• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

The objective of this research work is to investigate into heat transfer characteristics of the laser cutting of CSP 1N sheet using high power CW Nd:YAG laser. In order to investigate the heat transfer characteristics, three dimensional quasi stationary and steady-state heat transfer analysis has been carried out. The laser heat source is assumed as a volumetric heat source with a gaussian heat distribution in a plane. Through the comparison of the results of analyses with those of experiments, the proper finite element model has been obtained. In addition, characteristics of the three-dimensional heat transfer and temperature distribution have been estimated by the finite element model. Finally, the minimum temperature at the center for cutting of the material has been estimated.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 1990

Analytic solutions of heat conduction during welding which were first found by Resenthal have some restrictions. One of these is that models to which analytic solutions can be applied must have simple geometric shape, and another is that quasi-stationary state must be created. On the other hand, computational methods developed recently with the aid of the computer can overcome these shortcomings, but the methods raise problems from economic point of view when they are applied to 3 dimensional problems. Taking account of these problems, a new method combinig the analytic method with the computational one is proposed. This method can be ued in weldments with complicated geometric shape in non-stationary state, but with the aid of the analytic method can reduce the computing time.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.149-153
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• 1996

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1623-1629
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• 2003

In this paper, the arc beam is considered as a moving disc heat source with a pseudo-Gaussian distribution of heat intensity. The solution for temperature distribution on welds is derived by using the image heat source method and the superposition method. It is general solution in that it can determine the temperature-rise distribution in and around the arc beam heat source, as well as the width and depth of the melt pool (MP) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in welding short lengths, where quasi-stationary conditions may not have been established. As a comparative study, the results of this analytical approach has been compared with that of the finite-element modeling. As a result, The theoretical analysis presented here has shown good consistency and is more time/cost-effective method compared with FEM.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.10 s.115
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2006

Acoustic streaming Induced by longitudinal vibration at 30 kHz is visualized for a test fluid flow between the stationary glass plate and ultrasonic vibrating surface with particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) To measure an increase in the velocity of air flow due to acoustic streaming, the velocity of air flow in a gap between the heat source and ultrasonic vibrator is obtained quantitatively using PIV. The ultrasonic wave propagating into air in the gap generates steady-state secondary vortex called acoustic streaming which enhances convective cooling of the stationary heat source. Heat transfer through air in the gap is represented by experimental convective heat transfer coefficient with respect to the gap. Theoretical analysis shows that gaps for maximum heat transfer enhancement are the multiple of half wavelength. Optimal gaps for the actual design are experimentally found to be half wavelength and one wavelength. A drastic temperature variation exists for the local axial direction of the vibrator according to the measurement of the temperature distribution in the gap. The acoustic streaming velocity of the test fluid in the gap is at maximum when the gap agrees with the multiples of half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, which are specifically 6 mm and 12 mm.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.65-78
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• 1997

The effect of $O_2$and Al contents and the variation of welding parameters such as arc currents, welding speed on the weld penetration was investigated. Examination of weld penetration using GTAW was accomplished in the ferritic STS410L and austenitic STS304. Good penetration could be controlled by the variation of $O_2$ and Al contents in STS304. However, influences of $O_2$ and Al contents on the ferritic STS410L are far less than those on the austenitic STS304. Welding parameters should be considered first before controlling $O_2$ and Al contents for a good penetration in ferritic STS410L. In the simulation study under the stationary heat sources, the results of simulation and experiment have a similar tendency.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1078-1088
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• 2010

In order to analyze the quantitative characteristics of acoustic streaming, experimental setup of 3-D stereoscopic PIV(particle imaging velocimetry) was designed and quantitative ultrasonic flow fields in the gap between the ultrasonic vibrator and heat source were measured. Utilizing acoustic streaming induced by ultrasonic vibration, surface temperature drop of cooling object was also measured. The study on smart cooling method by acoustic streaming induced by ultrasonic vibration was performed due to the empirical relations of flow pattern, average flow velocity, different gaps, and enhancement on cooling rates in the gap. Average velocity fields and maximum acoustic streaming velocity in the open gap between the stationary cylindrical heat source and ultrasonic vibrator were experimentally measured at no vibration, resonance, and non-resonance. It was clearly observed that the enhancement of cooling rates existed owing to the acoustic air flow in the gap at resonance and non-resonance induced by ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic wave propagating into air in the gap creates steady-state secondary eddy called acoustic streaming which enhances heat transfer from the heat source to encompassing air. The intensity of the acoustic streaming induced by ultrasonic vibration experimentally depended upon the gap between the heat source and ultrasonic vibrator. The ultrasonic vibration at resonance caused the increase of the acoustic streaming velocity and convective heat transfer augmentation when the flow fields by 3D stereoscopic PIV and temperature drop of the heat source were measured experimentally. The acoustic streaming velocity of air enhancement on cooling rates in the gap is maximal when the gap agrees with the multiples of half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, which is specifically 12 mm.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.787-800
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• 2000

In this paper we consider an optimal control system described by n-dimensional heat equation with a thermal source. Thus problem is to find an optimal control which puts the system in a finite time T, into a stationary regime and to minimize a general objective function. Here we assume there is no constraints on control. This problem is reduced to a moment problem. We modify the moment problem into one consisting of the minimization of a positive linear functional over a set of Radon measures and we show that there is an optimal measure corresponding to the optimal control. The above optimal measure approximated by a finite combination of atomic measures. This construction gives rise to a finite dimensional linear programming problem, where its solution can be used to determine the optimal combination of atomic measures. Then by using the solution of the above linear programming problem we find a piecewise-constant optimal control function which is an approximate control for the original optimal control problem. Finally we obtain piecewise-constant optimal control for two examples of heat equations with a thermal source in one-dimensional.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

Recently, the electro-magnetic induction process has been utilizing to substitute the flame heating process in shipyard. However, few studies have been performed to exactly analyze the deformation mechanism of the heating process with mathematical model. This is mainly due to the difficulty of modeling the inductor travelling on plate during the process. In this study, heat flux distribution of the process is firstly numerically analysed with the assumption that the process has a quasi-stationary state and also with the consideration that the heat source itself highly depends on the temperature of base plate. With the heat flux, the thermal and deformation analyses are then performed with a commercial program for 34 combinations of heating parameters. The deformations obtained and heating parameters are synthesized with a statistical method to produce simplified formulas, which easily give the relation between the heating parameters and deformations. The formulas are well compared with results of experiment.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

The brake system is an important part of the automobile safety system. The disc brake system is divided into two parts: a rotating axi-symmetrical disc, and the stationary pads. The frictional heat, which is generated on the interface of the disc and pads, can cause high temperatures during the braking process. The frictional heat source (the pads) is moving on the disc and the location is time-dependent. Our study applies a moving heat source, which is defined by the time and space variable on the frictional surface, in order to simulate the frictional heat behavior accurately during the braking process. The object of the present work is the determination of the temperature distribution and thermal stress in the solid disc by non-axisymmetric 3D modeling for repeated braking.