• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to shorten the time spent at each stage of treatment and to reduce the total amount of time patients spend in the emergency department (ED) by applying Six Sigma in the treatment of major trauma patients. Methods: This is a comparative study encompassing 60 patients presenting to the ED of Bundang CHA Hospital from January 2008 to December 2008 and from July 2009 to March 2010. The stages of treatment for major trauma patients were divided into six categories (T1: total emergency department staying time, T2: duration of visit-radiologic evaluation time, T3: duration of visit-consult to department of admission, T4: duration of consultation-issue of hospital admissions time, T5: duration of visit-issue of hospital admissions time, T6: duration of issue of hospital admission-emergency department discharge time) and the total time patients spent in the ED was compared and analyzed for periods; before and after the application of Six Sigma. Results: After the application of Six Sigma, the numerical values in four of the six categories were significantly reduced; T2, T3, T4, and T5. However, the average of the total time patients spent in the ED did not show any remarkable change because the T6 increased highly. The level of Six Sigma increased $0.17{\sigma}$. Conclusion: The application of Six Sigma for major trauma patients in the ED resulted in a significant improvement in the error rate for the total time patients spent in the ED. The Six Sigma activity has shown great potential. Therefore, the project is expected to bring better results in every stage of treatment if the levels of the hospital facilities are improved.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2007

Background: Down's syndrome, or trisomy 21, is the commonest congenital chromosome anomaly. With improvement in medical care, these patients increasingly reach adulthood in spite of their physical maldevelopment and mental retardation. And, the number of those who required general anesthesia for dental treatment is increasing. Methods: We reviewed the 26 cases of 22 patients with Down's syndrome who underwent outpatient general anesthesia for dental treatment at the clinic for the disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Results: The mean age was 22 years. They all had severe mental retardation and some had congenital heart anomaly, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, acute leukemia, autism, cleft palate, and chronic renal failure. For anesthesia induction, 4 cases was needed physical restriction, but others showed good or moderate cooperation. Drugs used for anesthesia induction was thiopental (17 cases) and sevoflurane (9 cases). All patients received nasotracheal intubation and 3 cases needed difficult airway management. Mean total anesthetic time was $166{\pm}60$ min and staying time at PACU was $92{\pm}48$ min. There was no death or long term hospitalization because of severe complications. Conclusion: If general anesthesia is needed, pertinent diagnostic tests and workup about anomaly, and appropriate anesthetic planning are essential for safety.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2004

The main aim of this study was to investigate stress related activities of Sun-ginseng extract as a candidate for anti-stress-related functional supplement by comparing its effect to those of red ginseng, which is also known to alleviate stress. Normal group was not exposed to stress while the control group was exposed to stress. Rats were orally administered once a day with 200 mg red ginseng (RG) extract, 100 or 200 mg Sun-ginseng (SG) extract/kg body weight. Mice were given water containing 400 mg red ginseng extract, 200 or 400 mg SG/100 mL potable water. Rats were given supplements for 5 days without stress, and 5 days with restraint and electroshock stress. After final stress, stress-related behavioral changes of experimental animals were recorded and levels of blood corticosterone were measured. Mice were given supplements for 5 days through drinking water, and then fatigue related motor activity were recorded. SG-supplementation partially blocked stress effect on locomotion and elevated plus maze test in rats, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, smelling, facewashing, grooming and rearing behavior in rats. SG-supplementation decreased blood corticosterone level which is increased by stress in rats. Effects of SG may not be modulated by GABAnergic nervous system. SG-supplementation prolonged swimming time and staying time on the wire and rotarod wheel in mice. These results suggest that SG partially protects living organisms from stress attack in some cases and thus has the potential to be used as a functional food to alleviate stress response.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2012

Jo Taek-seung(曺澤承, 1841-1907), who devoted himself to medical science mostly living in Haenam, and his son Jo Byeong-hu(曺秉侯, 1869-?) are significant in the history of Korean oriental medicine. The medical science of Jo Taek-seung appointed as Jusa(主事) of Hyeminwon(惠民院) in 1902 was handed down to his only son Jo Byeong-hu, who succeeded to his father's medicine and polished up the medicine, and recorded the results "Sanghangyeongheombangyochwal(傷寒經驗方要撮)" in 1933. Jo Taek-seung's portrait has been handed down to Jo Taek-seung's descendents' house in Munane-ri, Haeman. Not only does Jo Taek-seung's portraits well present the features of portrait mode of Joseon Dynasty period in the 19th century in their front view, exposure of two hands, expressive mode, background articles, etc, but also praises, poems, etc. giving information on manufacture intent, etc. to give prominence to the authors recorded by Jo Taek-seung, time of manufacture and position of medical official appears in one screen. In this paper, through disaster-removing poetic sentence showed in Jo Taek-seun'sg portraits, it was found that the author of the portrait is Choi Byeong-uk who worked mostly staying in Seoul and the present portrait was the one re-painted in 1907 by revising the portrait painted in 1894 when Jo Taek-seung was 54 years old, after Jo Taek-seung died. With regard to revised portion, presuming through records on the picture and comparative analysis of mode with portraits of doctors in the 20th century, it seems that the clothing of Confucian scholars in the first version was revised into the clothing of medical officials showing the position of Jo Taek-seung who took office as Jusa of Hyeminwon at the time of re-painting the portrait. Jo Taek-seung's portrait not only becomes important materials in the oriental medicine and historical world in the aspect of manufacture process, mode, etc. of Korean portraits including an aspect of medical official's portraits, but has significant meaning from the aspect of fine art history or clothing history.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.669-678
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• 2014

The amount of waste water generated from the domestic sources is consistently increasing in proportion to economic growth, and the conventional activated sludge process is widely being used for general waste water treatment. But the ministry of environment becomes stringthent treatment standards of N and P (less than 20mg/L of N, 2mg/L of P) to prevent the eutrophication of lake water, and therefore highly advanced treatment technology is required not only in the existing treatment plants where the activated sludge process is being used, but also in newly constructed treatment plants for the treatment of N and P. This study is aimed at highly operating the engineering technology method was developed by domestic to eliminate N and P at the same time. Experiments were conducted in the treatment plant located in Yong In city. The bioreactor was started from the principal equipment for the elimination of N and P and the elimination of organic compounds. It consists of an internal recycle piping from the end of the aerobic tank to the anoxic tank and external recycle piping from the final settling basin to the denitrification tank. By experiment of 4 types separate inflow of waste water to the denitrification tank and the anaerobic tank, and changes in staying time at the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank, the elimination of organic compounds in each type and the relationship in the efficiency between the elimination of N and P were researched.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2008

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is one of the most important medicinal herbs in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, we investigated the psychopharmacological activities of oroxylin A using the open field, rota-rod, balanced wire and plus-maze tests in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKY). Oroxylin A reduced hyperactivity in SHR (ADHD animal model) although it tended to increase locomotor activity in WKY. Methylphenidate did not reduce hyperactivity. Oroxylin A alleviated impulsive behaviors such as rearing, the percentage of moving time to the central area and the tendency to move into an unstable condition (open area in elevated plus-maze). Methylphenidate also reduced the percentage of staying time in the central area and the tendency to move into an unstable condition. Both oroxylin A and methylphenidate enhanced motor attention in SHR and WKY. Oroxylin A antagonized the muscimol ($GABA_A$ receptor agonist)-induced $Cl^-$current and its action was similar to that of bicuculline ($GABA_A$ receptor antagonist). The effects of oroxylin A may be caused by the antagonism at the $GABA_A$ receptor. Thus, oroxylin A may be a candidate of drug for treatment of ADHD.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 1989

The habitability of a reactor control room in a French 1300 MWe P'4 type PWR has been evaluated through the exposure dose assessment for the reactor operator following a Loss of Coolant Accident. The main hypotheses adopted in this evaluation are based on the French Standard Safety Analysis Report. A simple computer program, named COREX(Control Room EXposure), was developed to calculate : the time-integrated radioactivities released from the reactor building, the volume factors for radionuclides concerned and the resulting time-integrated external whole body and internal thyroid doses to the reactor operators staying in the control room up to 30 days following the LOCA. The results obtained in this study, on the whole, well agreed with those proposed by the EDF(Electricite de France) except for the case of the whole body exposure, which was attributed to the differences in the volume factors for the radionuclides concerned.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2014

Statistical trajectory analysis has been widely used to identify potential source regions for chemically and radiatively important chemical species in the atmosphere. The most widely used method is a statistical source-receptor model developed by Stohl (1996), of which the underlying principle is that elevated concentrations at an observation site are proportionally related to both the average concentrations on a specific grid cell where the observed air mass has been passing over and the residence time staying over that grid cell. Thus, the method can compute a residence-time-weighted mean concentration for each grid cell by superimposing the back trajectory domain on the grid matrix. The concentration on a grid cell could be used as a proxy for potential source strength of corresponding species. This technical note describes the statistical trajectory approach and introduces its application to estimate potential source regions of $CO_2$ enhancements observed at Korean Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory in Anmyeon-do. Back trajectories are calculated using HYSPLIT 4 model based on wind fields provided by NCEP GDAS. The identified $CO_2$ potential source regions responsible for the pollution events observed at Anmyeon-do in 2010 were mainly Beijing area and the Northern China where Haerbin, Shenyang and Changchun mega cities are located. This is consistent with bottom-up emission information. In spite of inherent uncertainties of this method in estimating sharp spatial gradients within the vicinity of the emission hot spots, this study suggests that the statistical trajectory analysis can be a useful tool for identifying anthropogenic potential source regions for major GHGs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.399-413
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out the significance and functions of the voice-over narration in the storytelling of the web-drama OH Ku-sil. As a result, the first person narration has enhanced the intimacy with a viewer via subjective statements and produced the two time zone effect that the image and the voice-over stood on different tenses. On the other hand, the third person narration has expanded its functions beyond those of the cinema and TV drama. First, the third person narration in OH Ku-sil has performed the essential role presenting significant information for the viewer's understanding story. Second, the objective/authoritative statements of the third person narration have changed to the subjective/suggestive statements. Third, the third person narrator has expanded his/her role from a narrator to a virtual character by means of the comic statements. It seems to be the existing narration's effective response to the web-drama's medium characteristics seeking efficient storytelling under the tight time restriction. Delivering speedily the story information and amusement, this evolutionary voice-over narration is changing its status from the staying off subject to the condition of the new medium called web-drama.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-150
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• 1999

The subjects, under 18 old, 2,694 children who visited ER during 1998, were surveyed by the Triage and other statitical data. The results were as follows 1. The male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1, and the toddler(1-4 old) was the majority. 2. Triage ; critical 1.3%, acute 14.6%, urgent 29.5%, nonemergent 54.6%. 3. The reasons of visiting ER ; 1) The children had diseases(46.5%), injury (36.9%), TA(5.6%) and toxication(1.0%). 2) In diseases, male to female ratio was 1.5 : 1 and in injury, male to female was 2 : 1. 3) Among the children having in TA, 12-18 old groups was the majority(34.9%). 4. The time of visiting : the 20:00 - 22:00 was the majority(16.9%). 5. By monthly and seasonal distribution ; Jan. (9.7%), Mar. and May(9% respectively, Dec. and July(6.7%) respectively. The children who visted ER in spring and autumn showed higher portion than those of summer and winter. 6. Results ; admission(27.4%), discharge(68.4%), operations(2.8%), and DOA and DAA(0.4%), The mortality of the infancy and toddler groups was 83.3%. The infancy group showed the highest rate of admission. 7. The time of staying in ER ; 1-2 hrs was the major group(23.3%) and the average was 4.6 hours. 8. By clinical departments ; Ped. was 34.4%, PS was 20.8%, Dental Surgery was 10.3% and Dermatology was 0.9%. 9. The types of visting ; the group who visited by themselves was 80%, transfer from the primary and secondary clinic was 17% and OPD was 3.0%. 10. The traffic means . by the own cars and taxi were 87.6%, by hospital ambulance was 6.1% and by 119 ambulance was 4.3%.