• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.19
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• pp.83-99
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• 1975

The earliness to flowering was completely dominant over the lateness, and the short plant height and stem length were partially dominant over the tall. The heavy stem weight, however, was recessive to the light. Heritability values for the flowering period, plant height, dry stem weight and fiber ratio were high, while those of days to initial flowering, stem length and fiber weight were low. Flowering period, plant height, stem weight, dry stem weight and fiber ratio were closely related to fiber weight or fiber yield. The selection index estimated jointly the plant height ($X_1$), dry stem weight($X_2$) and fiber weight($X_3$); that is 0.0020$X_1$-0.0047$X_2$-0.0181$X_3$, was the most efficient one for the selection practices. The plant height was the most reliable character for the increased genetic advances and the relative selection efficiences. Effects of locations and genotype-environment interactions were highly significant in most of the characters investigated.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2000

Excessive soil water in paddy field induces growth losses during the vegetative stages of soybean plants. Our objectives were to know growth responses of soybean as affected by the level of ridge heights. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Korea University near Seoul in 1996. Ten cultivars of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were planted at the ridge heights of 10, 30, and 50cm in paddy soil on 27 June. Total dry matter accumulation at the 10cm ridge height was severely decreased until the growth stage of R5 as compared to the ridge heights of 30 and 50cm, and this decrement was mainly due to both reduced leaf and stem dry weights. However, seed dry weight was not significantly decreased at the lower ridge height with the increment of harvest index. Cultivar differences were found on seed dry weight, crop growth rate from R1 to R5, and leaf/stem ratio of R5. From the above results, soybean growth responses to excessive soil water in paddy field were different between seed filling stage and late vegetative to early reproductive growth stages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.521-530
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• 1994

Voume functions, which are usually expressed by the function of dbh and height, are estimated commonly through the regression analysis with the highest statistical accuracy considered. In Korea, general volume functions for each tree species were prepared by means of the regression analysis with the exponential function ($V=aD^bH^c$) having the dbh(D) and height(H) as independent variables. In this study, regional stem curve functions for the Pinus densiflora in Kangwon-province were derived and a regional volume function model, in which the stem volume can be directly estimated through the rotational integral of the regional stem curve functions, was prepared. The regional volume estimated by the prepared model was more accurate than the volume by the general volume table for the Pinus densiflora in Kangwon-province. Additionary, the form of stem curves derived by the regional stem curve functions showed difference from each other. The stem in Youngwol and Wonju taper down more fast in upper part than that in other regions. These various stem forms also led to the regional difference in volume estimates.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2002

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in chonnam, such as Yosu, Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6% . P205 content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/L, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 % . The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 em stem diameter.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 2000

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in southern part of Korea, such as at Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6%. P$_{2}$O$_{5}$, content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/1, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 %. The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 cm stem diameter.r.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Investigation was carried out on response of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. and Thonn.) to soil, water and light with the view of its domestication and introduction to different ecological regions. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment of $3{\times}3{\times}3$ in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The factors were: soil textural class (Loamy sand, Sand and Sandy clay loam), watering regime (daily, twice a week and once a week) and light intensity (100%, 75% and 50%). Soil textural classes had significant influence on collar diameter, stem height, number of leaflets, root/shoot ratio and relative growth rate of Tetrapleura seedlings. Seedlings grown on loamy sand recorded the highest mean value- 2.28 mm for collar diameter, stem height- 12.9 cm, number of leaflets- 19.9, chlorophyll b- $0.34mg\;mL^{-1}$, leaf relative water content- 27.4% and relative growth rate- $0.037mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. Watering regime had significant influence on the collar diameter of Tetrapleura. Seedlings watered daily recorded the highest mean value- 2.25 mm for collar diameter. Light intensity significantly influenced collar diameter and root/shoot ratio. Seedlings exposed to 100% light intensity recorded higher mean value for collar diameter- 2.28 mm and root/shoot ratio- 1.481 cm. The interaction between soil textural class and light intensity significantly affected collar diameter, stem height and number of leaflets. Higher mean value for collar diameter (2.47 mm) stem height (13.25 cm) and number of leaflets (21.16) were recorded while the interaction between soil textural class, light intensity and watering regime was significant for only number of leaflets. Tetrapleura exhibited some level of tolerance to different soil texture, drought and light intensity. Therefore, Tetrapleura has the potentials to be raised in different ecological zones characterized by difference in soil, rainfall and amount of sunshine.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the changes in growths of tomato and watermelon seedlings and the relationship among growth parameters which are used to evaluate healthy seedling as affected by shading. Plants were grown under 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% shadings using polyethylene films. Leaf area index (LAI) of tomato and grafted watermelon seedlings increased under 50% and 75% shading. Total dry weight decreased with increase of shading level. The growth rates of stem diameter, LAI, total weight were faster under 50% and 75% shading with increase of integral radiation than under 0% and 25% shading. Stem diameters of tomato and grafted watermelon seedlings showed no significant differences among shading regimes. Stem diameters of tomato seedlings had upward tendency with increase of total dry weight and shoot height, but there were no significant differences among shading regimes. Stem diameters of grafted watermelon seedlings had no relationship with shoot height. These results indicate that stem diameter of tomato seedlings is not appropriate for assessing seedlings quality but stem diameter of grafted watermelon seedlings with shoot height is available.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, and 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$. The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the $5^{th}$ year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the $5^{th}$ year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2001

Growth and yield of licorice were investigated under the different conditions of ridge height, planting density, and irrigation in order to establish its cultural practices for the domestic production with the aim to substitute the import. Seedlings were grown under low ridge(20cm) and high ridge(40cm) in low density plot(60$\times$30cm) and high density plot(40$\times$30cm), respectively. The low ridge cultivation of large seedlings increased plant height and root length under low density, and stem and root diameter under high density compared to the high ridge cultivation. In the high ridge cultivation, high density plot was 1.1 to 1.3 times in plant height, root length, stem and root diameter as high as low density one. Fresh and dry weight of plant and root in high ridge were 1.3 to 1.5 times as high as those in low one. The growth of small seedlings(4~10g) were generally poor compared to that of large seedlings. High density plot in low ridge showed the good growth characteristics including plant height, root length, stem and root diameter, and number of branch. High density plot was 1.4 to 1.6 times in fresh and dry weight of plant and root as high as low density plot. In the seasonal changes of growth under various irrigation regimes, the twice irrigation a day produced the more number of leaf than the other regimes since around 46 days after transplanting. The former irrigation resulted in 1.2 to 1.4 times in plant height as long as the other irrigations around 26 days after transplanting and then the difference was increased to 1.6 to 2.0 times around 64 days after transplanting. Under the twice irrigation a day, plant height, root length, stem diameter, root diameter, number of leaf, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight were 1.6 to 2.0, 1.1, 1.2 to 1.6, 1.3 to 1.8, 1.9 to 2.7, 1.7 to 8.0, 1.6 to 2.8,2.0 to 3.0, 1.6 to 2.7 times as high as those under the other irrigation regimes, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of various functional materials such as bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites supplemented to the each substrate on the seedlings growth of cucumber, watermelon and tomato. The seedlings were grown in pots filled with substrates of bioceramic podwers, crushed shell and elvanites. The growth of cucumber seedlings in terms of plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight was promoted by adding the bioceramic. powder (1 to 2g/kg), crushed shells (20 to 80g/kg) or elvanites (20 to 80g/kg). Watermelon seedlings in terms of plant height, number of leaves and leaf area were greater than those of the control by adding bioceramics (1 to 2g/kg). Plant height was also promoted by the adding of bioceramic power from 16 days after treatment. But leaf area was increased from 8 days after treatment, while stem diameter was not affected. Watermelon seedlings were also influenced by adding curshed shells (20 to 80g/kg) and elvanites (20 to 40g/kg) into each substrate. The growth of characteristics of tomato seedlings were promoted by adding 1 to 3g/kg of bioceramics, 10 to 80g/kg of crushed shell or 20 to 40g/kg of elvanites, respectively. Especially, root growth was greatly influenced by bioceramic powder, whereas the shoot growth(leaves and stem) was stimulated by crushed shells and elvanites suppemented into substrate.