• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2007

Objectives : The present study purposed to compare the antioxidant effect, anti inflammatory effect and cancer cell multiplication inhibition effect of Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui aqueous extract according to extraction temperature. Methods : We medicated animal models, which had experimental oxidation, with Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and $50^{\circ}C$ low temperature leachate, and performed hematological analysis and blood chemical analysis with measuring SOD, GSH, catalase, NO and MDA content in the liver. In addition, we made comparative observation of anti inflammatory effect and anti-cancer effect. Results : Compared to the control group, both the group medicated with Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and with $50^{\circ}C$ low-temperature leachate were found to decrease the number of thrombocytes in blood plasma and NO content while to increase SOD activity and catalase activity significantly. Both groups also showed anti-inflammatory effect against THP-1 cells and a multiplication inhibition effect against liver cancer cells and stomach cancer cells significantly. Conclusions : Both Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui $50^{\circ}C$ low-temperature leachate have significant antioxidant effect, anti inflammatory effect and anti cancer effect.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.271-276
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• 1997

The study was attempted to detemine the ratio of stomach and intestine to viscera gathered on catching vessels, the critical level of VBN content as a freshness quality of viscera of Alaska pollack for raw materials of Changran-jeotgal. It also examined the changes of VBN values, pH and viable tell counts during the fermentation. Then sensory evaluation of the fermented products, Changran-jeotgal, was done according to the freshness of raw materials used. The ratio of stomach and intestine to the gathered viscera on the vessel was about $72\%$, while that of round state of Alaska pollack was about $18\%$. There was no significant relationship in VBN content between fish muscle and viscera. It suggests that VBN content is not a reasonable freshness criteria in viscera but in fish muscle. However, if we use the VBN content as a freshness criteria of viscera for raw materials of Changran-jeotgal, less than $70mg\%$ of VBN value could be recommended. According to the experimental results, the product yields and sensory evaluation scores were no good not only for economical evaluation but also for consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.465-477
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• 1997

The purpose of this article is to know the effects on bowel function of the kind of fiber and the amount of fiber in SD-rats. To do this experiment, we select of $\alpha$-cellulose as n insoluble cellulose source and alginic acid and pectin as soluble cellulose source. The rats diets contained callolose camcentrations of 1.0%, 3.6%, 6.0% and 10.0%. After that, we raised the SD-rats for 4weeks and measured the amount of food intake, body weight, the food effciency ratio, the length of liver and stomach the weight of the intestines, the transit time through the intestines, pH in feces, and the amount of bile acid and Ca, Mg, pp. 1) The amount of food intake was 15.75-31.00g/day. It was highest in the 10.0% cellulose group and the lowest in the 3.6% and 6.0% alginic acid group (p<0.05). The body weights of rats were 277.50-349.809. It was highest in the 1.0% pectin group and lowest in the 3.6% alginic acid group, 6.0% cellulose group, and 10.0% pectin group. It had differences according to the content fiber and the kind of dietary(p<0.01). The food efficiency ratio was (p<0.01). The higher the content of dietary fiber, the lower the calory and the food efficiency ratio. 2) Transit time was 446.0-775.0 minutes and it showed signidicant ifferences according to the content and kind of dietary fiber(p<0.01). It was long in the 1.0% cellulose group and 1.0% pectin group but short in the 10.0% alginic acid group. As the content of dietary fiber increased, the transit time through the intestines was shortened. The length of small intestine was 101.03-120.40cm and there were no difference cegardloss of the content and kind of fiber. The length of the large intestine was 20.92-25.42cm and there were significant differences according to the content and kind of the fiber. High-fiber diets resulted in increases in the length of the large intestine. 3) The weight of the liver was 8.68-10.96g and there were no differences according to the content and kind of fiber. The weight of stomach was 1.28-1.74g and there were no differences resulting from the kind of dietary fiber, but it was highest in the 10.0% alginic acid group. The weight of the small intestine was 5.52-8.04g with no difference resulting from to the kind of fiber. It was highest in the 10.0% the alginic acid group and lowest in the 1.0% alginic acid group(p<0.05). The weight of large intestine was 2.50-3.30g with no differences related to the kind of dietary fiber. It was heaviest in the 6.0% and 10.0% alginic acid groups and in the 10.0% pectin group with differences related to the content of fiber(p<0.05). 4) The pH of the feces was 5.82-6.86 according to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was high at 6.66, the cellulose group was 6.26. but the pectin group was low at 6.30. There were difference according to the content of fiber, but no consistency. The content of bile acid was 6.25-34.77umol per 1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, the alginic acid group was low at 12.91umol, cellulose group was 18.64umol and, the pectin group was the highest at 27.78umol(p<0.001). Based on the content of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was low at 1.0%, but high at 3.6% pectin group(p<0.001). 5) The amount of feces was 1.00-5.10g/day. The weight of rat feces was 2.23g/day in the alginic acid goup, 2.75g/day in the cellulose group, and 1.82g/day in the pectin group. According to the content of fiber, cellulose group was high at 10.0% but alginic acid group was 1.0%, and there were significant difference according to the dietary fiber. The more the content of fiber, the more increase the content of feces in alginic acid, cellulose and pectin group. The content of Ca in the feces was 80.10-207.82mg/1g of dry feces. In the dietary fiber, alginic acid group was 193.08mg, cellulose group was 87.5mg, pectin group was 138.16mg. In the content of fiber, alginic acid group was high at 1.0% and 3.6% but low at 10.0% of Pectin group. The content of Mg was 19.15-44.72mg/1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was 35.33mg, cellulose group was 23.60mg, and pectin was 36.93mg. According to the content of fiber, pectin group was high at 1.0% and low at 10.0% of cellulose group. The content of P was 1.65-4.65mg/1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group 2.23mg/g dry feces, cellulose group was 2.29mg/g, pectin group wa 4.08mg/g dry feces. In the content of fiber, pectin group was high at 6.0% and low at 6.0% alginic acid group, but there were significant difference among the analysis value. The conetnt of Ca and MG was higher in soluble alginic acid group and pectin group than in insoluble cellulose group. The high the content of the dietary fiber, the lower the food efficiency ratio and the short the transit time through intestine with the increase of the length of large intestin as well as the higher level of the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine. According to the content of the dietary fiber, the amount of the feces, Ca, Mg and P was increased but the length the small intestin, the weight of liver, pH of the feces and the amount of bile acid showed no differences and consistency.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.843-850
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• 2013

The feeding habits of Lycodes tanakae Eelpout were studied with 722 specimens collected from March 2011 to December 2012 in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea. The main prey of L. tanakae were fish, molluscs and arthropods. Nevertheless annelida, echinodermata and others were found in small amounts in the stomach contents. The L. tanakae stomach was empty of contents in 50.9% of specimens. While smaller size specimens of L. tanakae (less than 40 cm) fed mainly on euphausiids and amphipods, the larger specimens (more than 40 cm) fed on the fish Allolepis hollandi and Icelus cataphractus, and the molluscs Berryteuthis magister and Watasenia scintillans. The main prey items of L. tanakae varied seasonally. The fish Lycodes nakamurai was the dominat prey from November to January during its spawning season. Euphausiids and amphipods of the arthropods were the dominant prey from February to April. The molluscs Berryteuthis magister and Watasenia scintillans were the dominant prey from May to September. The diversity index (H') of diets showed variations by length class and month; the highest values were 2.61 in the length class of 51-55 cm, and the monthly highest were 2.68 in September with 23 species and 2.65 in November with 18 species. The highest dominance index (D') of diets was 0.57 in the length class of 31-35 cm, and the monthly highest was 0.71 in February. Cluster analysis divided prey groups into four groups by length class and three groups by monthly prey items. The gonad index gradually increased during the process of maturation while, contrary, stomach content index decreased during this period.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2004

Chelidonii Herba (CHE, Baek-gul-chae in Korean), which has its original description in Gu-Hwang-Bon-Cho, a classic book of oriental Herbal book, is widely used in the treatment of stomach cancer, jaundice, gasrtic ulcer, edema and stomach pain, in Korea, Japan and China. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CHE on the nitric oxide (NO) production, iNOS and COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide - activated Raw 264.7 cells. After the treatment of CHE, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium, cell viability was measured by MIT assay. COX-2 and iNOS were determined by lmmunoblot analysis. The production of nitric oxide was significantly inhibited by pretreatment (1h) with CHE (0.1-0.3 mg／ml) on LPS-activated Raw264.7 cells. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein were up-regulated by LPS, but the increased levels of iNOS and COX-2 were inhibited by pretreatment of CHE (0.1-0.3 mg／ml), respectively. Thus, the present data suggest that CHE may play an important role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2010

Ecological characteristics of Orthrias nudus from the Eoron Stream, Gangwon-do, Korea were investigated from January to December 2009. O. nudus inhabits mainly riffles of the upstream and mid-upstream stretches of Eoron Stream, which were composed of boulder and cobble bottoms. The current velocities in these habitats were 0.42~1.34 m/sec and depths were 15~46 cm. The sex ratio of female to male was 1 : 0.98. It is presumed that the spawning season is from April to June when water temperatures were $15{\sim}19.2^{\circ}C$. Sexually mature individuals appeared to be over one year of age. Frequency analysis of total length indicated that the group 58~99 mm in total length is represented by one-year-old individuals, and the group over 100 mm by two-year-old individuals. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was estimated as 4,119 per mature female. Stomach contents of O. nudus were composed of aquatic insects such as Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Diptera.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-193
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• 2003

Objective : The present studies investigated the effects of 120Hz high frequency electroacupunctue(EA) on the stress-induced stomach dysfunction in relation to its effect on the level of stress hormone and gastric mucosal damages. The gastric mucosal injury was induced by cold-restraint stress and two acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man were used. Methods: Cold-restraint stress produced typical gastric lesions in all rats of the stressed groups, but he number of ulcers as well as the mean ulcer diameter were reduced by 120 Hz EA pre-treatment. The cold-restraint stress also induced an increase in catecholamine response involving epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine, but an slight decline were observed in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained rats. Results: The degranulation value of gastric mast cell was significantly higher in cold-restrained rats than in control ones. However, with the significant reduction of degranulation values of gastric mast cells in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained ones, $PGE_2$ content in the gastric mucosa of EA pre-treated rats was also different from that observed in cold-restrained rats. Cold-restraint stress induced an elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory gene such as cyclooxygenases-2 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, but these expression were down-regulated in EA pre-treated rats. Immunohistochemecal analysis showed that while the inhibitory-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ an TNF-${\alpha}$ immunoreaction in the surface epithelium of the stomach tended to increase, both reactions in the EA pre-treated rats showed similar pattern as observed in controls. Conclusions : These results suggest that 120 Hz EA may act as a therapeutical means for gastric mucosal damages through a activation of pituitary adrenal system. it could be concluded that 120 hz high frequency electroacupuncture affords a good protective potential against stress-induce gastrointestinal dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2000

In order to Develop a low Na functional kimchi using sea tangle, the Na-binding capacity of alginate in sea tangle along with other dietary fibers was evaluated in vitro. The adding type and amount of the sea tangle that contains alginate in kimhi and characteristics of the sea tangle added kimchi were also studied. Na-binding capacity of various dietary fibers such as cellulose, pectin, gun gum, carageenan, alginates (sodium alginate, alginate, alginate from sea tangle) was measured by equilibrium dialysis method in pH 2 and pH 7 in vitro. Gua gum, carageenan and a group of alginates effectively bound to Na+ Espacially sodium alginate showed high Na-binding capacity of 29.2% in pH of stomach (pH 2.0) and 33.8% in pH of small intestine (pH 7.0), however, the alginate extracted from sea tangle could not bind Na in PH of stomach (pH 2.0), but 27.4% in pH of small intestine (pH 7.0) condition. The content of alginate in sea tangles (dried sea tangle, salted sea tangle and washed salted sea tangle) was 19.8 ~ 22.2% on dry matter basis. The sea tangle added kimchi was prepared with the addition of the flake type (0.5$\times$3 cm) of sea tangle with a quantity of 30% in kimchi from the data of the sensory analysis. The addition of the sea tangle to the kimchi increased the content of soluble dietary fiber, suggesting the Na-binding capacity increased. The sea tangle added kimchi (SK) and sea tangle and fermented anchovy added kimchi (SAK) showed higher levels of reducing sugar and acidity than the control kimchi (CK). In quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) SK and SAK showed higher score in overall acceptance, and lower score in acidic order than CK, however, SK showed less moldy taste and more fresh acidic taste than SAK.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is the separation of biologically active ingredients from Coptidis Rhizoma which has been widely used as one of oriental herbal medicine for body fever. In this study, berberine-type alkaloids were tested on their biological activities in the aspect of antibacterial, antitumor, anti-herpetic and anti-HIV activity. Contents of five major alkaloids for the various origin of Coptidis Rhizoma were assayed by HPLC. As the results, the content of berberine from Coptis chinensis and Coptis japonica were 6.78% and 7.09%, respectively. The contents of coptisine, jatrorrhizine, berberastine from Coptis chinensis were higher than those of Coptis japonica. The amount of palmatine from both species were almost the same. Surprisingly for antitumor experiment, all compounds have been shown remarkable activity, especially against SNU-l(human stomach cancer) cell line. Among the compounds purified through column chromatography, palmatine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine inhibited the growth of K-562(human chronic myelogenous leukemia) cell line whereas jatrorrhizine has been shown the effective inhibition of A-549 (human lung) cell line at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.590-597
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• 2022

We analyzed the diet composition of smallmouth argentine Argentina kagoshimae, which were collected via bottom trawl in the South Sea during February, April, August, and October 2021. Their size range was 8.1-21.4 cm total length. A. kagoshimae are mesopelagic carnivores, mainly consuming benthopelagic Euphausiacea and Caridea crustaceans. Polychaetes were the second largest prey component in their diet, which also included small quantities of copepods, amphipods, and arrow worms. Stomach content compositions substantially differed among body size levels in A. kagoshimae. The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination and permutational multivariate analysis of variance of dietary data revealed no significant dietary differences. The results of a graphical analysis of the diet composition showed that A. kagoshimae are specialized feeders characterized by strong individual feeding specialization.