• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of ChondroT in indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury rat model. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to intact, control Joins, Celebrex, ChondroT50 and ChondroT200. Indomethacin (25 mg/kg) was used to induce damage to the gastric mucosal injury. ChondroT was administered by orally to inhibit the indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. At the end of the experiment, pH level in stomach, stomach contents volume, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes were measured. Ophthalmologic and histopathological examination was also analyzed. Results pH level in stomach and Stomach contents volume had no difference between Control, PC-Joins, PC-Cele, ChondroT50 and ChondroT200 group. TNF-α level was decreased in PC-Joins, PC-Cele, ChondroT50 and ChondroT200 group and there were no significant difference. IL-1β level was decreased in PC-Joins group and ChondroT200 group compared to control group. PGE2 level had no significant difference between Control, PC-Joins, PC-Cele, ChondroT50 and ChondroT200 group. MPO level and complete blood count level were decreased in PC-Joins, PC-Cele, ChondroT50 and ChondroT200. Symptom score of ophthalmologic examination was decreased in ChondroT50 and ChondroT200 group compared to control group. Conclusion Based on these results, It could be suggested that ChondroT was effective in reducing damage to the gastric mucosal injury. And further study is needed to conduct a rigorous clinical research.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2012

Purpose: Clinical staging of gastric cancer appears to be important more and more for tailored therapy. This study aimed to verify the accuracy of clinical T staging in a low-volume institute. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of gastric cancer patients who underwent resection. A total of 268 patients of gastric cancer were enrolled from March 2004 to June 2012. These demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical stages were analyzed for identification of diagnostic value of clinical T staging. Results: The predictive values for pT1 of endoscopy and computed tomography were 90.0% and 89.4%, respectively. In detail, the predictive values of endoscopy for pT1a, pT1b, and pT2 or more were 87%, 58.5%, and 90.6%, respectively. The predictive values of computed tomography for pT1a, pT1b, and pT2 or more were 68.8%, 73.9%, and 84.4%, respectively. The factors leading to underestimation of pT2 or more lesions by gastroscopy were the middle third location, the size greater than 2 cm, and younger age. Those for overestimation of pT1 lesion by computed tomography were male, age more than 70 years, elevated type, and size greater than 3 cm. Conclusions: Diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer was 90%, which is comparable to those of high volume center. In patients with early gastric cancer, limited gastrectomy or minimal invasive surgery can be safely introduced at a low volume center also. However, the surgeon of low-volume institute should consider the accuracy of clinical staging before extending the indication of limited treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2002

This study was conducted to observe the hematological effect of the small dogs when administrated excessive amount of the Korean native chinese chive(Allium tuberosum Rottler) extracts for a short period. In this experiment, clinically healthy dogs(n = 10, average weight = 4.17 kg) were used. They were inserted stomach tube and administrated the extracts(5ml/kg) for 7 days. The followings are the result of this experiment. The red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased. (P<0.05) The packed cell volume was slightly decreased. The mean corpuscular volume and methemoglobin concentration were significantly increased.(P<0.05) The white blood cell counts and reduced glutathione were slightly increased. Consequently, We determined that administrated excessive amount of the Korean native chinese chive extracts induced hemolytic anemia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was to evaluate inhibitory effects of Naegwan-acupuncture($PC_6$) on acute RE(reflux esophigitis) rat induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Methods : Twenty seven SD rats were divided three groups (intact normal rat; RE control rat; RE control rat respectively stimulated by Naegwan point($PC_6$)). All rats was fasted for 18 h but free water, we induced RE by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Six hour after the operation, rats were sacrified, collected bloods in the abdominal vein, dissected a esophagus and stomach. The stomach was washed a 1 ml PBS to research gastric volume, pH, acidity and mucin release of gastric juice, esophagus was cut longitudinally and pictured a innter mucosa area to research damages in esophagus. The proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine including IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and MCP-1 were analyzed by ELISA kit. Results : 1. Significantly, death rate of $PC_6$ acupuncture rat group was decreased compared to that of RE control group. 2. Gastric Volume, gastric injury and esophageal mucosa demage were decreased significantly, too. 3. Compared with RE, all of the proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine analyzed in serum of $PC_6$ were decreased remarkably. Especially, there were significant meanings TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and MCP-1 in serum of $PC_6$ were decreased. Conclusion : The results suggest that antiinflammatory and protecting effects of PC6 could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2018

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze dosimetric parameters of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) delivered to extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach (gastric MALT lymphoma) to find out advantages of VMAT and conditions for definite benefits of VMAT. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with stage I-II gastric MALT lymphoma received VMAT (n = 14) or 3D-CRT (n = 36) between December 2005 and April 2018. Twenty-seven patients were categorized according to whether the planning target volume (PTV) overlaps kidney(s). Dosimetric parameters were analyzed by dose-volume histogram. Results: Radiation dose to the liver was definitely lower with VMAT in terms of mean dose (p = 0.026) and V₁₅ (p = 0.008). The V₁₅ of the left kidney was lower with VMAT (p = 0.065). For those with PTV overlapping kidney(s), the left kidney V₁₅ was significantly lower with VMAT. Furthermore, the closer the distance between the PTV and kidneys, the less the left kidney V₁₅ with VMAT (p = 0.037). Delineation of kidney(s) by integrating all respiratory phases had no additional benefit. Conclusions: VMAT significantly increased monitor units, reduced treatment time and radiation dose to the liver and kidneys. The benefit of VMAT was definite in reducing the left kidney V₁₅, especially in geometrically challenging conditions of overlap or close separation between PTV and kidney(s).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

Background: The correlation between hospital volume and postoperative outcomes has led to the centralization of complex procedures in several countries. However, the results reported in relation to gastric cancer (GC) are contradictory. This study aimed to analyze GC surgical volumes and 30-day postoperative mortality in Italy and to provide a simulation for modeling centralization of GC resections based on district case volumes. Methods: A national registry was used to identify all GC resections, record mortality rates, and track the national in-border GC resection health travel. Hospitals were grouped according to caseload. Centralization of all GC procedures performed within the same district was modeled. The outcome measures were a minimal volume of 25 GC resections/year and the 30-day postoperative mortality. Results: In 2018, 5,873 GC resections were performed in 498 Italian hospitals (mean resections per hospital per year: 11.8); the postoperative mortality rate (5.51%) was tracked from 2016-2018. GC resection health travel ranged from 2% to 50.5%, with a significant (P<0.001) difference between northern and central/southern Italy. The mean mortality rate was 7.7% in hospitals performing one to 3 GC resections per year, compared with 4.7% in those with >17 GC resections/year (P≤0.01). Most Italian districts achieved 25 procedures/year after centralization; however, 66.3% of GC cases in southern Italy vs. 42.2% in central and 52.7% in the northern regions (P<0.001) required reallocation. Conclusion: Postoperative mortality after GC resection correlated with hospital volume. Despite health travel, most Italian districts can reach a high-volume threshold, but discrepancies in mortality rates are alarming.Trial RegistrationResearch Registry Identifierresearchregistry6869

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, larvae and juveniles were reared from hatching to 35 days after hatching (DAH), and the development of their digestive systems was histologically investigated. The larvae were initially fed on rotifers and Artemia nauplii starting around 19 DAH, and thereafter on Artemia nauplii, fish eggs, and a formulated feed mixture. The primitive digestive system differentiated at 3 DAH; the digestive tract was distinctively divided into the buccopharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, air bladder, intestines, and rectum. The gastric gland and pyloric caeca first appeared at 5 and 7 DAH, respectively. The stomach was divided into cardiac, fundic, and pyloric regions in the preflexion phase. The number of gastric glands and pyloric caeca, as well as the volume of the gastric blind sac increased markedly, with development continuing into the juvenile stage. The precocious development of the digestive system during the larval period might be related to the early appearance of piscivory, which is able to support high growth potential. The organogenesis results obtained for this precocial species represent a useful tool to aid our understanding of the physiological requirements of larvae and juveniles to ensure optimal welfare and growth under aquaculture conditions, which will improve current rearing practices of this scombrid species.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2015

Purpose: Various laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) techniques requiring gastrotomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach have been applied to facilitate tumor resection and preserve the remnant gastric volume. However, there is the possibility of cancer cell dissemination during these procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the oncologic safety of LWR with gastrotomy (LWR-G) compared to LWR without luminal exposure. Materials and Methods: Clinicopathologic and operative results of 193 patients who underwent LWR for gastric GIST were retrospectively analyzed from 2003 to 2013. We stratified the patients into two groups: LWR-G and LWR without gastrotomy (LWR-C). Clinicopathologic features, short-term outcomes, and long-term outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 26 patients underwent LWR-G, and 167 patients underwent LWR-C. The LWR-G group showed significantly more anterior wall-located (n=10, 38.5%), intraluminal (n=20, 76.9%), and ulcerative (n=13, 50.0%) tumors than the LWR-C group (n=33, 19.8%; n=96, 57.5%; n=46, 27.5%, respectively). Postoperative short-term outcomes did not differ between the two groups. When tumor staging was compared, no statistical difference was noted. There was no recurrence in the LWR-G group, while 2 patients in the LWR-C group experienced recurrence. The two recurrences in the LWR-C group were found in the liver and in the remnant stomach at 63 and 12 months after the operation, respectively. No gastric GIST-related death was recorded in any group during the study period. Conclusions: LWR-G for gastric GIST is an oncologically safe procedure even for masses with ulcerations.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.523-534
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• 2023

Purpose: Intra-abdominal infection is a common postoperative complication of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomies (PPGs). Many studies have reported that intra-abdominal infectious complications after gastrectomy adversely affect patient survival outcomes. To prevent gastric fluid leakage into the abdominal cavity, we developed a novel anastomosis method in which the stomach lumen is not opened (termed the non-opened clean end-to-end anastomosis method [NoCEAM]) and evaluated its feasibility. Materials and Methods: Subsequent to lymphadenectomy, the oral and anal resection lines were sutured using an intraoperative endoscope. After closing the stomach circumferentially with clips, the specimen was rolled outward like a "donut." We resected the specimen circumferentially using a linear stapler, and anastomosis was completed simultaneously. We examined the feasibility of this procedure ex vivo, using three porcine stomachs, and in vivo, using one pig. Subsequently, we applied the procedure to 13 consecutive patients with middle-third early gastric cancer utilizing laparotomic, laparoscopic, and robotic PPG. Results: NoCEAM was completed in all porcine models and human cases. In the human cases, the mean operation time (±standard deviation) was 279±51 minutes, and mean blood loss volume was 22±45 mL. The mean number of linear staples used was 5.06±0.76. None of the patients had complications, and all were discharged on the eighth postoperative. The serum total protein, serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels did not change significantly after surgery. Conclusions: NoCEAM is feasible and safe for performing totally laparoscopic or robotic PPG. It may reduce postoperative complications, such as intra-abdominal infections.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2001

It is important to supply adequate nutrition to critically ill patients, whose gastrointestinal system is properly functioning, through the enteral tube feeding if oral intake is impossible. In this study we investigated the changes in nutritional status with enteral tube feeding according to the volume required. We investigated the volume ordered according to the patient's requirements, volume infused according to the volume ordered in 41 enteral tube feeding patients in intensive care unit from Jannuary to July, 2000. Body weight, serum albumin level, and total lymphocyte count were evaluated to assess nutritional status. The mean fasting period was 5 days before the enteral feeding and patients whose fasting period over 3 days were 51%. The mean enteral tube feeding period was 29 days and method of feeding was nasogastric, bolus feeding 6 times per day. The volume ordered was 69.7% of the patients' recommended calorie and volume infused was 86.6% of their volume prescribed. Accordingly, the volume infused was estimated 61.7% of their volume required. Only 44.6% of their reqiured volume was infused within 3 days after enteral tube feeding was started. It took 16 days in average to meet the patients' recommended calorie; 56% of subjects still did not fully met their requirements by the end point. Among the impeding factors in supplying enteral tube feeding, factors related to the number of feeding were high residual volume in stomach, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal distension and surgery. Factors related to the acctual infused volume were diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal distension, airway management and tube reinsertion. Significant correlations were shown between the volume infused and changes in both the patients' weight and serum albumin level. Deviding the subjects into two groups by their infused volume, less than 70% and more than that, we compared the two to come up with a significant difference in their serum albumin level, -0.23 vs 0.21, and their body weight, -4.52 vs 0.12. In enteral tube feeding, the volume delivered in sufficient to the pateints' energy requirement can affect their nutriitional status in critically ill patient; adequate nutritional management plan is essential. It is necessary to make every effort to educate clinical staff and to set up a unified management program to prescribe adequate ammount of energy for the patient's nutritional requirement.