• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1985

This study is to furnish basic data for making appropriate and comfortable pillow. This research was carried out in reference to 260 males and 339 females whose ages are above 20 in Daegu, from Aug. 1. 1984 to Oct. 15. 1984. RESULTS : 1. In the shape of pillow, the western style is more used than Korean style. 2. The mean size, 50.9$\times$29.1 cm, of pillows is too small for the preceding studies of which, the most comfortable size is 65$\times$45 cm. 3. The mean height, 10.1 cm, of pillows is much higher than the appropriate height, 5.0$\pm$1cm, in the preceding studies. 4. The mean weight, 1587g, of pillows seems to be too heavy. 5. The most used stuffing of pillows is fascicular fibers, the second chaff, the third husks of buckweat, the fourth sponge, and then feather, 6. Considering of pillow-slip material, 68.8% of pillows consist o synthetic fiber.7. The mean compression rate 14.5% is much lower than the comfortable compression rate 40~50 in the preceding studies. 8. Considering the way obtainment, ready-made articles are more used than the domestic-made articles. 9. The same pillows are used throughout for seasons, and that seems not to be appropriate because climate is changeable according to seasons in our country. 10. The sterilization by sunlight is rarely carried out and that is unhygienic because pillows used to absord much of sweat during using time.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 1986

During the past decade great advance has been made in contraceptive technology. The development and subsequent modification of oral steroid contraceptive together with the improved design of other contraceptives have tremendously altered the contraceptive practise of complete throughout the world. At the present time one of most complex issue is the population explosion. In Korea the population growth rate is remarkably decreased from 3% in 1960s to 1.7% in 1984. Increasing proportion of women practising family planning and improved contraceptive methods have contributed on remarkable reduction of fertility rate. But still about half of married women not involved in family planning practise. One of the reasons why that so many women haven't participated in family planning should be undesirable side effects or inconvenience of currently available contraceptives. So we need more research to develop newer, safer and more effective contraceptive to solve the problems. According to recent report on the family planning program achievement in Korea, sterilization (male and female) is most popular, leading contraceptive method (330 cases/1000 fertile persons) and the I.U.D. (167.5/1000), condom (132.9/1000) and oral pill (61.1/1000) were followed by in the order of favorite choice of contraceptive (KIPH, Family planning evaluation report, 1984; KIPH Family plan Service Statistics, 1981-1984). In present paper the present status and knowledge of contraceptives will be summarized.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.730-734
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• 2019

Cryopreservation is one of the ideal and suitable methods for long-term storage of plant germplasm. The plant contaminated with diseases and pathogens are decreased the multiplication rate, survival rate and high quality of plants after cryopreservation. The aim of this work was to improve a micropropagation method for lily in Korea, which is indigenous plant. In the last process of rinsing scales after surface-sterilization, we tried to control the diseases and pathogens lived within the tissue by rinsing in 0.03% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) instead of sterile distilled water. Bulb scales of Lilium were cultured in vitro on MS medium supplemented with Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM). The results showed that L. tsingtauense accessions were observed ranged from 53.9 to 100% with a mean value of 76.8% and L. hansonii accessions were checked from 84.5 to 85.5% with a mean of 85% survival rate. The newly small bulb formed from bulb-scales was transferred to MS medium. We checked the presence of microorganisms and survival rate after 3 weeks in culture after examination of bacterial incidences. The results indicated that the non-contamination rate were shown ranged from 75.0 to 94.1% with mean value of 83.2% in L. tsingtauense species, and that L. hansonii were observed 85.1 to 91.7% with mean value of 88.4%. This study will provide a valuable basis for establishment of effective axenic cultures for in vitro micropropagation of Korean native lily species.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

Purpose: This is a clinical experimental study aimed to provide basic data to ensure quality care. The purpose of this study is to increase nurses hand washing behavior and decrease respiratory isolation rate of MRSA. Method: This study was conducted in Kangnam St. Marys hospital. The subjects included 5 nurses working at the NS ICU and 165 specimen for nasal swabs and 46 specimen for sputum cultures from 106 patients admitted to the NS ICU. The data were collected from June to September 2000. Results: 1.The percentage of the nurses hand washing was 15.6percent but was improved to 46.5 percent after the educational intervention. In particular, hand washing behavior was increased in situations such as after suctioning, before parenteral nutrition, and after providing hygiene care. 2. Results of nasal swab showed that MRSA isolation rate was reduced from 42.8 percent before the education to 18.6percent after the education. The sputum culture results also showed that the MRSA rate was reduced from 40.7percent before the education to 34.6percent after the education. Conclusion: The findings showed the nurses' strict hand washing behavior and use of disposable gloves and paper towers as well as use of hand sterilization spray by visitors or families can decrease the MRSA isolation rate in the NS ICU patients. Since the NS ICU patients may have respiratory complications due to long-term hospitalization, the nurses regular hand washing is important enough to be emphasized. Future research should be focused on the impact of nurses' hand washing behavior on the incidence of pneumonia, an iatrogenic infection.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

This study investigated the changes in the quality of minimally processed sliced Deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) during storage at $7^{\circ}C$ in relation to vacuum packing using PE film after the various surface washing treatments. The surface washing treatments resulted in approximately 1~2 log CFU/g reduction of microbial load in the early storage day. After 20 days, the weight loss rate, deterioration rate, hardness, color, total microorganism levels and the coliform count of deodeok washed by ultrasonic wave water was deteriorated rapidly like the control. When measured by the fresh-cut deodeok surface using the video microscope system, washing with chlorine water and electrolyzed water didn't seem to make perceivable quality deterioration during the 10 days at $7^{\circ}C$. The hardness and color maintenance of the product vacuum packaged using PE film after washing with electrolyzed water, was better than that of other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 1982

In order to evaluate the feasibility for the sterilization of Korean red and white ginseng powder by irradiation, red and white ginseng powder (120 mesh) was irradiated by 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 Mrad with $^{60}Co$ irradiator (dose rate: 4000 rad/h). Extraction rate of crude saponins by buthanol and by 50% ethanol were slightly increased according to the irradiation dose (buthanol ex. 1.7%, 50% ethanol ex. 2.6% at 1.0 Mrad irradiation. There are no remarkable changes in HPLC patterns of crude saponins by radiation. It was found that irradiation up to 1 Mrad on Korean ginseng products have no significant effect on proximate component, reducing sugar and amino nitrogen of ginseng powder and on the color density of ginseng extract with 50% ethanol. Irradiation up to 1 Mrad could be utilized for the sterilization of Korean ginseng powder whithout changes of physicochemical properties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1982

Seedling blight of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most serious diseases in Korea. This study was performed to control seedling blight in the field where sesame has been cultured for 4 years of Industrial Crop Division at the Crop Experiment Station. The pathogenic fungi of seedling blight which is known Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectium and Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated to the wheat media and it was spreaded on the experimental field in the concentration of 109 of wheat media mixed with 10g of fine soil. Seed sterilization was the most effective method for seedling blight control for two year experiment. Seed sterilant Benlate-T was highly effective for con trolling seedling blight with infection rate of 4% and yield of 40.7kg per 10a comparing to the control with infection rate of 96% and grain yield of 6.4kg per l0a, the other chemicals, Busan 30, Vitathiram, Captan showed good effect to control seedling blight, but less effect to the Benlate-T. The spraying treatments on leaf surface 25 days after sowing were not effective to seedling blight.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1976

Discoloration of canned boiled oyster namely greening, yellowing and browning often occur separately or associatively in the storage of the product. Greening is mainly caused by the appearance of chlorophyll and its derivatives on the surface around the digestive diverticula of the oyster and yellowing by dispersion of carotenoid. Browning reactions by sugar amino condensation or enzymatic action, tyrosinase, also cause an undesirable color development. In this paper, the stability and the changes in distributional or partitional ratio of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment of meat vs viscera in raw and canned oyster during six month storage in order to measure the dispersion rate of both pigments between meat and viscera, and to evaluate the feasibility of discoloration of oyster meat. The development of brownish pigment and the toss of free tyrosine in oyster were also determined to compare the readiness of color development. In addition the influence of processing and storage conditions to the dispersion rate and the tendency of discoloration, and finally the effect of inhibitor were discussed. The results showed that greening or yellowing was initiated by the dispersion of chlorophyll or carotenoids from viscera to the meat of oyster, and the dispersion rate of carotenoid was much higher than the chlorophyll's, so that, yellowing appeared a leading reaction of discoloration. The dispersion rate was obviously fastened by raising the temperature in the process of sterilization and storage. Consequently, the low temperature storage could largely retard the occurance of yellowing or greening of oyster meat. The pH control of canned oyster did not seem to affect the dispersion of pigment but significantly did on the stability of the piqments. Browning by the reaction of sugar-amino condensation and enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine was positively detected in canned oyster meat. The development of brownish color was influenced rather by the storage temperature than the heating process. Addition of sodium sulfite in can or treating the boiled oyster with sulfite solution prior to filling seemed possibly inhibit the color development particularly in cold-storaged oyster meat.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.630-635
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• 2016

In the prior work, we studied a ballast water treatment apparatus, which is secondary pollution free by using physical treatment of shear stress. The principle of this apparatus is smashing various microorganisms by shear stress generated between stationary outer cylinder and revolving inner cylinder. Because of various magnitude of shear stress according to the inner cylinder surface type and revolution speed, an appropriate surface type and optimum revolution speed should be studied by consecutive experiment to determine the reference data for commercial apparatus. Through a comparative study of disk type and cylinder type of ballast water treatment apparatus, cylinder type is turned out to be superb to disk type. In this study, we studied to determine the superior collaboration of cylinder type, groove type and knurling type of inner cylinder to non patterned outer cylinder, and to optimize the revolution speed and flow rate according to the gap between inner cylinder and outer cylinder. As a result, we could get perfect sterilization effect at groove type under the conditions of 250 mL/min of flow rate at 8,000 rpm and 500 mL/min of flow rate at 10,000 rpm respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 1983

The effects of some soil conditions on the degradation rate and decomposing pattern of thiolix were investigated and the obtained results are summarized as follows: Thiolix degraded more rapidly in flood soils than in noon-flooded, and in wet soils than in dry soils under non-flooded soils. The degradation rates in non-flooded soils increased with higher pesticide concentration. Thiolix was more persistent in non-flooded soils under soil sterelization than under non-sterilization and degraded rapidly in glucose application. The metabolites identified from the soils by TLC and GLC include Thiolix alcohol, Thiolix sulfate, Thiolix ether and a unknown metabolite. Soil enzyme, acid phosphatase activity decreased at higher pesticide concentration, lower moisture contents of soil and the activity in glucose application was increased. Soil enzyme, urease and dehydrogenase activity decreased at higher pesticide concentrations.