• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

This paper described the shear strengthening effect by deviator location in pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with externally post-tensioning steel rods. Three reinforced concrete beams as control beam and eight post-tensioned beams using external steel rods were tested to fail in shear. The externally post-tensioning material was a steel rod of 22 mm diameter, and it had a 655 MPa yield strength and an 805 MPa tensile strength. Specimens depend on multiple variables, such as the number of deviators, location of deviator, and load pattern. The pre-damaged loads up to about 2/3 of ultimate shear capacities were applied to specimens using displacement control and the diagonal shear crack just occurred at these loading levels. And then, the post-tensioning up to when a strain of steel rod reaches about $2000{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ was continuously applied to beam. A displacement control was changed to a load control during post-tensioning. The post-tensioning resulted in increase of load-carrying capacity and restoration of existing deflection. Also, it prevented the existing diagonal cracks from excessively growing. Two deviators effectively improved the load capacity when compared with in case of test which one deviator at mid-span installed. When deviators were located near region which the diagonal crack occurred on, the strengthening impact by post-tensioning was greater.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 FCM 공법에서 교각과 캔틸레버 세그먼트의 임시고정을 위하여 주로 적용하고 있는 "내부 프리스트레싱 긴장재에 의한 임시 고정시스템(Stiching System)"에서 강봉의 응력특성을 분석하였다. 본 시스템에서 강봉은 교각과 PSC BOX를 내부에서 연결하여 인장 및 장착하므로 초기 긴장력의 변화 추이를 확인하기 어려웠다. 따라서, 강봉에 부착하여 강봉의 미세 길이변화를 측정할 수 있는 FBG센서를 활용하여 각 세그먼트 완료 전후에 계측 및 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 캔틸레버 세그먼트 완료까지 발생한 강봉의 최대 연직 수축량의 75% ~ 90%가 강봉의 정착 ~ 1세그먼트에서 발생되었고, 이때 도입 긴장력의 최대 손실은 39%로 나타났다. 이와 같은 강봉의 정착 ~ 1세그먼트 완료까지의 긴장력의 과대 손실은 강봉 정착 중 시공의 정밀도 향상과 1세그먼트의 완료 이후 캔틸레버 세그먼트의 전도에 대한 안정성 확보를 위하여 재 긴장이 필요함을 의미한다. 2 ~ 마지막 세그먼트에서는 강봉의 응력이 완만하게 감소하였고 하절기에는 주두부 콘크리트의 연직방향 체적 증가에 상응한 강봉의 길이 증가로 인하여 응력의 감소가 일부 회복되는 경향을 보여 2~마지막 세그먼트에서는 대기 온도에 따른 강봉의 길이변화가 응력변화의 지배적인 요인인 것으로 판단된다. 강봉의 길이변화와 달리 강봉의 릴랙세이션에 의한 응력이완은 1.2 ~ 2.7%로서 매우 작은 비율로 나타났고, 강봉의 온도응력에 상응하는 반대방향 응력(강봉의 상하부 고정, 강봉과 콘크리트의 열팽창계수가 상이한 영향으로 발생)으로 대부분 상쇄되었다. 따라서, 강봉 정착 시기 조절 등 강봉의 내부응력 향상을 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

SM45C steel rods being used generally for power transmission shafts and machine components was selected and welded by Butt-GMAW(Gas Metal Arc Welding) method. An estimation of fatigue life was studied by constructing S-N curve. Fatigue strength of base metal zone showed higher values than one of weld zone in low cycles between $10^4$ and $10^6$cycles. However, significant decrease in fatigue strength of base metal was found around $10^6$cycles, which were almost same as one of heat affected zone. This decrease was attributed that initial residual stress of the steel rods distributed by drawing process was diminished by continually applied load, and resulted in softening of base metal. The fatigue limit of the weld zone was highest in the boundary between deposited metal zone and heat affected zone, and followed by in the order of deposited metal zone, base metal zone, and heat affected zone. Based on these results, it is revealed that the stress for safety design of machine components using SM45C butt-welded steel rods must be selected within the region of the lowest fatigue limit of heat affected zone.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2023

In this study, we present a system for identifying equivalent grades of standardized wire rod steel based on alloy composition using machine learning techniques. The system comprises two models, one based on a supervised multi-class classification algorithm and the other based on unsupervised autoencoder algorithm. Our evaluation showed that the supervised model exhibited superior performance in terms of prediction stability and reliability of prediction results. This system provides a useful tool for non-experts seeking similar grades of steel based on alloy composition.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2013

국내외에서 널리 사용 중인 표준관입시험(Standard Penetration Test, SPT)은 작업의 용이성, 다양한 지반정수와 강도정수를 결정방법 등의 장점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 SPT 수행시에 발생하는 해머 에너지는 N치의 산정 및 보정에 매우 중요한 영향인자가 된다. SPT시험시 해머 타격에 의하여 롯드로 응력파가 전달되는 현상이 말뚝 항타 시에 발생하는 현상과 동일하다하여 SPT에 PDA장비를 적용하여 관입에너지를 측정하는 방법이 개발되어 사용 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 SPT 롯드를 말뚝으로 가정하여 SPT 에너지 효율 측정롯드를 SPT시험과 동적콘관입시험에 적용하여 얻어진 힘과 속도의 파형을 매칭기법(CAPWAP, CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program) 분석을 수행하여 매입말뚝에 대한 극한선단지지력을 예측하는 기법을 제안하였다. 또한, SPT 에너지 효율 측정롯드에서 예측된 선단지지력과 실물 말뚝정재하시험을 통하여 산정된 선단지지력을 비교분석하였다. 연구결과를 토대로 SPT나 동적콘관입시험을 통하여 매입말뚝의 지지력을 간편하게 예측할 수 있는 경험식을 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2003

내부를 콘크리트로 속채움한 강관합성말뚝에 대한 기존의 하중전이 측정에서는 강관의 변형률만 측정하고 콘크리트의 변형률은 강관과 동일하다고 가정하였으며, 시방서에 규정한 방법으로 구한 강관과 콘크리트의 탄성계수를 이용하여 말뚝구성부재의 응력 및 축하중을 산정하였다. 그러나 강관의 변형률만 측정하여 강관과 콘크리트가 완전합성 거동하는 것으로 산정한 축하중은 실제 하중값과 상당한 차이를 보이고 있어 강관합성말뚝의 거동을 정확히 분석할 수 없었다. 따라서, 강관합성말뚝의 경우 각 구성부재의 변형률을 측정할 필요성이 제기되었다. 본 연구에서는 강관합성말뚝의 구성부재인 강재와 콘크리트의 변형률을 측정하는데 사용할 수 있도록 개발된 변형봉 센서에 대한 검증실험을 수행하였다 변형봉 센서를 사용하여 말뚝축하중을 산정할 경우 콘크리트의 탄성계수는 현장에서 제작한 콘크리트 공시체의 압축강도 시험에서 구하도록 제안하였다. 즉, (0.2∼0.6)f$_ck$의 응력 범위에 해당하는 평균접선기울기를 탄성계수로 사용하도록 제안하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 제5회 압연심포지엄 신 시장 개척을 위한 압연기술
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• pp.307-316
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• 2004

This study examined the cause of the wrinkle defect which is frequently encountered in wire rod rolling of low carbon steel$(C0.08\~0.13wt.\%)$. Even a small defect on the surface of rolled bars can easily develop into fatal cracks during cold heading process of low carbon steel, and it is therefore necessary to minimize inherent defects on the surface of hot rolled bars. Hot rolling process of low carbon steel was analyzed to identify the cause of the wrinkle defect in conjunction with FE analysis. The integrated analysis revealed that the wrinkle defect initiated in the first stage of rolling, and it was at the billet edge where severe deformation and drastic temperature drop were present. To elucidate the micro-mechanical mechanism of the wrinkle defect, hot compression tests were carried out at various temperatures and strain rates using Gleeble-3800. The surface profile of the each other compressed specimens was compared, and rough surface lines were observed at relatively low temperatures. Those surface defects can develop into wrinkles during multi-pass rolling. To control the wrinkle defect in rolling, it is necessary to design an adequate caliber which can minimize the loss of ductility, and thereby prevent flow localization. To use the result of this study fur other steels, the quantitative measure of the wrinkle defect and flow localization parameter should be proposed.

• Composites Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

This report is on the Reinforcing System(MFRI) for Concrete Structure using FRP ROD & High-Performance Mortar. The main characteristic of this system is as follow. First, the fiber rods in this system have seven times greater tensile strength than general reinforcing steel bars(re-bar) and the weight is a fifth lighter. Camels coated on the fiber rods' surfaces to improve adhesive strength and pull-out strength. Second, high strength shotcrete mortar is has very good workability and low rebound rate. After installing the Fiber Rods, Shotcrete mortar Is applied or sprayed to finish reinforcement. Finally, MFRI system has excellent fire-resisting performance and sogood tolerance against external environment by inserting fiber rods and reinforcing materials into mortar which has high compressive strength. It is applied to bridge slab, utility box and tunnel of civil engineering works, and beam and slab of building structures.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1410-1413
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• 2003

Drawing is a basic plastic deformation method and productive manufacturing process make wire. rod and variety section geometry bar. Study for the rod drawing process of rod was researched long littles. but non-axisymmetric drawing process is weak. So metal flow is very irregular in non-axisymmetric drawing process and difficult to define about material deformation generally. In this paper, to solve material deformation, use finite element method and then define suitable shape for rod to hexagonal drawing dies. And research corner filling rate and surface roughness for the high strength steel hexagonal bar produced defined dies.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

Weight reduction of automobile parts has been sought to achieve fuel efficiency and energy conservation. In this study, a shape design procedure is suggested to obtained the lightweight design of an outer tie rod. The developed aluminium Al6082M is selected as a steel-substitute material. Strength assesment and durability are the important design criterion in the structural design of an outer tie rod. This study considers strength and durability in the optimization process. In this study, the kriging interpolation method and trial and error method are adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the strength and durability constraints.