• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1992

원제와 무기증량제의 혼합분말을 유용성 점결제 stearly alcohol 혹은 ethyl cellulose로 조립한 KC-7079, isoprothiolane, perfluidone 및 tricyazole 입제를 $25^{\circ}C$ 항온조건하에서 물이 담긴 비이커에 침적하고 일정시간 간격으로 수중 유효성분농도를 분석하여 입제의 용출속도를 측정하였다. 입제의 수중용출속도는 점결제 첨가량에 따른 입제의 수중붕괴성, 사용한 점결제의 종류 및 원제의 물에 대한 용해도에 따라 크게 영향을 받았다. Stearyl alcohol 첨가입제의 수중붕괴성은 제제방법에 따라 달라져서 수중에서 붕괴되지 않고 원형을 유지하기 위한 점결제 첨가량은 sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 수용액(0.5%)으로 반죽하여 조립할 때는 8%, methanol로 반죽하여 조립할 때는 3% 이상 요구되었다. Stearyl alcohol을 점결제로 사용한 KC-7079 입제는 점결제 첨가량이 증가할수록 수중붕괴성이 감소하여 유효성분의 초기 용출속도가 크게 감소하였으며, 붕괴하지 않는 입제는 점결제 첨가비가 증가하여도 용출속도가 거의 변하지 않았다. Ethyl cellulose가 0.5% 이상 첨가된 입제는 수중에서 붕괴하지 않았으며, 점결제 첨가비가 증가할수록 유효성분의 용출지연효과가 증가하였다. 또한 용출지연효과는 원제함량이 작은 입제에서 현저하였다. Stearyl alcohol 첨가제제는 KC-7079와 perfluidone의 용출을 지연시킨 반면 ethyl cellulose 첨가제제는 모든 원제에 대하여 용출을 지연시킬 수 있었다. 또한 이들 유용성 점결제로 조립한 입제는 원제의 수용해도가 작을수록 용출지연효과가 뚜렷하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1994

The microcapsules of amoxicillin using stearyl alcohol and polyethyleneglycol 8000 (PEG 8000) were prepared by a emulsion melted-cooled process in water phase. The size distribution, dissolution test, observation with SEM and in vivo test were investigated. The microcapsules obtained were spherical, uniform and free flowing particles. The release of drug from microcapsule was increased in proportional to the content of PEG 8000. As the PEG 8000 content increased, the particle size of microcapsule was decreased. Sanning electron micrograph study revealed that microcapsules had comparatively rough surfaces as drug content was increased. The $AUC_{0-12}$ after administration of amoxicillin microcapsules was more increased 40% as compared with the AUC after administration of amoxicillin powder in rabbits.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.487-494
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• 1995

Solid lipid microspheres (SLMs) were prepared using various lipids and solidifying agents, in order to enhance the gastrointestinal absorption of Cyclosporine A (Cs A) which is a practically water-insoluble drug with low systemic bioavailability. Egg lecithin and HCO-60 (polyoxyethylated 60 mol, hydrogenated castor oil) were used as lipids. Stearic acid and stearyl alcohol were used as solidifying agents. Emulsion concentrates containing Cs A were prepared by mixing the melted lipid and solidifying agent with water, employing bile salts as a cosurfactant. SLMs were obtained by dispersing the warm emulsion concentrate in cold distilled water under mechanical stirring, followed by freeze drying. Physical characteristics of each SLM were investigated by particle size analysis, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Mean particle size of SLMs was in the range of 30 to 40.mu.m. The SLMs were in good appearance with spherical shape before freeze drying, but were deformed partially after freeze drying. Drug loading efficiencies of SLMs were observed as high as 80 to 90% in average. The systemic bioavailability of Cs A from different SLM formula was investigated in rats following oral administration. Cs A in whole blood was extracted and assayed by HPLC. SLMs revealed the higher bioavailabilities than the standard formula based on the marketed product. SLMs might have several advantages over standard formula for enhanced gastrointestinal absorption, controlled release properties, high loading capacity of the water-insoluble drug, and feasibility of solid dosage forms with better stability in storage.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2009

Oil in water (O/W)에멀젼에서 에멀젼 안정화제로 사용되는 고급알코올과 고급지방산이 O/W에멀젼의 유동특성에 미치는 영향을 점도와 rheograms으로 분석하였다. 고급알코올과 고급지방산의 탄소 체인 길이가 증가할수록 O/W에멀젼의 점도가 상승하는 경향을 나타내었으며 고급알코올의 점도 상승 효과가 고급지방산보다 우수하였다. 또한 에멀젼 제조에 사용된 계면활성제의 친유부의 탄소 체인 길이에 유사한 스테아릴알코올과 세테아릴알코올의 점도 상승 효과가 가장 우수하였다. 고급알코올과 고급지방산이 첨가된 O/W에멀젼은 화장품 에멀젼이 보여주는 유동특성인 shear thinning을 나타내는 pseudo-plastic유체였다. 세틸알코올, 세테아릴알코올과 스테아릴알코올이 첨가된 O/W에멀젼은 thixotropy이었으며 농도가 증가할수록 thixotropic 현상이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 고급지방산보다는 고급알코올이 첨가된 O/W에멀젼이 더 thixotropic한 유동특성을 나타내었다. O/W에멀젼의 안정성과 관련된 점도상승과 사용감과 관련된 spreadability 향상을 위해 에멀젼 안정화제로 고급지방산보다는 고급알코올의 사용이 적합하리라 생각된다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제4C권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2004

Orientation control of a polyoxometalate (POM) nanoparticle in its two-dimensional arrangement was attempted by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. For their uniorientation, two carboxyl groups were introduced on one side of the POM particle, and hydrophobic long chains were attached by esterification with the carboxyl groups (C18-POM). The C18-POM layer spread on water surface showed stability against surface pressure up to 60 mN/m. The pattern of the C18-POM isotherm was quite different from stearyl alcohol (C18-OH), while the POM itself did not show any development of surface pressure on water surface. The AFM images of C18-POM LB films showed some microcrystalline structures that were noticed as dot structures by Brewster angle microscopy. The microimages for C18-POM did not completely spread out as a monolayer on the water surface. The XPS spectra indicated the presence of POM structures and stearyl ester bonds formed from about 65% of the total carboxyls. The XRD spectra showed that the unioriented POMs were not positioned with the same lattice distance but rather in a wavy surface state.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2014

이상적인 내발수 특성을 얻기 위해 유화중합을 이용하여 n-methyol acrylamide (n-MAM)와 stearyl methacrylate (SMA)의 단량체에 기능성 단량체인 PFOEA의 함량(0-8 wt%)에 따른 공중합체를 합성하였고, 추가적으로 2-(perfluorooctyl) ethyl acrylate (PFOEA) 함량이 4 wt%인 조성에 m-isopropenyl-${\alpha}$,${\alpha}^{\prime}$-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI)의 함량(1~4 wt%)을 첨가한 공중합체를 합성하였다. 유화중합을 위해 비이온 유화제인 tridecyl alcohol (TDA-7), 양이온유화제인 alkyl dimethyl amine derivatives(ADAD)를 사용하였고 개시제로는 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane dihydrochoride) (AAPDL)을 사용하였다. 합성된 공중합체에 대해서 FT-IR spectra를 이용하여 구조분석을 하였고 표면특성 분석을 위해 접촉각, 표면에너지, 발수도 그리고 SEM을 측정하였으며, TGA와 DSC를 사용하여 열적 특성을 확인하였다. PFOEA와 TMI의 특정 함량에서 우수한 발수도와 높은 열적 특성을 보이는 공중합체가 합성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 1988

The inflence of hydrophilic vehicles on percutaneous absorption rate of griseofulvin was studied using intact skin of full thickness of hairless rat. The in vitro absorption rates were used as the characteristics for deciding the optimum formula of ointment vehicles. The optimum formula of vehicle compositions for maximum absorption rate was obtained from the polynomial regression equation and the two graphical techniques, contour graph and partial derivative graph. It was composed of sodium lauryl sulfate (1.65 W /W%), white petrolatum (16.5 W /W%), propylene glycol (12.0 W /W%), and stearyl alcohol (19.6W /W%). The experimental value obtained from the optimum formula and the prediction value were 33.99 and 33.87 ${\mu}g/\sqrt{min}$, respectively. From these results, it was believed that optimum formula for semisolid dosage forms could be obtained from the application of the optimization technique used in this study.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.109-112
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• 1997

Morphology of carbonate crystals grown on the surface of artificial cell membranes was controlled by changing the interfacial chemistry. For octadecyltriethoxysilane (OTE) films with terminal methyl groups interacting little with an aqueous calcium carbonate solution calcite (104) crystals were formed. Polymerized pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA) films with terminal carboxylic acid groups induced deposition of calcite (012) crystals aligned along with each other within a polymer domain. On the other hand, stearyl alcohol (StOH) films with terminal hydroxyl groups induced deposition of aragonite crystals. When PDA was mixed with StOH, the 8:1 PDA:StOH (molar ratio) film produced dominating calcite (012) crystals without any crystal alignment, and the 4:1 mixture film produced minor calcite (012) crystals and major aragonite crystals. For the 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 mixture films, aragonite crystals were dominating. Hence, it is found that the chemical composition at the interface plays a very important role in controlling the morphology of deposited carbonate crystals.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

To search the potent pig pheromonal odorants through receptor-based approach methods, molecular dockings between 680 Flavomets as substrate molecule and pig odorants binding proteins OBP (1HQP) and PBP (1GM6) as receptor, and QSPR (quantitative structure-property relationship) analyses from physico-chemical parameters of Flavomets and their docking scores (DS) were performed and discussed quantitatively. From the basis on the findings, the optimal value $(MSA)_{opt.}=407.595\;{\AA}^2$ of MSA (molecular surface area; ${\AA}$), and RB (number of rotational bond) had the Flavomets will be able to increase DS. Therefore, it is expected that the stearyl alcohol from DS and H-bond type between substrate and receptor would be shows the character as potent pig pheromonal odorant.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1999

Retinoids in anti-wrinkle cosmetics are widely used for the treatment of the photoaging skin these days, but very unstable in the presence of water. Multilamellar liquid crystal vesicles consisted of $poly(oxyethylene)_{15}oleyl$ ether $(POE_{15}OE)$ or $poly(oxyethylene)_{15}stearyl$ ether $(POE_{15}SE)$, cetostearyl alcohol (CSA) and cholesterol or oils were prepared to increase the stability of retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate. $POE_{15}SE-CSA-Water$ systems were more unstable than $POE_{15}SE-CSA-Water$ systems due to the bended structure of oleyl groups. For the modification of vesicles, cholesterol was added. The enthalpy values were decreased reaching to zero and the water permeability of systems was decreased, but the stabilizaton of retinyl acetate was not greatly improved. The stability of retinyl acetate may depend on its location in the structure. Various oils were added for further stabilization and isopropyl myristate was most effective. In practice, retinyl palmitate showed better stability in the same vesicle than retinyl acetate, and the improved vesicles could be used for the anti-wrinkle cosmetics