• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.83-98
• /
• 2012

The starting point of this study is the concerning of simple behavioral pattern that whoever enters the inner space with taking off his shoes should go out from the position where he laid his shoes. The using of Ondol (floor heating room) and Maru (lifted wood floor) had changed the architectural space from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space, and it also made the behavior of taking off the shoes at the entrance of building and stepping on the lifted floor. This simple behavior has possibility to make lots of changes to the culture of architectural design. With this noticeable point, this paper is talking about the cultural feature of Korean traditional architecture, especially about the influence of tanking off and putting on shoes. The matter of shoes has changed diverse aspects of building and layout planning. It maximized the difference between front and rear part of building and characterized the lateral extension of Korean traditional house. The ritual space also had evolved from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space according to the type of ritual behavioral pattern. The change on the single building level had influenced on the layout planning of architectural complex. For examples, the parallel layout of ChangDeok-gung palace and the long sequential process to the main pavilion of Buddhist temple are the result of the matter of shoes. And NuGak(樓閣), the double-storied pavilion, on the axis of entering sequence's node is one of the unique planning elements that makes possible to go through the building without taking off the shoes and also makes upper level space for staying. In short, Korean traditional architecture that has the chair-sitting spatial origin of the East Asian cultural sphere has pursued new architectural issues and planning methods according to evolution to the floor-sitting culture.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.714-722
• /
• 2018

This paper presents a wide-range speed control scheme of brushless DC (BLDC) motors based on a hall sensor with separated low- and normal-speed controllers. However, the use of the hall sensor signal is insufficient to detect motor speed in the low-speed region because of low sensor resolution and time delay. In the proposed method, a micro-stepping current control method according to the torque angle variation is presented. In this mode, the motor current frequency and rotating angle are determined by the reference speed without the actual speed fed by the hall sensor. The detected torque angle is used to adjust the current value in a limited band to control the current value in accordance with the load. The torque angle is detected exactly at the changing point of the hall sensor signal. The rotor can follow the rotating flux with the variable torque angle. In a normal speed range, the conventional vector control scheme is used to control the motor current with a PI speed controller using the hall sensor. The torque characteristics are analyzed on the basis of the back EMF and current shape. To adopt the vector control scheme, the continuous rotor position is estimated by the measured speed and hall sensor position. At the mode changing point between low and normal speed range, the proper initial current command and reference rotor position are calculated. The calculated current command can reduce the torque ripple during transient mode. The proposed method is simple but effective in extending the speed control range of a conventional BLDC motor with hall sensor without the need for a high-resolution encoder. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by various experiments on a practical BLDC motor.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.533-544
• /
• 2023

농림축산식품부는 농촌 중심지의 기능(문화·복지·경제·교육 등)을 강화하고, 중심지의 서비스가 배후마을로 전달되어 연계시키는 정책을 추진해왔다. 이러한 정책목적을 위해 일반농산어촌개발사업 내 농촌중심지활성화사업, 기초생활거점조성사업을 추진중에 있지만 실제 사업을 추진하는 과정에서 농촌 중심지의 기능 강화에 초점이 맞춰져 배후마을과의 서비스 전달 및 연계 등은 활성화되고 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 무주군 적상면에서 기 수행했던 사업과 지역현황을 분석하여 배후마을 서비스가 연계 및 활성화되지 못한 이유를 분석하여 앞으로 수행하게될 기초생활거점조성 2단계사업의 추진방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 배후마을 서비스가 활성화되지 못한 원인을 분석한 결과, 농촌의 분산거주 및 지형구조의 한계성으로 나타나는 서비스 접근의 불리함과 배후지역의 수요 발굴을 위한 서비스 전달 체계의 미확보 등이 문제점으로 나타났으며 그에 따른 개선방안을 다음과 같이 도출하였다. 첫 번째로, 지형적 한계를 극복하고자 제안한 디딤거점 조성계획이다. 서비스 중간 터미널 기능을 담당할 디딤거점을 설정하여 효율적인 서비스전달이 이루어지도록 한다. 두 번째로, 합리적 의사결정구조를 위해 중심지 및 배후마을 주민 그리고 다양한 계층이 포함된 주민위원회의 효율적 구성과 함께 다양한 소규모 커뮤니티를 운영하여 지역의 견을 촘촘하게 수렴할 수 있는 소통창구 배치계획을 제안하였다. 세 번째로, 지역주민을 전문강사로 양성하는 선순환 지역인력 양성계획이다. 서비스 전달에서 가장 중요한 서비스 전달자, 즉 활동가를 양성하여 지속 가능한 주민 주도 서비스 공급체계를 완성하고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제21호
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 1999

A museum architecture has been developed as important representation of a specific period in architectural history. Modern concept of museum architecture has started by Karl Fredrich van Schinkel(1781-1841) through das Altes Museum(1823-1830) back in early 20th century and it continues to be the model for museum architecture for over 30 years. By middle of the 20th century, the movement of redefining new model for the new era on the subject of museum architecture was developed. This development was lead by the three masters of the modern architecture at the time. F.L. Wright, Corbusier, Mies and they were responsible and very active in creating new concepts. Their works in museum design became the prototype and they tried hard to make sure their new concepts to be the stepping stone for further development. This study is to compare the three different museums designed by those masters of the modern architecture, particularly on the issue of the exhibition spaces. The purpose of the study will be focused on the point of interior architecture such as the matters of layout and design characteristics of the exhibition spaces. And it will reveal the impact made by those masters on the advanced development of the current generations of museum designers as well as to describe the prototype of exhibition space. The analyzation was done on FLW's Guggenheim Museum in New York, Corbusier's the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo, and Mies' Die Neue National Galerie in Berliv. Comparable materials were collected through site visits and reference documents from various publications. It will be ideal if this study can be used for further development in new museum design in this country.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.57-71
• /
• 2007

While a concept on biotop or the urgency of its classification systems have been under discussion recently, this study aims to examine outdoor biotop classification systems for environment-friendly community. To this end, the feasibility of creating a biotop in the community and application elements were generated and biotops were classified and categorized. Then, elements that can be applied in consideration of traditional Korean techniques were generated and biotop classification systems and specific components in residential areas were reviewed. As for the result of this study, based on a preliminary draft prepared through literature review, considerations for biotop classification systems were taken into account. Then, based on classification criteria for biotop formats, biotop functions and biotop types, a second-tier classification system was developed. Criteria for biotop formats included surfaces, lines and points while criteria for biotop functions were large cores, small bases, corridors, stepping stones and ecological islands. Criteria for habitat types were divided to include natural forest, developed green areas, lacustrine wetland, palustrine wetland, shrubs, grasslands, linear habitats, vacant plots and practical green areas, which were sub-categorized. As for the biotop classification system, macro-classification divided biotops into three types-space, line and point-based on biotop formats. Meso-classification had five groups and micro-classification had 21 groups based on habitat types. Future studies should focus on the ecological features of each biotop categories generated in this study and their creation and management techniques to find many practical methods to create, protect and manage outdoor biotop for environment-friendly community.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.1225-1230
• /
• 2017

3D 프린터는 산업용을 중심으로 성장해 왔으나 최근 경제 효과 및 기술 발달로 인한 원가 절감 등으로 인해 개인용 3D 프린터 시장의 성장이 가속화되는 추세이다. 그러나 현재 보급되고 있는 3D 개인용 프린터는 조형 속도, 크기, 정밀도 등의 한계점에 따라 소비자 만족도가 매우 낮은 편이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 개인용 3D 프린터의 기술적 한계를 극복하기 위해 LSU를 이용한 SLA 방식의 3D 프린터를 제안하였다. 그리고 핵심 기능을 담당하는 스캐닝 기구부의 동작을 확인하기 위해 스테핑 모터를 이용한 조형판의 이동 및 레이저 출력 테스트를 시행하였다. 해당 테스트를 통해 레이저 동작 및 제어가 가능한지 확인하였으며 아울러 레이저 모듈과 폴리곤 미러를 사용하여 X축에 일정한 점이 출력됨을 확인하였다. 제안하는 3D프린터는 정밀도와 제조 속도를 개선하여 기존의 보급 형 3D프린터를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 2007

In this paper we have provided an extensive survey of the databases and other resources related to the current research in bioinformatics and the issues that confront the database researcher in helping the biologists. Initially we give an overview of the concepts and principles that are fundamental in understanding the basis of the data that has been captured in these databases. We briefly trace the evolution of biological advances and point out the importance of capturing data about genes, the fundamental building blocks that encode the characteristics of life and proteins that are the essential ingredients for sustaining life. The study of genes and proteins is becoming extremely important and is being known as genomics and proteomics, respectively. Whereas there are numerous databases related to various subfields of biology, we have maintained a focus on genomic and proteomic databases which are the crucial stepping stones for other fields and are expected to play an important role in the future applications of biology and medicine. A detailed listing of these databases with information about their sizes, formats and current status is presented. Related databases like molecular pathways and interconnection network databases are mentioned, but their full coverage would be beyond the scope of a single paper. We comment on the peculiar nature of the data in biology that presents special problems in organizing and accessing these databases. We also discuss the capabilities needed for database development and information management in the bioinformatics arena with particular attention to ontology development. Two research case studies based on our own research are summarized dealing with the development of a new genome database called Mitomap and the creation of a framework for discovery of relationships among genes from the biomedical literature. The paper concludes with an overview of the applications that will be driven from these databases in medicine and healthcare. A glossary of important terms is provided at the end of the paper.

• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.109-139
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 미국과 한국의 오픈 소스 소프트웨어(OSS) 기업의 사례를 중심으로 기존 기술추격이론이 지식 집약적인 OSS 산업에서도 적용되는 지를 분석하고 후발기업들이 기술추격의 발판을 마련할 시사점을 연구하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여, 국내 SW 기업들의 인터뷰와 미국 SW 기업들의 기록문서 분석 및 2차 출처들의 검토를 통한 실증적 연구를 수행하였으며, 패러다임의 변곡점 판별과 기술체제의 비교라는 분석의 틀을 이용하여 소프트웨어(SW) 기업의 기술추격 과정을 연구하였다. 본 연구결과, OSS 기업의 기술추격을 설명하는데 있어 기존 기술추격이론의 이론적 논거가 유효하지 않다고 판별하였고 기술체제의 비교 결과, 후발기업의 기술추격을 효과적으로 촉진하는 유효한 요소들을 파악하였다. 또한 저자들은 OSS 기업의 사례연구 결과를 통하여 탈 추격이론이 주장하는 기존 이론의 제약을 진단하고 OSS 의 낮은 전유성이 역설적으로 기술추격을 촉진하는 새로운 기술 체제에 대한 해석을 논의한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 1999

Human balance is maintained through a complex process involving sensory detection of body motions, integration of sensorimotor information within the central nervous system, and execution of appropriate musculoskeletal responses. The basic task of balance is to position the body center of gravity (COG) over some portion of the support base. When the COG extends beyond the base of support, the person has exceeded the limits of stability (LOS). At this point, a step or stumble is required to prevent a fall. Automatic postural responses operate to keep the COG over the base of support. They are a set of functionally organized, long-loop responses that act to keep the body in a state of equilibrium. There are four commonly identified automatic postural responses, or strategies. These are ankle strategy, hip strategy, suspensory (knee) strategy, and stepping strategy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the LOS using various knee strategies. Forty subjects participated in this study. The subjects were comprised of 20 males and 20 females who were without neurologic, orthopaedic or balance performance impairments. The LOS was measured with a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) Dataprint Software Version 5.3. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Knee joint angle which is to increase stability of standing balance with using knee strategy was at mid-range. 2) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior LOSs according to the knee strategy. 3) There were no statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOSs according to the knee strategy. 4) There were statistically significant differences of anteroposterior LOSs with using knee strategy according to gender. 5) There were no statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOSs with using knee strategy according to gender.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2013

Purpose: It is not easy to drive a rice-transplanter avoiding underlapped or overlapped transplanting in paddy fields. An automated guidance system for the riding-type rice-transplanter would be necessary to operate the rice-transplanter autonomously or to assist the beginning drivers as a driving aid. Methods: A prototype of guidance system was composed of embedded computers, RTK-GPS, and a power-steering mechanism. Two Kalman filters were adopted to overcome sparse positioning data (1 Hz) from the RTK-GPS. A global Kalman filter estimated the posture of rice-transplanter every one second, and a local Kalman filter calculated the posture from every new estimation of the global Kalman filter with an interval of 200 ms. A PID controller was applied to the row-following mode control. A control method of U-turning mode was developed as well. A stepping motor with a reduction gear set was used to rotate the shaft of steering wheel. Results: Test trials for U-turning and row-following modes were done in a paddy field after some parameters have been tuned at the ground speed range of 0.3 ~ 1.2 m/s. The minimum RMS error of offset was 3.13 cm at the ground speed of 0.3 m/s while the maximum RMS error was 13.01 cm at 1.2 m/s. The offset RMS error tended to increase as the ground speed increased. The target point distance, LT also affected the system performance and PID controller parameters should be adjusted on different ground speeds. Conclusions: A target angle-based PID controller plus stationary steering angle controller made it possible for the rice-transplanter to steer autonomously by following a reference line accurately and even on U-turning mode. However, as condition in paddy fields is very complicated, the system should control the ground speed that prevents it from deviating too much due to ditch and slope.