• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제13권2호통권54호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2009

통계적 구조물 손상진단에서 기저분포는 구조물에 손상이 없을 때 획득된 동적 응답 특성이 이루는 통계 분포이다. 일반적으로 구조물에 손상이 발생했을 때 손상에 민감한 구조물의 동적 응답 특성은 기저분포의 꼬리 부근에 주로 나타나게 된다. 최근 연구자들은 기저분포의 꼬리 부분을 정확하게 모사하기 위해 극치분포에 주목하고 있으나, 구조물 손상진단의 관점에서 극치분포의 이론적 이해에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 이 연구에서는 신뢰성 있는 통계적 구조물 손상진단을 위해 필요한 극치분포의 점근적 수렴성을 매개변수 추정법을 이용하여 규명한다. 특히, 극치 추출에 필요한 표본크기와 극치분포의 점근적 수렴성의 관계를 정량적으로 보인다. 또한, 극치분포 추정에서 표본크기와 통계적 구조물 손상진단에서 발생하는 손상오류경보 빈도에 대한 관계를 정량적으로 규명한다. 차량 이동하중을 받는 2경간 트러스 교량에서 수치해석 기법을 통해 모사된 가속도 데이터를 이용하여 제안된 기법의 타당성을 검증한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.699-715
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• 2015

A modal parameter based damage sensitive feature (DSF) is defined to mimic the relative change in any diagonal element of the stiffness matrix of a model of a structure. The damage assessment is performed in a statistical pattern recognition framework using empirical complementary cumulative distribution functions (ECCDFs) of the DSFs extracted from measured operational vibration response data. Methods are discussed to perform probabilistic structural health assessment with respect to the following questions: (a) "Is there a change in the current state of the structure compared to the baseline state?", (b) "Does the change indicate a localized stiffness reduction or increase?", with the latter representing a situation of retrofitting operations, and (c) "What is the severity of the change in a probabilistic sense?". To identify a range of normal structural variations due to environmental and operational conditions, lower and upper bound ECCDFs are used to define the baseline structural state. Such an approach attempts to decouple "non-damage" related variations from damage induced changes, and account for the unknown environmental/operational conditions of the current state. The damage assessment procedure is discussed using numerical simulations of ambient vibration testing of a bridge deck system, as well as shake table experimental data from a 4-story steel frame.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 사장교와 같은 장대형 구조물의 손상위치를 판단할 수 있는 손상평가 기법을 개발하고, 개발한 기법의 성능을 실험을 통하여 검증하고자 하였다. 손상평가 기법은 무손상 데이터가 확보되지 않은 상태에서 구조물의 손상평가가 가능하고, 구조물의 응답 데이터의 분석만으로 손상위치를 판단할 수 있는 데이터를 추출하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이러한 목표를 완성하기 위하여, 손상 위치 판별을 위하여 통계적 패턴인식 기술인 개선된 마할라노비스 거리(IMD : Improved Mahalanobis Distance) 이론에 기반하여 변동성이 고려된 손상평가 기법을 개발하였다. 개발한 손상평가 기법에는 구조물의 고유한 정보에 기반한 Simulation 프로그램을 반영하여 다양한 외력에 따른 구조물의 무손상 응답을 출력하도록 하였다. 개발한 기법의 성능을 실험적으로 평가하기 위하여 모형 사장교를 대상으로 케이블 손상실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 변동성이 고려된 손상평가 기법은 외력에 따른 무손상 데이터를 자동으로 출력하고, 출력된 무손상 데이터와 계측된 손상 데이터의 분석을 통하여 케이블의 손상 위치를 판단할 수 있는 정보를 추출하는 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.459-486
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• 2013

A novel damage classification method based on wavelet packet transform and statistical analysis is developed in this study for structural health monitoring. The response signal of a structure under an impact load is normalized and then decomposed into wavelet packet components. Energies of these wavelet packet components are then calculated to obtain the energy distribution. Statistical similarity comparison based on an F-test is used to classify the structure from changes in the wavelet packet energy distribution. A statistical indicator is developed to describe the damage extent of the structure. This approach is applied to the test results from simply supported reinforced concrete beams in the laboratory. Cases with single and two damages are created from static loading, and accelerations of the structure from under impact loads are analyzed. Results show that the method can be used with no reference baseline measurement and model for the damage monitoring and assessment of the structure with alarms at a specified significance level.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.285-301
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• 2010

In this work we first review the statistical data on large fires in urban areas, presenting a detailed list of causes of fires, the type of damage to concrete and reinforced concrete structures. We also present the modern experimental approach for studying the fire-resistance of different structural components, along with the role of numerical modeling to provide more detailed information on quantifying the temperature and heat flux fields. In the last part of this work we provide the refined models for assessment of fire-induced damage in structures built of concrete and/or reinforced-concrete. We show that the refined models of this kind are needed to provide a more thorough explanation of damage and to complete the damage assessment and post-fire evaluations.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1996년도 학술발표회
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

The assessment of catastrophic accidents such as BLEVE, vapor cloud explosion, and toxic material releases in the chemical process industries(CPI) shall be carried out according to the Requirement of PSM/SMS enforced by Korea Government Agencies, but reasonable models are not proposed for the practical application. The traditional models, TNT Equivalency Model, are well-known and helpful for the assessment of vapor cloud explosion. However, the estimated-damage-area using the traditional model has much more deviations comparing to the real damage caused by vapor cloud explosion suffered before. These are why an expert system for the assessment of vapor cloud explosion has been developed, which is based on theoretical, statistical and experimental data, and it would be helpful for CPI to evaluate the damage-area in case of vapor cloud explosion.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.133-150
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• 1999

Significant costs to the public and private sectors due to recent extreme wind events have motivated the need for systematic post-hurricane damage data collection and analysis. Current post disaster data are collected by many different interested groups such as government agencies, voluntary disaster relief agencies, representatives of media companies, academicians and companies in the private sector. Each group has an interest in a particular type of data. However, members of each group collect data using different techniques. This disparity in data is not conducive to quantifying damage data and, therefore, inhibits the statistical and spatial description of damage and comparisons of damage among different extreme wind events. The data collection does not allow comparisons of data or results of analyses within a group and also prohibits comparison of damage data and information among different groups. Typically, analyses of data from a given event lead to different conclusion depending upon the definition of damage used by individual investigators and the type of data collected making it difficult for members of groups to compare the results of their analyses with a common language and basis. A formal method of data collection and analysis-within any single group-would allow comparisons to be made among different individuals, hazardous events and eventually among different groups, thus facilitating the management and reduction of damage due to future disaster. This research introduces a definition of damage to single family dwellings, and a common method of data collection and analysis suited for groups interested in regional characterization of damage. The current state-of-data is presented and a method for data collection is recommended based on these existing data collection methods. A fixed-scale damage index is proposed to consider the damage to a dwelling's feature. Finally, the damage index is applied to three dwellings damaged by Hurricane Iniki (1992). The damage index reflects the reduced functionality of a structure as a single family detached dwelling and provides a means to evaluate regional damage due to a single event or to compare damage due to events of different severity. Evaluation of the damage index and the data available support recommendation for future data collection efforts.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

This paper presents the feasibility of an impedance-based damage detection technique using piezoelectric (PZT) transducers for civil infrastructures such as steel bridges. The impedance-based damage detection method is based on monitoring the changes in the electrical impedance. Those changes in the electrical impedance are due to the electro-mechanical coupling property of the piezoelectric material and structure. An effective integrated structural health monitoring system must include a statistical process of damage detection that is automated and real time assessment of damage in the structure. Once measured, damage sensitive features from this impedance change can be statistically quantified for various damage cases. The results of the experimental study on three kinds of structural members show that cracks or loosened bolts/nuts near the PZT sensors may be effectively detected by monitoring the shifts of the resonant frequencies. The root mean square (RMS) deviations of impedance functions between before and after damages were also considered as a damage indicator. The subsequent statistical methods using the impedance signature of the PZT sensors were investigated.

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신뢰성학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.213-222
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• 2000

In present study, a stochastic model is developed for the low cycle fatigue life prediction and reliability assessment of 316L stainless steel under variable multiaxial loading. In the proposed model, fatigue phenomenon is considered as a Markov process, and damage vector and reliability are defined on every plane. Any low cycle fatigue damage evaluating method can be included in the proposed model. The model enables calculation of statistical reliability and crack initiation direction under variable multiaxial loading, which are generally not available. In present study, a critical plane method proposed by Kandil et al., maximum tensile strain range, and von Mises equivalent strain range are used to calculate fatigue damage. When the critical plane method is chosen, the effect of multiple critical planes is also included in the proposed model. Maximum tensile strain and von Mises strain methods are used for the demonstration of the generality of the proposed model. The material properties and the stochastic model parameters are obtained from uniaxial tests only. The stochastic model made of the parameters obtained from the uniaxial tests is applied to the life prediction and reliability assessment of 316L stainless steel under variable multiaxial loading. The predicted results show good accordance with experimental results.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2011

This paper discusses a mechanical model for the vulnerability assessment of old masonry building aggregates that takes into account the uncertainties inherent to the building parameters, to the seismic demand and to the model error. The structural capacity is represented as an analytical function of a selected number of geometrical and mechanical parameters. Applying a suitable procedure for the uncertainty propagation, the statistical moments of the capacity curve are obtained as a function of the statistical moments of the input parameters, showing the role of each one in the overall capacity definition. The seismic demand is represented by response spectra; vulnerability analysis is carried out with respect to a certain number of random limit states. Fragility curves are derived taking into account the uncertainties of each quantity involved.