• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.689-701
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• 2018

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is a principal cause of deterioration of RC columns. Making these corrosion-damaged columns conform to new safety regulations and functions is a tremendous technological challenge. This study presented an experimental investigation on steel-concrete jacketed corrosion-damaged RC columns. The influences of steel jacket thickness and concrete strength on the enhancement performance of the strengthened specimens were investigated. The results showed that the use of steel-concrete jacketing is efficient since the stub strengthened columns behaved in a more ductile manner. Moreover, the ultimate strength of the corrosion-damaged RC columns is increased by an average of 5.3 times, and the ductility is also significantly improved by the strengthening method. The bearing capacity of the strengthening columns increases with the steel tube thickness increasing, and the strengthening concrete strength has a positive impact on both bearing capacity, whereas a negative influence on the ductility. Subsequently, a numerical model was developed to predict the behavior of the retrofitted columns. The model takes into account corrosion-damage of steel rebar and confining enhancement supplied by the steel tube. Comparative results with the experimental results indicated that the developed numerical model is an effective simulation. Based on extensive verified numerical studies, a design equation was proposed and found to predict well the ultimate eccentric strength of the strengthened columns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.333-350
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• 2005

This paper presents results of an experimental study to evaluate a new retrofit technique for strengthening shear deficient short concrete beams and columns. In this technique a mortar jacket reinforced with expanded steel meshes is used for retrofitting. Twelve short reinforced concrete specimens, including eight retrofitted ones, were tested. Six specimens were tested under a constant compressive axial force of 15% of column axial load capacity based on original concrete gross section, $A_g$, and the concrete compressive strength, ${f_c}^{\prime}$. Main variables were the spacing of ties in original specimens and the volume fraction of expanded metal in jackets. Original specimens failed before reaching their nominal calculated flexural strength, $M_n$, and had very poor ductility. Strengthened specimens reached their nominal flexural strength and had a ductility capacity factor of up to 8 for the beams and up to 5.5 for the columns. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that expanded steel meshes can be used effectively to strengthen shear deficient concrete members.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.534-539
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• 2009

One of the most efficient techniques improving the heat transfer performance of a diesel electric generation is a corrosion control in jacket cooling water system. The environmental parameters most affecting corrosion are dissolved salt concentration, temperature, and pH of cooling water. No corrosion occurs in carbon steel probe at pH 11 in normal operating condition of diesel electric generation cooling water. pH control agent in this study is trisodium phosphate. pH control appears to be the most convenient way to enhance the thermal performance of a diesel electric generation.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-121
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• 2023

Through-the-thickness stress distribution in a tubular member has a profound effect on the fatigue behavior of tubular joints commonly found in steel offshore structures. This stress distribution can be characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). Although multi-planar joints are an intrinsic feature of offshore tubular structures and the multi-planarity usually has a considerable effect on the DoB values at the brace-to-chord intersection, few investigations have been reported on the DoB in multi-planar joints due to the complexity of the problem and high cost involved. In the present research, data extracted from the stress analysis of 243 finite element (FE) models, verified based on available parametric equations, was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the DoB values in two-planar tubular DYT-joints. Parametric FE study was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to develop six new DoB parametric equations for the fatigue analysis and design of axially loaded two-planar DYT-joints.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.367-381
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns can be strengthened by direct fastening of steel plates around a column, forming composite actions. This method can increase both the total load bearing area and the concrete confinement stress. To predict the axial load resistance of strengthened RC columns, the equivalent passive confinement stress of the stirrups and the steel jacket should be accurately quantified, which requires the stress in the stirrups and shear force in the connections to be first obtained. In this paper, parameters, i.e., the stress ratio of the stirrups and shear force ratio of steel plate connectors are utilized to quantify the stress of the stirrups and shear force in the connections. A mechanical model for determining the stress ratio of the stirrups and shear force ratio of steel plate connectors is proposed and validated using the experimental results in a previous study. The model is found to be robust. Subsequently, a parametric study is conducted and the optimum stress ratios of the stirrups and the optimum shear force ratios of connectors are proposed for engineering designs.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.323-338
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• 2014

In this study a new innovative method of earthquake-resistant strengthening of reinforced concrete structures is presented for the first time. Strengthening according to this new method consists of the construction of steel fiber ultra-high-strength concrete jackets without conventional reinforcement which is usually applied in the construction of conventional reinforced concrete jackets. An innovative solution is proposed also for the first time that ensures a satisfactory seismic performance of existing reinforced concrete structures, strengthened by using composite materials. The weak point of the use of such materials in repairing and strengthening of old R/C structures is the area of beam-column joints. According to the proposed solution, the joints can be strengthened with a steel fiber ultra-high-strength concrete jacket, while strengthening of columns can be achieved by using CFRPs. The experimental results showed that the performance of the subassemblage strengthened with the proposed mixed solution was much better than that of the subassemblage retrofitted completely with CFRPs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.431-452
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• 2014

The present study focuses on the mechanical behaviour of concrete filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns confined by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). A series of axial compression tests have been conducted on two CFDST stub columns, eight CFDST stub columns confined by FRP and a concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub column confined by FRP, respectively. The influences of hollow section ratio, FRP wall thickness and fibre longitudinal-circumferential proportion on the load-strain curve and the concrete stress-strain curve for stub columns with annular section were discussed. The test results displayed that the FRP jacket can obviously enhance the carrying capacity of stub columns. Based on the test results, a new model which includes the effects of confinement factor, hollow section ratio and lateral confining pressure of the outer steel tube was proposed to calculate the compressive strength of confined concrete. Using the present concrete strength model, the formula to predict the carrying capacity of CFDST stub columns confined by FRP was derived. The theoretically predicted results agree well with those obtained from the experiments and FE analysis. The present method is also adapted to calculate the carrying capacity of CFST stub columns confined by FRP.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.623-639
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• 2015

Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) Filled Square steel Tubes (SCFST) was used to strengthen square RC columns. To establish the efficiency of this strengthening method, 17 columns were tested under axial compression loading including 3 RC columns without any strengthening (WRC), 1 RC column strengthened with concrete jacket (CRC), 13 RC columns strengthened with self-compacting concrete filled square steel tubes (SRC). The experimental results showed that the use of SCFST is interesting since the ductility and the bearing capacity of the RC columns are greatly improved. The improvement ratio is significantly affected by the nominal wall thickness of steel tubes (t), the strength grade of strengthening concrete (C), and the length-to-width ratio (L / B) of the specimens. In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of these test parameters on axial loading behavior of the SRC columns, three performance indices, enhancement ratio (ER), ductility index (DI), and confinement ratio (CR), were used. The strength of the SRC columns obtained from the experiments was then employed to verify the proposed mode referring to the relevant codes. It was found that codes DBJ13-51 could relatively predict the strength of the SRC columns accurately, and codes AIJ and BS5400 were relatively conservative.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1277-1297
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• 2015

Post-tensioned precast segmental bridge columns have shown high level of strength and ductility, and low residual displacement, which makes them suffer minor damage after earthquake loading; however, there is still lack of confidence on their lateral response against severe seismic loading due in part to their low energy dissipation capacity. This study investigates the influence of major design factors such as post-tensioning force level, strands position, columns aspect ratio, steel jacket and mild steel ratio on seismic performance of self-centring segmental bridge columns in terms of lateral strength, residual displacement and lateral peak displacement. Seismic analyses show that increasing the continuous mild steel ratio improves the lateral peak displacement of the self-centring columns at different levels of post-tensioning (PT) forces. Such an increase in steel ratio reduces the residual drift in segmental columns with higher aspect ratio more considerably. Suggestions are proposed for the design of self-centring segmental columns with various aspect ratios at different target drifts.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

In the case of columns in buildings with soft story, the concentration of stress due to the difference in stiffness can damage the columns. The irregularity of buildings including soft story requires retrofit because combined load of compression, bending, shear, and torsion acts on the structure. Concrete jacketing is advantageous in securing the strength and stiffness of existing members. However, the brittleness of concrete make it difficult to secure ductility to resist the large deformation, and the complicated construction process for integrity between the existing member and extended section reduces the constructability. In this study, two types of Steel Grid Reinforcement (SGR), which are Steel Wire Mesh (SWM) for integrity and Steel Fiber Non-Shrinkage Mortar (SFNM) for crack resistance are proposed. One reinforced concrete (RC) column with non-seismic details and two columns retrofitted with each different types of proposed method were manufactured. Seismic performance was analyzed for cyclic loading test in which a combined load of compression, bending, shear, and torsion was applied. As a result of the experiment, specimens retrofitted with proposed concrete jacketing method showed 862% of maximum load, 188% of maximum displacement and 1,324% of stiffness compared to non-retrofitted specimen.