• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 1992

Central dopaminergic activity of standardized ginseng extract G115 was investigated in comparison with those induced by haloperidol in rats. The effects of G115 on the locomotor activity and, stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine, which interacts directly with dopamine receptor were observed. Apomorphine(2 mg/kg) significantly decreased locomotor activity, whereas it showed a markdly increased incidence of stereotyped behavior. Standardized ginseng extract G115(100 mg/kg) and haloperidol(1 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in locomotor activity but not induced stereotyped hehavior. Locomotor activity induced by apomorphine was markdly decreased by haloperidol(1 mg/kg), but that was significantly increased by standardized ginseng extract G115(50 mg/kg). Stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine was completely supressed haloperidol(1 mg/kg), but was not changed by standardized ginseng extract G115. These results suggest that standardized ginseng extract G115 plays an important role in central dopaminergic activity, and haloperidol and standardized ginseng extract G115 seem to have a different action in behavior.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2022

목적 : 원격 감각통합 가정프로그램이 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 시각추구와 상동행동에 미치는 효과를 알아 보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동 3명을 대상으로 단일대상연구 대상자간 중다기초선설계로 진행하였으며, 중재는 주 4회씩 4주간 시행되었다. 3명 아동 모두 시각추구와 상동행동 변화를 측정하였다. 결과 : 중재 후 시각추구와 상동행동은 기초선 기간에 비해 평균값이 감소하였다. 시각추구는 중재 전보다 평균 7.59% 감소하였으며 상동행동은 평균 6.81회 감소하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 원격 감각통합 가정프로그램이 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 시각추구와 상동행동에 효과적이라는 점을 확인하였으며, 가정환경에서 보호자가 아동의 중재 과정에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 새로운 중재방법을 제시하고 작업치료사는 아동 중재를 위해 부모와 협력 관계를 만들고 도모해야 함을 강조하고자 한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.311-322
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• 1990

This study primarily attempted to investigate the effects of methamphetamine on stereotyped behavior. Furthermore, an extensive experiment was conducted to examine the cortex methamphetamine concentration and levels of dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in striatum, septum and hypothalamus. Following treatment with 10 mg/kg methamphetamine, stereotyped behavior was observed in 10 minutes. Consequently female rats displayed more intense and longer lasting activity than the male. The concentration of cortex methamphetamine was even higher in female than male. The administration of methamphetamine increased the rate of dopamine turnover-i.e. lower dopamine, higher homovanillic acid in the striatum, septum. The highest rate was found in the striatum. Methamphetamine decreased the levels of serotonin, and its metabolite of 5-indoleacetic acid in the striatum, septum. An intensity in behavioral response was accompanied by an increase in dopamine turnover, a decrease in serotonergic transmission. The reduction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid-i.e. the metabolite of dopamine was due not to the inhibition of monoamine oxidase but to the induction of monoamine oxidase but to the induction of catechol-O-methyltransferase. The phenomenon of biogenic amines by methamphetamine concurred upon the concentration of methamphetamine in the brain. This process preceded stereotyped behavior. After single injection of 10 mg/kg methamphetamine, the levels of biogenic amines recovered within 6 hours.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare the aspects of behavior between miniature pigs and conventional sows during gestation and lactation periods. Miniature pigs and conventional sows at 3 parity were used in this experiment with 4 pigs per treatment. The behavioral patterns and stereotyped behaviors were observed on day 60 and 90 of gestation, at farrowing, and on day 10 of lactation before and after the feeding. On 60 and 90 days of pregnancy, both treatments showed the tendency of frequent lateral lying rather than other postures. On ventral lying, eating and drinking, miniature pigs spent more time than conventional pigs at day 90 of gestation (P<0.01, P=0.0539, P<0.05, respectively). The occurrence of stereotyped behaviors included bar biting and bar mouth chewing. At 90 day of pregnancy was observed, conventional pigs was higher than miniature pigs (P<0.05). At farrowing, miniature pigs spent more time on ventral lying, standing and walking than conventional sows (P<0.05), however, there were more frequency of drinking and eating. And on day 10 of lactation, there was no significant difference in stereotyped behaviors between miniature pigs and conventional sows. In conclusion, miniature pigs were generally more sensitive than conventional sows although sows were reared in stall during gestation and lactation period and the behavioral pattern during lactating period showed the similarity between miniature pigs and conventional sows for protection of nursing pigs. In consideration of the general reproductive performance of conventional sows, the high sensitivity and stress of miniature pigs did not affect the reproductive performance of miniature pigs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the behavioral characteristics of nootropic candidates, entrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, piracetam and red ginseng saponin components on stereotyped sniffing behavior induced by apomorphine in rats. Apomorphine, a direct dopaminergic receptor agonist, induced stereotyped behaviors including sniffing licking growing and biting in a dosedependent manner, and that behaviors were completely inhibited when measured at 1 week after 6-ydroxydopamine(6-HDA) treatment. Centrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, red ginseng total saponin(TS), panaxatriol (PT), and Rg1 enhanced but panaxadiol (PD) inhibited, whereas piracetam and Rb1 were not effective of the sterotyped sniffing behavior induced by apomorphine(1mg/kg). The enhanced stereotyped behavior by centrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, red ginseng total saponin, panaxatriol(PT), and Rg1 seems to have a similarity to entrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamate in modulating of dopaminergic neuroal activity and also my be useful for the nootropic candidates.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to assess the antipsychotic and antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia in mice and rats. The antipsychotic activity of ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia (ERC) was evaluated by observing its effect on amphetamineinduced stereotyped behavior in mice. Effect of ERC was also studied on motor coordination and locomotion in mice. The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea and excretion of sodium and potassium ions in the intestinal secretion in rats and gastrointestinal transit in mice. The ERC inhibited amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour, diminished locomotion and impaired motor coordination. ERC inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhoea, decreased both sodium and potassium excretion in the intestine and decreased gastrointestinal transit. Thus the present study confirms the anti-diarrhoeal activity of Rubia cordifolia. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential of Rubia cordifolia as an antipsychotic.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) among children and adolescents aged between 3 and 18. Methods: The control group consisting of one hundred children and adolescents was recruited from schools and the patient group consisting of forty one children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder were recruited from a hospital. We compared the measurements of both groups. To assess the concurrent validity of the BPI-01, we compared the problem behavior index of the Korean Scale of Independent Behavior-Revised (K-SIB-R) and, to assess the discriminant validity, we compared the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). The Cronbach's alpha of the BPI-01 was measured to assess its reliability. Correlation analyses between the BPI-01 and the other scale were carried out to examine the former's concurrent and discriminant validity. Results: The patient group showed a significantly higher score for all three subscales of the BPI than the control group. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 for the total severity score of the BPI and ranged between 0.67-0.89 for each subscale in the patient group. All subscales of the BPI-01's, i.e., self injurious behavior, stereotyped behavior and aggressive/destructive behavior, were significantly correlated with the corresponding subscales of the K-SIB-R. The BPI-01 generally did not demonstrate any significant correlation with emotional items such as anxiety/depression in the K-CBCL. Especially, the BPI-01's stereotyped behavior subscale showed little correlation with externalizing behaviors such as social problems and aggressive behaviors. Conclusion: This study found that the Korean version of BPI-01 is a reliable and valid behavior rating instrument for problem behavior in developmental disabilities among children and adolescents.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.92-92
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• 1997

Stereotaxic apparatus를 이용하여 흰쥐의 두개골을 천공하여 periaqueductal gray matter에 정확히 cannula를 삽입하여 1일 이상의 방치후 여기로 약물을 투여하여 일군의 동물들은 행동의 변화를 관찰하고, 일군의 동물들은 경동맥에서의 혈압과 심박수의 변화를 관찰한다. 결과: ET-1에 의해 유발된 barrel-rolling은 NMDA receptor-selective antagonist인 MK-801에 의해 유의성있게 억제되었으며, NOS antagonist인 L-NAME과 NO scavenger인 Hemoglobin에 의해서도 유의성 있게 억제되었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 1985

측좌각의 형태학적 특성에 따른 측좌각의 전반부 후반부 그리고 전반부와 후반부를 동시에 파괴하는 3종류의 동물군이 15초간 3.0mA의 직류전류를 통하여 이루어졌다. 자발운동의 관찰에 있어서 측좌각의 전반부 파괴군과 전후반부 동시 파괴군은 현저한 자발운동의 증가를 나타내었으나 후반부 파괴군은 별다른 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 또 한 측좌각 파괴후 나타나는 자발운동의 변화는 파괴후 즉시 나타났으며 약 1주일 경과 후에는 대조군과 유사하게 되었다. 한편, 대조군에서는 메타암페타민의 자발운동 흥분효과가 현저하게 나타났으나 측좌각 파괴군에서는 전반부 후반부 그리고 전후반부 동시파괴군 등 3종류의 파괴군 모두에서 흥분효과가 전혀 나타나지 않았으며 그와 동시에 상동 행동의 발현률이 유의성있게 나타났다. 이상 결과는 측좌각 자발운동에 있어서 억제적으로 작용하나 전반부와 후반부의 역활이 같지 않음을 시사하고 있으며 상동행동의 발현은 측좌각 도파민보다는 선조체 도파인의 기능변화에 기인되는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2008

This study aims to offer basic data for consumer education regarding the use of mobile phones by adolescent consumers in a correct way by researching and analyzing the consumption value and consumption behavior of adolescent consumers for mobile phones to see how they use mobile phone as consumers, which is a serious of user behaviors according to their plan, purchase, use, and disposal. Based on the research results, the study proposes the following in relation to the correct use of mobile phones by adolescent consumers. First, in the purchase or use of mobile phones, a more demonstrative consumption pattern was more likely for males than females and for those who are in higher grades than those who are not. Therefore, it is necessary to offer consumer education given the gender and school year rather than stereotyped consumer education. Second, it is necessary to offer objective information and give consumer education for checking the instant desire for something new in order to prevent an impulsive purchase based upon advertisements given the characteristics of adolescent consumers who prefer new designs or functions. Third, regarding the disposal of mobile phones, it is necessary to seek strategies for recycling mobile phones usefully at an administrative level to prevent mobile phones from being thrown away without being recycled.