• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.78-96
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• 2005

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate whether costs are 'sticky' -that is, whether costs increase more when revenues rises than they decrease when revenues falls by an equivalent amount by using the financial data fromf korean general hospital Financial data used in this study were obtained from the Database of Korean Health Industry Development Institute and analyzed using multiple regression model in dummy variables. The main results of this study are as follows: First, we found, for 69 Korean general hospitals for 3 years(2000~2002), that total hospital costs, hospital labor costs, hospital administrative costs were sticky, these costs provided strong support for the sticky costs hypothesis 1, but hospital material costs were shown to be proportional to sales revenues. Second, this results provided strong support for the hypotheses that the' degree of stickiness was lower in sales revenues declining that were preceded by revenue-declining periods (hypothesis 2-1), and that stickiness was less pronounced in a second successive year of revenue decline(hypothesis 2-2). Third, this results provided strong support for the hypothesis(hypothesis 3) that stickiness was greater hospitals that employ relatively more people to support their sales revenues(hypothesis 4) that stickiness was greater for hospital that used relatively more assets to support their sales revenues. After all, a managerial implication of this study was that sticky cost, for the general hospital, could be recognized and controlled.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2023

This study investigates the relationship between firm's cost behavior and the managerial strategic deviation. Firms which intend to reduce uncertainty and improve viability for future performance tend to implement managerial strategies similar to peer firms in the same industry. Since the managerial decisions affect firm's cost behavior, the strategic deviation including operations different from others would be associated with cost behavior distinct from peer firms. On firms listed on Korean Security Exchange and KOSDAQ markets from 2002 to 2017, the analysis show the results that the firm's strategic deviation is positively associated with cost-downward rigidity, indicating that the management strategy affects the cost behavior. Also, it means that corporate managers who choose a strategy that deviates from peer firms are less likely to adjust their resource even when sales decrease. This study is meaningful in expanding the literature on the determinants of cost behavior by analyzing the effect of the management strategy's characteristics of strategic deviation on cost behavior.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

Purpose - This research intends to find out whether R&D cost stickiness shows differentiated aspects depending on exports in Korea. A cost behavior that indicates a lower rate of costs decrease when sales decrease than the rate of costs increase when sales increase is called cost stickiness. This sticky cost behavior is caused by considering the adjusting costs. This study aims to empirically verify that R&D cost stickiness is greater in export firms than in non-export firms. We also investigate the effect of exports on R&D cost stickiness is nonlinear. Design/methodology - We obtain data for the analysis from Kis-Value and TS2000 from 2012 to 2020. This study tests for R&D cost stickiness of exports using the cost stickiness model developed by Anderson et al. (2003) that is used in a lot of prior literature. To explore the nonlinear behavior of R&D cost stickiness we include a quadratic term of exports in our model. Findings - The results of our analysis are as follows. First, we observed that R&D costs of export firms are more sticky than that of non-export firms. Our result indicated that export firms are less likely to reduce R&D costs in decreasing sales periods in preparation for future sales recovery. Second, our empirical evidence shows that export firms view R&D costs much favorably. However, we hypothesize that the effect of export intensity on R&D costs may not necessarily be linear. Our result shows the effect of exports intensity on R&D stickiness is thus nonlinear, forming a reverse U-shaped curve. When export intensity exceeds a certain threshold, the growth rate of R&D costs appears to be viewed negatively. Firms with relatively high export intensity do not support R&D costs, viewing them as taking away firms' resources from other more productive costs. On the contrary, those with export intensity under the threshold view R&D costs as beneficial and therefore promote further R&D costs when revenue decreases. Originality/value - The results of this research can contribute academically to the expansion of empirical research on R&D cost stickiness. R&D cost stickiness varies by industry. As a result of our research, the managers of export firms recognize the importance of R&D to lead innovation. We expected that this research contributes to further studies on R&D costs and cost stickiness. Second, this research has implications from a business perspectives. Our findings of export firms' R&D stickiness suggest that export firms' managers should consider keeping the stickiness of R&D when revenue decreases because it is essential for exporting firms to maintain their R&D stickiness to secure long-term competitiveness. R&D stickiness can be used on a practical basis to emphasize the need for continuous investment in exporting firms' R&D activities.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

Purpose - If control-ownership disparity is large, managers will not actively reduce costs; rather, they will maintain unutilized resources or possess surplus resources even when sales decrease with the purpose of increasing personal utility from status, power, compensation, and prestige. These managers' utility maximizing tendencies cause cost stickiness. We examine whether asymmetric behavior related to costs becomes stronger when there is a large disparity between ownership and control rights. Research design, data, and methodology - We construct a regression model to examine the relationship between control-ownership disparity and cost stickiness. STICKY, a dependent variable representing cost stickiness is a value found using the method of Weiss (2010), and Disparity is an interest variable that shows control-ownership disparity. Results - This study is based from the unique situations in Korea, in which high control-ownership disparity is common in firms. Large control-ownership disparity was found to increase cost stickiness of corporations. Conclusions - The results of this study imply that controlling shareholders may be regarded as a threat to the interests of minority shareholders and corporate values especially when controlling shareholders have significant influence over managers or the power to make managerial decisions as owners of a corporation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

비대칭적 원가행태가 발생하는 원인에 관한 연구는 크게 두 가지로 흐름으로 구분된다. 하나는 경영자의 기대적 관점이고 다른 하나는 대리인 관점에서 이를 설명한다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구의 두 가지 관점을 확장하여 기업의 비대칭적 원가행태를 결정하는 요인이 무엇인지 구체적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 먼저 경영자의 낙관적 기대오류가 비대칭적 원가행태에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 다음으로 경영자지분율이 높은 상황의 기업지배구조가 비대칭적 원가행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 기업은 하방탄력적 구조의 비대칭적 원가행태를 가진다. 둘째, 미래 수요에 대한 경영자의 낙관적 기대오류를 가진 기업은 이러한 비대칭적 원가행태가 완화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 경영자의 낙관주의가 기업의 원가의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 의미한다. 셋째, 경영자지분율이 높은 기업 역시 비대칭적 원가행태가 완화됨을 확인하였다. 이는 경영자의 원가의사결정에 지배구조가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 알려주는 실증적 결과라 하겠다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.177-191
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• 2020

본 연구는 프랜차이즈 경영자의 사적 효용 동기에서 비롯된 자기과시적 성향이 기업의 원가행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 검정하고자 하였다. 연구 문제를 해결하기 위해 국내 프랜차이즈 경영자의 자기과시적 성향에 대한 대용치를 개발하고 이들 특성 변수를 그룹화하여 그룹별 독립변수가 영업비용인 종속변수에 미치는 영향을 다중회귀모형을 이용하여 비교·분석하였다. 연구 결과, 프랜차이즈 경영자의 자기과시적 성향은 매출 감소 시 영업비용의 하방경직성을 강화시키게 되고, 자기과시적 성향이 커질수록 하방경직성은 더욱 강화되어 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 수행되지 않았던 프랜차이즈 경영자의 갑질 행위 등의 자기과시적 성향에 대한 대용치를 개발하여 향후 프랜차이즈 경영자에 대한 연구를 강화하고, 기업의 영업비용에 미치는 경영자의 자기과시적 속성의 영향을 확인함으로써 예비창업자, 가맹점주, 투자자 등의 프랜차이즈 이해관계자에게 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2011

This paper reviewed the following subheadings and a few selected references in each section were discussed: ${\cdot}$ Sealant placed over caries; is it possible? Initial caries which is not sticky during proving is possible to be placed with sealants. ${\cdot}$ Prophylaxis of fissure; which method is most effective? Mechanical preparation with fissurotomy or resin polishing bur is one of the most effective method to clean the pit and fissure. ${\cdot}$ Glassionomer cement as a sealant; GIC, wheather it released fluoride or not, cannot be as cost-effective as resin-based sealants. ${\cdot}$ Sealant products; Color(white vs opaque), fluoride(containing vs not), filler component(filled vs non-filled) do not influenced the quality and retention of sealants. ${\cdot}$ Use of intermediate bonding agent to improve retention; Intermediate bonding may increase the retention rate of sealants ${\cdot}$ Penetration method of sealants; Several methods including waiting before light curing are recommended.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.316-323
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• 1995

A vital step in magnetic tape manufacturing is the surface modification of polymer substrate prior to ink application. A critical element for good adhesion of magnetic ink on polymeric substrate is the ability to join ink in cost-effective manner. Corona discharging is one of the effective methods of modifying polymer surface to improve adhesion while maintaining the desirable properties of the film itself. Surface treatment by corona which is exposure of film surface to electron or ion bombardment, rather than mere exposure to active species, like atomic oxygen or ozone, can enhance adhesion by removing contaminant, electret, roughening surface, and/or introducing reactive chemical groups. Reactive neutrals, ions, electron and photons generated during the corona treatment interact simultaneously with polymers to alter surface chemical composition, wettability, and thus film adhesion. However, it is highly recommended that extensive chains scission be avoided because it can lead to side-effect by forming sticky matter, resulting in dropouts. This paper reviews principles of surface preparation of polymer substrate by corona discharging. In addition, the experimental section provides a description of parameter optimization on corona discharging treatment and its side-effect. Experimental results are discussed in terms of surface wetting as determined by contact angle measurements.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.53-73
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• 2003

This paper is to analyze the past and present consumption pattern of fishes aquacultured in marine waters and thus to draw the policy direction to enhance the competitiveness of marine fish aquaculture in Korea. At present, the volume of meat consumption is surveyed to be more than that of marine fish, but it is revealed that fish consumption will become more increasing in the future according to the rise of the income. The survey shows that the consumption of fish is highest in the fall, and among the various patterns of consumption, live fish, so-called susi, is surveyed to be highly dominant. It is revealed that fish is enjoyed because of the special savor, diverse nutrients, and the prevention of adult diseases. Natural fish Is revealed to be more preferred to aquacultured one due to the sticky flesh quality and the low probability of the remained after the production process antibiotics, so that it is necessary to enhance the taste quality and make a clean cultivation to capture more market demand. Consumption of high-quality fish seems to become high in more than middle class and consumption of fish are estimated to increase in the future, more than that of meat if income level of the people increases. Also, if we try to make our high-quality fish become popular among the public and competible with the imported fish from abroad, it is recommended that they must lower production price by cost reduction and try to differentiate it by taste and environmental safety, etc. It was revealed that the significant factor in demand function for fish is income and it is almost the only factor affecting that demand. Also, it was revealed that the most significant factor affecting preference of fish is income and it Is almost the only factor affecting the preference. Therefore, we can ascertain that if proper goods can be distributed, demand for and preference of fish may increase according to the increase of income in the future.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

본 연구는 토마토 유기재배 시 발생하는 주요 해충인 온실가루이와 담배가루이에 대해 친환경적인 방제방법을 개발하기 위해서 수행했다. 특히 담배가루이는 토마토에서 가장 문제가 되고 있는 황화잎말림바이러스의 매개충이다. 가루이류는 바이러스의 매개충일 뿐 아니라 토마토를 흡즙하게 되면 생육이 저조해지며 감로분비에 의한 그을음병을 유발한다. 현재 친환경적인 방법으로 황색점착트랩, 황온점벌, 지중해이리응애 등을 사용하는 방법이 있으나 사용적기를 놓치거나 하우스 환경이 천적에 적합하지 않으면 좋은 결과를 볼 수 없는 문제가 있다. 이번 연구에서 곤충들에 페르몬의 역할을 하는 올레산을 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm, 4,000ppm 고압분무기를 활용하여 3회 처리한 결과 2,000ppm 76%, 4,000ppm 84%의 높은 방제가를 보였으며 2,000ppm처리와 4,000ppm 처리 간에 유의성은 없었다. 가루이 방제에 기존에 사용되고 있는 님오일 1,500ppm과 dinotefuran 50ppm을 비교 시험한 결과 올레산 2,000ppm의 가루이 방제가가 82%로 가장 높았으며 님오일 1500ppm과 dinotefuran 50ppm은 각각 75%의 방제가를 보였으며 유의성은 없었다. 경제적 측면으로 보게 되면 10a 1회 방제시 님오일은 20,150원이 소요되는 반면 올레산은 3,180원이 소요되어 경제적으로는 올레산을 활용하는 것이 유리하다고 할 수 있다. 이상의 방제시험으로 토마토 유기농재배에서 올레산을 이용한 경제적인 가루이 방제방법을 제시할 수 있었다.