• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2000

5%(w/v)의 설탕과 2.5%(w/v)의 녹말로 구성된 혼합기질용액을 1.5 mL/min으로 공급하였을 때 dextransucrase와 $\alpha$-amylase의 혼합효소를 함께 고정화한 비드를 이용한 방법이 두 효소를 띠로 고정화한 비드를 혼합한 방법보다 올리고당 수율이 충전형 반응기에서는 12%, 교반형 반응기에서는 11% 높았다. 혼합효소를 함께 고정화한 비드를 200시간 이상 사용하였을 경우 교반식 반응기에서는 파괴되었으나, 충전형 반응기에서는 안전하였다. 따라서 올리고당을 연속적으로 생산하는데는 충전형 반응기가 더 적합하였다. 충치균인 S. mutans를 새로운 구조의 올리고당이 함유된 배치에서 배양하였을 때 pH가 5이하로 떨어지지 않았다. 식중독균인 S. aureus를 새로운 구조의 올리고당이 첨가된 배치에서 배양한 결과, glucose와 설탕이 첨가된 배치보다 균 성장정도가 현저히 떨어졌다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4649-4655
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• 2010

본 논문은 A 시의 산업단지 종말처리장의 방류수 유입에 따른 K 소류지의 녹조 제어 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 완전혼합연속반응기로 모형화한 호소를 총인과 엽록소-a의 농도를 예측하였다. 정상상태일 때 총인과 엽록소-a 농도는 각각 $0.29\;/m^3$과 $4.0\;g/m^3$를 나타났고 실측치와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 비정상상태에서 종말폐수방류수가 최소유량 또는 최대유량으로 소류지로 유입될 때 시간경과에 따른 총인과 엽록소-a 농도 변화를 예측하였다. 또한, 현재 심각한 부영양화 단계에 있는 소류지를 중영양 또는 빈영양 단계로 전환하기 위해 소류지로 유입되는 총인부하량 ($L_p$)과 호소깊이/체류시간 ($H/{\tau}w$)값의 변화를 통해 현실적으로 적용 가능한 제어방법을 제안하였다. 이와 같은 분석기법이 소류지내 총인농도의 제어전략을 수립하기에 적합한 도구로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.542-547
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• 2001

A non-intrusive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence(PLIF) technique was applied to study the turbulent mixing process in a Rushton turbine reactor. Instantaneous and ensemble averaged concentration fields are obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B tracer excited by a thin Nd:Yag laser sheet illuminating the whole center plane of the stirred tank. The gray level images captured by a 14-bit cooled CCD camera can be transformed to the local concentration values using a calibration matrix. The dye injection point was selected at the tank wall with three quarter height (3/4H) from the tank bottom to observe the mixing characteristics in upper bulk flow region. There exist distinct two time scales: the rapid decay of mean concentration in each region after the dye infusion reflects the large scale mixing while the followed slow decay reveals the small scale mixing. The temporal change of concentration probability functions conjectures the two sequential processes in the batch type mixing. An inactive column of water existed above the impeller disk, in which the fluid rotates with the shaft but is isolated from the mean bulk flow.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2002

A non-intrusive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence(PLIF) technique was applied to study the turbulent mixing process in a Rushton turbine reactor. Instantaneous and ensemble averaged concentration fields was obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B tracer excited by a thin Nd:Yag laser sheet illuminating the whole center plane of the stirred tank. The gray level images captured by a 14-bit cooled CCD camera could be transformed to the local concentration values using a calibration matrix. The dye injection point was selected at the tank wall with three quarter. height (3/4H) from the tank bottom to observe the mixing characteristics in upper bulk flow region. There exist distinct two time scales: the rapid decay of mean concentration after the dye infusion reflects the large scale turbulent mixing while the fellowed slow decay reveals the small scale molecular mixing. The temporal change of concentration variance field conjectures the two sequential processes for the batch type mixing. An inactive column of water is existed above the impeller disk, in which the fluid rotates with the shaft but is isolated from the mean bulk flow.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1989

A synthetic wastewater composed of powdered baby food and inorganic nutrients was treated by five 3.6L anaerobic reactors in order to test the relationship between solids retention time (SRT) and media surface ratio, and the removal efficiencies of organic substrate. Of the five reactors, four were semi-continuously fed stirred-tank reactors and one continuously-stirred batch reactor. The influent was 7430mg/L in COD, 7120 mg/L $BOD_L$ and 6350mg/L in $BOD_5$, respectively. Operating temperature was $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and pH in the range 6.9 to 7.2. In this experimental study it was found that a linear relationship existed, within the experiment range, between SRT and media surface ratio, and that SRT and removal efficiency increased with increasing media surface ratio. The substrate removal efficiencies were 82.7 to $88.2\%$ in COD, 82.9 to $88.4\%$ in $BOD_L$ and 83.3 to $88.7\%$ in $BOD_5$, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.612-620
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• 2016

산화 칼슘 수용액을 통해 이산화탄소를 포집하는 수성 광물 탄산화 공정은 안정적으로 이산화탄소를 고립시킬 뿐 아니라 생성물의 부가 가치를 기대할 수 있는 대표적인 CCU (Carbon Capture & Utilization) 기술이다. 이 공정의 핵심은 고체 반응물인 산화칼슘의 용해 속도를 최대로 높이는 것인데, 이를 위해 반응기 전체에 고체 반응물이 균일하게 분포되도록 혼합하는 적절한 반응기의 설계가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 하루에 40ton의 이산화탄소 포집이 가능한 파일럿 규모의 광물 탄산화 반응기를 대상으로, 반응기의 내부 구조 설계에 따라 고체 반응물의 분산도가 어떻게 변하는지에 대해 전산 유체 역학적 모델링(Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling)을 통해 연구하였다. 교반 탱크 반응기(stirred tank reactor) 형태를 기반으로 외부 구조는 고정한 상태에서 교반기의 종류/갯수/지름/유격/회전 속도, 칸막이의 높이/너비를 변수로 선정하여 다양한 조합의 경우(case)들을 해석하였다. 각 설계 변수에 대한 민감도를 분석함으로써 각 변수의 영향을 파악하고, 중요한 변수를 판별할 수 있었다. 동시에 고체 부피 분율(solid volume fraction)의 높이 방향 표준 편차가 0.001에 가까운 균일한 분포를 만들 수 있는 내부 설계안을 제안하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1996

Since biosynthesis of lignin peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was known to be sensitive to shear, it is interesting to understand the effects of the shear sensitivity for the overproduction of lignin peroxidase. In stirred-tank fermentor, the shear-sensitivity in lignin peroxidase biosynthesis was quantified by using Kolmogorov length scale. It was found that agitation at 80$\mu$m Kolmogorov length scale is advantageous for the production of lignin peroxidase from P. chrysosporium. To overcome the shear sensitivity in lignin peroxidase biosynthesis caused by the agitation,P. chrysosporium was immobilized on various solid carriers. The nylon-immobilized P. chrysosporium was chosen in the present study as a way to overcome the shear sensitivity at the ranges of above 50$\mu$m Kolmogorov length scale. The adhesion force between immobilized cell and carrier can be predicted by thermodynamic approach and used as a criteria to select an adequate carrier materials for immobilization.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.669-681
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• 2006

In this work, a new method of design adaptive controllers for SISO systems based on multiple models and switching is presented. The controller selects the model from a given set, according to a switching rule based on output prediction errors. The goal is to design, at each sample instant, a predictive control law that ensures the robust stability of the closed-loop system and achieves the best performance for the current operating point. At each sample the proposed control scheme identifies a set of linear models that best characterizes the dynamics of the current operating region. Then, it carries out an automatic reconfiguration of the controller to achieve the best possible performance whilst providing a guarantee of robust closed-loop stability. The results are illustrated by simulations a nonlinear continuous and stirred tank reactor.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1997

In this paper, we present a GP-PID(Generalized Predictive PID) controller which has the same structure as a generalized predictive control with steady-state weighting. The proposed controller can perform better than the conventional PID controller because it includes intrinsic delay-time compensator. The PID tuning parameters and delay-time compensator are calculated by equating the two degree of freedom PID to a linear form of GPC. The proposed controller is combined with a supervisor for safe start and self-tuning. GP-PID controller has been tested for various numerical models and an experimental stirred tank heater. As a result, it was observed that the proposed controller shows a satisfactory performance for variable delay as well as stochastic disturbance.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.886-889
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• 2017

An active Fault Tolerant Model Predictive Control (FTMPC) using Fuzzy scheduler is developed. Fault tolerant Control (FTC) system stages are broadly classified into two namely Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) and fault accommodation. Basically, the faults are identified by means of state estimation techniques. Then using the decision based approach it is isolated. This is usually performed using soft computing techniques. Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) system classifies the faults. After identification and classification of the faults, the model is selected by using the information obtained from FDI. Then this model is fed into FTC in the form of MPC scheme by Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy scheduler. The Fault tolerance is performed by switching the appropriate model for each identified faults. Thus by incorporating the fuzzy scheduled based FTC it becomes more efficient. The system will be thereafter able to detect the faults, isolate it and also able to accommodate the faults in the sensors and actuators of the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) process while the conventional MPC does not have the ability to perform it.