• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.584-592
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date on yield component and yield in sprout-soybean. Six sprout-soybean cultivars were planted on three sowing dates in 2000 and 2001. 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds, number of pods per plant, and ratio of empty pods distinct differences between sowing dates and cultivars. All yield components except the 100-seed weight and number of seeds per pod diminished recording where the sowing day will be late. The ratio of pods with two or three seeds was 77.5 from 80.9 percents. The ratio of two-seed pods were affected by sowing date. The yield of soybean of May 25 sowing was 290 kg/10a followed by June 15 and July 5 sowing with 269 kg/10a and 221 kg/10a, respectively Late sowing greatly decreased the yield of Doremikong, while yields of Tawonkong were more a less stable. In 2000, yield showed positive correlation with number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, dry weight, leaf area, and oil content. While yield of 2001 showed positive correlation with number of nodes on main stem, stem thickness, number of pods per plant, dry weight, and leaf area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer level on forage yield and feed value, and to clarify the optimum nitrogen fertilizer level of rye in middle west area when cultured in paddy field. The field experiment treated 5 levels of nitrogen fertilization was carried out at Yesan from Oct. 1990 to June 1991. The fresh and dry weight increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level by 30kg /10a, but dry matter ratio decreased. The ratio of leaf blade and leaf sheath in rye plant increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level, but the ratio of stem and inflorescence decreased. The content and yield per unit area for protein, total digestible nutrient(TDN). Minerals, and energy increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level, while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) decreased. The ratio of available protein among crude protein became higher with increased nitrogen fertilizer level. The optimum clipping time for net energy gain(NEG) and net energy maintenance(NEM) were 10 days earlier than milk stage for conventional items including TDN and proteins.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 1995

In 1994, an abnormal rice growth was observed in a 0.5-ha scale farmer's field located at Chogye-Myeon, Hapcheon-Gun, Gyeongnam Province where rice cv. Hwayeongbyeo was seeded directly in dry paddy field conditions. The major symptoms were less stands per acreage, short leaf length, and hypertrophy of root tip portion. The disorder was identified as rice seeding bight caused by Rhizopus sp. The average plant stand per m2 in the infested field was 108, while it was 375 in the normal field, and leaf growth was retarded to less than one-third of healthy plant. The average leaf lengths of infected and healthy seedlings were 12.8cm and 38.9cm, respectively. When the infected seedlings were transplanted to pots, flooded-soil conditions developed no new root growth but upland conditions allowed 11.2 new roots emerging. The length of newly emerged root in infested soil was 5.3cm in upland and 7.1cm in intermediate flooding conditions. However, it was 10.9cm in non-infested soil with intermediate flooding conditions. When the plants were matured, the stem length of infected plants was reduced slightly as compared to normal plants, whereas the length of panicle was not significantly different between infected and healthy plants. The number of panicle per plant, however, greatly different with variation of infection degree. Grain quality such as the number of complete and incomplete grains per panicle, the complete grain weight per panicle, and the weight of 1000 grains was not significantly different.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.456-463
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of granular type of silicate fertilizer on watermelon growth, yield, and characteristics of soil in the greenhouse. Four different levels of silicate fertilizer, 0(control), 600, 1,200, $1,800kg\;ha^{-1}$ were applied for experiment. The silicate fertilizer was applied as a basal fertilization before transplanting watermelon. Compost and basal fertilizers were applied based on the standard fertilizer recommendation rate with soil testing. All of the recommended $P_2O_5$ and 50% of N and $K_2O$ were applied as a basal fertilization. The N and $K_2O$ as additional fertilization was split-applied twice by fertigation method. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) cultivar was 'Sam-Bok-KKuol and main stem was from rootstock (bottle gourd: Lagenaria leucantha Standl.) 'Bul-Ro-Jang-Sang'. The watermelon was transplanted on April, 15. Soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, EC, available phosphate and exchangeable K, Mg, and available $SiO_2$ levels increased compared to the control, while EC was similar and the concentrations of soil organic matter decreased. Physical properties of soils, such as soil bulk density and porosity were not different among treatments. The growth characteristics of watermelon, such as stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of watermelon at harvest were thicker and heavier for silicate treatment than the control, while number of node was shorter than the control. Merchantable watermelon increased by 3-5% compared to the control and sugar content was 0.4 to $0.7^{\circ}Brix$ higher than the control. These results suggest that silicate fertilizer application in the greenhouse can improve some chemical properties of soils and watermelon stem diameter and dry weight, which are contributed to watermelon quality and marketable watermelon production.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the productivity of 24-year-old Larix leptolepis plantation in the Experimental Forest of Chungbuk National University located in Mt. Worak, Chungchungbuk-do, Korea. Eight plots(l0m x l0m) were established in the larch plantation in the 9th compartment. Eight sample trees were selected and cut off. Stem, branches and leaves were weighed respectively with the stratified clipping method, and analyzed for productive structure. The allometric regression equations between dry weight of each component(stem, branches. and needles) and D$^2$H were obtained. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) Photosynthetic layer of Larix leptolepis was shown at about 13m in height, and maximum needle amount of crown at 15-l6m in height. (2) The total biomass of aboveground was 186.25tons/ha(86.3% from stem, 9.9% from branches and 3.8% from needles). (3) Annual net production of aboveground was 12.17tons/ ha/yr, and the ratios of stem, branches and needles to that of aboveground, 0.835, 0.12, and 0.045, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 2002

This study was to investigate the productivity of 30-year-old Quercus mongolica forest in the Experimental Forest of Seoul National University located in Mt. Taehwa, Kyonggi-do, Korea. Eight sample trees were selected and cut off. Stem, branches and leaves were weighed respectively with the stratified clipping method, and analyzed for productive struts lure. The allometric regression equations between dry weight of each component(stem, branches, and needles) and D$^2$H were obtained. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) Photosynthetic layer of Quercus mongolica was shown at about 4m in height, and maximum needle amount of crown at 10m in height. (2) The total biomass of aboveground was 67.886ton/ha(75.5% from stem, 19.4% from branches and 5.1% from needles). (3) Annual net production of aboveground was 12.76ton/ha/yr, and the ratios of stem, branches and needles to that of aboveground, 44.1%, 28.7% and 27.2%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2019

Buckwheat is well-known crop for containing a high contents of flavonoids that are effective in vascular disease. The current study was performed to estimate the influence of morphological characterization of Fagopyrum esculentum (ES) germplasm for seed's two major flavonoids contents: rutin and quercetin. We found that the red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaf shape, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color, and egg-shaped seed were significantly associated with 77%, 56.7%, 83.7%, 98.7%, 70.8% and 74.5% germplasm, respectively. Overall, the rutin contents of ES germplasm ranged from 0.30 to 47.86 mg/100g dry weight (DW) and the quercetin contents ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. The rutin contents of germplasm possessing red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaves, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed ranged from 7.22 to 47.86 mg/100g DW. However, the quercetin contents of germplasm with red stem color and pale brown seed coat color ranged from 0 to 1.15 mg/100g DW, with pale green leaves ranged from 0 to 0.96 mg/100g, with arrowhead leaves and white flower ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g and with egg-shaped seed ranged from 0.32 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. In PCA analysis, the first three principal components (PCs) showed Eigen value more than 1 and accounted for 51.70% of variation. For both higher contents of rutin and quercetin, the morphological evaluation in ES shows a tendency of red stem color, arrowhead leaves, pale green leaf color, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed. From this information, we can assume the rutin and quercetin contents by the morphological characteristics of the germplasm. And It could be useful in improving the rutin and quercetin contents and selecting proper resources for cultivation in existing buckwheat cultivars.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.839-844
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate seedling quality, growth characteristics and yield of hot pepper (Capsicum annum) grown in the open field according to seedling growth periods (SGPs) of 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 days. Before planting, plant height, node number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of seedlings were high in longer-SGP treatments, the T/R ratio was high in SGP 45 and SGP 85 treatments compared with other treatments. At 10 weeks after planting, plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of plants treated with SGP 45 and SGP 55 were significantly higher compared to other treatments. Fresh and dry weight of the plant with SGP 45 treatment was greatest, however, the dry matter percentage with SGP 45 was low compared to other treatments. Fruiting number and weight per plant were highest in SGP 45 treatment. Shorter SGP treatments such as 45 and 55 days gave greatly increased total weight of ripened fruit at 18 weeks after planting. Our results showed that SGP for hot pepper grown in the open field influences plant growth parameters and marketable yield, so that SGP 45 to SGP 55 is optimum to cultivate hot pepper plant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 1995

Observations on the seedling growth of red pepper responding to different temperature(10, 20, 3$0^{\circ}C$) and light intensity(5, 15, 25 klux) were made in the growth Chamber during 7 weeks. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Best results of the combinations of temperature and light intensity were obtained from the combinated treatment of 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 25klux. At all of the temperature levels in this experiment, the more the light intensity is high, the more the growth is favor, but at low temperature below 2$0^{\circ}C$ and low light intensity below 15 klux, the growth of red pepper seedlings was decreased markedly. 2. Multiple regression polynomial equations of the characteristics of red pepper seedlings grown in the different combinations of temperature and light intensity fitted well in the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem dry weight and shoot dry weight. 3. Multiple regression polynomial equation to the shoot dry weight was partial differentiated and diagrammatized the response surface using its theoretical value. Light intensity affected more to the shoot dry weight in the temperature below 2$0^{\circ}C$ but above 2$0^{\circ}C$ the role of the temperature showed greatly influence however, interaction effects of light intensity and temperature showed strongly.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.339-345
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• 1997

The Arisaema robustum, perennial non-stem herb, population in the temperate forest of Sanseong-ri, Joongbu-myeon, Kyonggi Province was studied for leaf pattern and leaf growth from 1993 to 1995. The area of each side leaflet was larger than that of the apical leaflet in 3-leaflet form plants. But there was no significant difference among the leaflets (apical, 1st side and 2nd side leaflet) in t-testing of the 5-leaflet form plants. The specific leaf area (SLA) of the 3-leaflet form plant was greater than that of the 5-leaflet form plant, and the difference was significant at 0.1%. But differences of SLA value among the leafleats of the same leaflet form plants were minor. The area of leaflets or total leaf area was inversely proportioned to the their SLA values. Especially, the correlation coefficients (CC) between leaf area and SLA in apical leaflets and side leaflets of the 3-leaflet form plant compared to the 1st side leaflets of the 5-leaflet form plants were significant at the level of 1%. The differences between two sides in the dry weight and area of leaflets starting from the apical leaflets were about 5%. The CC values between attributes of the petiole (length and dry weight) and those of leaf blades (dry weight, leaf area and SLA) were high and significant at a 1% level. Especially, The CC value between the dry weight of the petioles and that of the leaf blades was higher than any others (r=0.952). The morphologies of the leaf margins were entire, medium serrate and serrate, and the same plant showed the same type from year to year. The plants usually had one leaf and occasionally 2 leaves. 1-leaf plants usually had 3 or 5 leaflets and occasionally 2 or 4 leaflets. Each year, the ration of individuals having the same number of leaflets was 72%, and that of individuals having a different number of leaflets was 27.54% (an increase of 20.4% and a decrease of 7.1% respectively). In the individuals increasing in the number of leaflets, the ration of individuals shifting from the 3-leaflet from to the 5-leaflet form was 14%. The increase ration of leaf area per individual a year was 37%, and the increase ratios of the plants increasing in leaflets were 60-70% regardiness of leaflet increase. The ratios of leaflet length/breadth were about 1-2, and the variations of those were 0.182-0.286 each year (12-20%).