• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.180-192
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• 1998

Enthalpy transport in a pulse tube was investigated by two-dimensional analysis of mass, momentum and energy equations assuming that the axial temperature gradient in the pulse tube is constant. Time-averaged second-order conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy were used to show the existence of steady mass streaming and enthalpy streaming. Effects of axial temperature gradient, velocity amplitude ratio and heat transfer between the gas and the wall on the steady mass streaming and enthalpy streaming were shown. Enthalpy loss due to the steady mass streaming is zero for basic and orifice pulse tube refrigerators, but it is proportional to the axial temperature gradient and steady mass flow rate through a pulse tube for double inlet pulse tube refrigerators.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제7권
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• pp.33-44
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• 1999

Enthalpy transport in a pulse tube was investigated by two-dimensional analysis of mass, momentum and energy equations assuming that the axial temperature gradient in the pulse tube was constant. The time-averaged second-order conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy were used to show the existence of steady mass and enthalpy streaming. Effects of the axial temperature gradient, velocity amplitude ratio, and heat transfer between the gas and the tube wall On the steady mass and enthalpy streaming were shown. Enthalpy loss due to the steady mass streaming is zero for basic and orifice pulse tube refrigerators, but it is proportional to the axial temperature gradient and steady mass flow rate through a pulse tube for double inlet pulse tube refrigerators.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 1999

The flow characteristics of 2-valve and 4-valve cylinder heads with various blocked-valve were experimentally investigated in a steady flow rig. Effects of the blocked-valve configurations on flow coefficient, swirl and tumble intensity are studied. Compared to the conventional valve, the blocked valve in both cylinder heads have the much lower flow coefficient and the much higher intensity of swirl and tumble. Under the same size of blockage, the value of flow coefficient and swirl(or tumble) intensity were varied according to the position of blockage. Throughout these steady flow test the optimized positions of blockage in both cylinder heads were determined.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2016

Precise prediction and control of the strip profile is crucial for automatic process set-up and operation of a hot strip mill. In the current study, we present the effect of post-deformation on the steady-state strip profile. The process was simulated by a 3-D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis. Comparisons are made between the strip profile measured at the roll exit and the steady-state strip profile. The results raised an issue with regard to the importance of taking into account the effect of post-deformation.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2007

The aeroelastic analysis of rotor blades with trailing edge flaps, focused on reducing vibration while minimizing control effort, are investigated using large deflection-type beam theory in forward flight. The rotor blade aerodynamic forces are calculated using two-dimensional quasi-steady strip theory. For the analysis of forward flight, the nonlinear periodic blade steady response is obtained by integrating the full finite element equation in time through a coupled trim procedure with a vehicle trim. The objective function, which includes vibratory hub loads and active flap control inputs, is minimized by an optimal control process. Numerical simulations are performed for the steady-state forward flight of various advance ratios. Also, numerical results of the steady blade and flap deflections, and the vibratory hub loads are presented for various advance ratios and are compared with the previously published analysis results obtained from modal analysis based on a moderate deflection-type beam theory.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.622-628
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• 2002

Numerical analysis has been carried out for two-dimensional steady and unsteady mixed convection in the annulus between co-rotating horizontal cylinders with a heated inner cylinder. The ratio of annulus gap($\sigma$) is taken from 1 to 10 and the order of mixed-convection parameter B(=Gr/(1+Re)$^2$) varies from 10$^4$to $10^0$. The flow patterns over this parameter range are steady multicellular, oscillatory multicellular or steady unicellular. The addition of co-rotating of both cylinders stabilizes the flow in the annulus and weakens the unsteadiness. Even in the large values of rotating parameter such as of $10^0$/($\sigma$=2) and 10$^2$($\sigma$=10), the flow pattern becomes asymptotic to the steady unicellular flow, like as in the rigid-body rotating flow.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.861-869
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• 2012

This paper presents a high performance position controller in a driving system using a time optimal control which is widely used to control driving systems to a desired reference position or velocity in minimum response time. The main purpose of this study is an improvement of transient response performance rather than steady-state response comparing with another various control strategies. In order to improve the performance of time optimal control, we tried to find the cause of the steady-state error in the driving system we have already made up and also suggest the newly modified type of time optimal control method in this paper.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.521-524
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• 2002

In the present study, kinetic energy of laminar steady flow in the exit region connected to the square-sectional $180^{\circ}$curved duct was investigated experimentally. The experimental study for air flows was conducted to measure kinetic energy distributions by using the Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) system with the data acquisition and processing system of Cactus 2000 software. The results obtained from experimental studies are summarized as follows : (1) The critical Reynolds number for a change from laminar steady flow to transitional steadt flow was about 1910, in the 50 region of dimensionless axial position (x/Dh) whirh was considered as a fully developed flow region. (2) Maximum kinetic energy of laminar steady flow was gradually increased as the Reynolds number increased.

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

Quasi steady stall is a phenomenon to characterize the aerodynamic behavior of aircraft at high angle of attack region. Generally, it is exercised from a steady state level flight to stall and its recovery to the initial flight in a calm weather. For a theoretical study, such maneuver is demonstrated in the form of aerodynamic model which consists of aircraft's stability and control derivatives. The current research paper is focused on the appropriate selection of aerodynamic model for the maneuver and estimation of the unknown model coefficients using least-square method. The statistical accuracy of the estimated parameters is presented in terms of standard deviations. Finally, the validation has been presented by comparing the measured data to the simulated data from different models.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.231-234
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• 1998

This study presents steady-state finite element analysis of three-dimensional hot extrusion of sections through square dies. The objective of this study is to develop a steady-state finite element method for hot extrusion through square dies, and to provide theoretical basis for the optimal die design and process control in the extrusion technology. In the present work, steady-state assumption is applied to both analyses of deformation and temperature. The analysis of temperature distribution includes heat transfer. Convection like element is adopted for the heat transfer analysis between billet and container, and also billet and die. Distributions of temperature, effective strain rate, velocity and mean stress are discussed to design extrusion die effectively.