 9~12.5% AC, 13~l5% AG.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.285-290
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• 2010

How to appropriately apply the theories of oriental diet therapy in terms of direction and development are pressing concerns. To address these concerns, this study was performed to provide basic ideas to further the understanding oriental medicinal cuisine(Yack-Sun) and aid its application. Presently, basic data on the nutritional composition and oriental diet therapy area approach of Reajerksodo-tang was acquired to predict the usefulness of Reajerksodo-tang as an edema-related diuretic to promotes urination, drains heat and leaches out dampness. Reajerksodo-tang energy was 67.3 kcal per 100 g, crude protein was 77.2 g, crude fat was 5.7 g, crude ash was 0.6 g and carbohydrate was 16.5 g per 100 g. This basic data could help guide the application of oriental medicinal resources into other foods and serve as a stepping-stone for use of Reajerksodo-tang in the burgeoning field of function foods. Lastly, the scientific effects of oriental medicinal foods developed according to oriental medicinal theory. It is believed to be essential for government policy development concerning validation of medicinal effects and assessment, with the aim of fostering systematic development and providing guidance to food development in the interest of national health.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 1991

In veiw of the results that the spatial peculiarity of the residential environment has been analyzed through the investigation of live on the change and use of the space of housing in the village of Bongsung, which is a traditional farming village of Cheju Island, and in the village of Hamo, which is a traditional fishing village of Cheju Island, a traditional constitution of space strongly remains in the village of Bongsungwhose family composition has been reductionized and implified, on the other side a tendency of extension or remodelling has been strongly appeared as well as a plot planning or a loose form has been appeared in the village of Hamo whose famiIy composition has been simplified and diversified and whose style of living has been also diversified, so the tianditional style which the yard has been surrounded with a stone wall has not remained. In the generation of 1970, a tendency to maintain the tranditional living style, to simply change for application, or to change for holding fast to the tradition was appeared, and the space of housing has been changed for the advanced modernization of life pattern since the generation of 1980. However, the traditional custom of life is continued.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.85-97
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• 2010

This research studied the location and the spatial composition of Pihyang-jeong zone. Pihyang-jeong is regarded as one of the five great pavilions in Chollabuk-do. Located in Taein-myeon of Jeongeup-si, Pihyang-jeong is also called as 'the number one pavilion in Honam area'. 1. There is no record regarding the first construction of Pihyang-jeong. There is only transmitting by word of mouth that the scholar Choi Chi-won had an excursion to here and composed some poetry during the age of King Heon-gang of Shilla dynasty. However, there are records that Lee Ji-gweng had expanded the humble structure in 1618, Park Sung-go repaired it in 1664 and Yoo Geun repaired it again in 1715. 2. The location of Pihyang-jeong is 'high in north and low in south' and typical 'mountain in rear and water in front'. It has Seong-hwang Mountain(189m) in the north, Hang-ga Mountain(106m) in the south, Tae Mountain(33m) in the south and an open field in the northwest. 3. The spatial composition around Pihyang-jeong is as following. Pihyang-jeong faces 'Hayeonji'(the lower side lotus pond) in the south-south-west direction. 4. The buildings around Pihyang-jeong are; Pihyang-jeong, which was the pavilion of the government official not directly in charge of government office, Hambyeok-lu in the Hayeonji and the facility for the caretaker. Pihyang-jeong is a rectangular building with double eaves and hipped-and-gabled roof. It has five rooms in the front and four rooms in the side. Hambyeok-lu had been first built in 1918 as two-storey wooden pavilion with dancheong, traditional multicolored paintwork on wooden buildings. Then it was modified into rectangular single-storey pavilion with hipped-and-gabled roof and five rooms in 1971. In 2010, it was rebuilt as a hexagonal pavilion; therefore, the present shape is completely different one from the original shape. 5. The scenic features around Pihyang-jeong are as following. There are 21 stone monuments in Pihyang-jeong zone. The fence surrounding Pihyang-jeong is a traditional Korean style crude stone fence. There are three gates in three-gates-style, each gate made with two posts and one 'matbae'(gabled) roof. Also, a stepping stone for mounting/dismounting was found in the east of Pihyang-jeong outer perimeter. 6. The water scenic feature around Pihyang-jeong is a representative case of drawing in the water from the natural pond nearby government office and building a pavilion around the water. 7. The planting around Pihyang-jeong is as following. There are Zelkova trees in the boundary perimeter. In the southern small park, there are Zelkova trees, Crape-myrtie trees, Bushy young pine trees, Pine trees, Satuki, Purple azalea and Grass field. Around Hambyeok-lu in the Ha-yeonji, Elm trees, Zelkova trees and Pine trees are growing in good condition.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.213-228
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• 2010

The composition of Chinese ceramic shards has been the subject of analysis in Europe, beginning in the 18th century, and in China from the 1950s. Scientific studies of traditional Korean shards commenced in the United States and Germany in the 1980s, and studies within Korea began in the 1990s. From analysis of a large systematically collected dataset, the composition of porcelain produced during the Kory. dynasty, including 21 celadon and 10 whiteware groups, was characterized and compared with that of Chinese ceramics. The average composition of the body and glaze of several shards (usually three to five) from each group was determined, enabling comparisons between groups. The results show that the majority of groups were derived from mica-quartz porcelain stone, which was commonly used in Yuezhou, Jingdezhen, and other southern Chinese kilns. The composition of glazes includes clay and flux components; the latter were typically wood ash and limestone, initially as burnt but later as crushed forms. The earliest of the Kangjin glazes contained substantially less titanium oxide than did the Yuezhou glazes, which were typically formulated from body material and wood ash. The present study provides a comparative framework for the growing number of analytical investigations associated with excavations occurring in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2012

This study is for analyzing possibility of utilizing as cement from waste concrete. The scrapped fine powder which contains a large amount of hydrate of cement can supercede lime stone, and greenhouse gas reductions are expected. However, Fine Aggregate powder efficient separation technology development is essential for that limestone substitution effect and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to facilitate through the recycling of the scrapped fine powders.