• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.42-45
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• 2007

Recrystallization behavior during ingot-breakdown process of Alloy 718 was investigated with finite element analysis and experimental approaches. In order to analyze microstructural changes during the cogging process of an Alloy 718 ingot, the side-pressing and heat treatment tests were performed at different temperatures and ram speed. From the side-pressing and heat treatment test results, it was found that microstructural changes during hot forging of Alloy 718 ingot greatly influenced on a close interaction between dynamic and static-recrystallization behaviors. A recrystallization model of Alloy 718 was used to predict the complex microstructural variation during continuous heating and forging processes of the cogging, and the predicted grain size and its distribution were compared with the actual cogged Alloy 718 billet.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.464-471
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• 2003

Among various methods to acquire high strength in plain carbon steel, the mettled of grain refinement by controlling thermo-mechanical processing parameters has gained a great attention if steel rolling industries. In the present study, three different rolling pass schedules are proposed to obtain fine grains which are based on combined results of recrystallization modelling, finite element analysis and experiment. Since meta-dynamic or dynamic recrystallization has been found to be very effective in producing fine grains, reduction ratio and interpass time in the proposed rolling pass schedules were determined in order to invoke such recrystallization as often as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.129-138
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the ability of a computer simulation of microstructural evolution in hot forging of C-Mn steels. The development of microstructure is strongly dependent on process variables and metallurgical factors that affect time history of thermodynamical variables such as temperature, strain. and strain rate during deformation. Then finite element method is applied for the prediction of microstructural evolution, and it should be coupled with heat transfer analysis to consider the change of thermodynamical properties during forming process. In this study, Yada's recrystallization model and rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method are employed in order to analyze microstructural evolution during hot forging process. To show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are accomplished and the results of experiments are compared with those of simulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.219-222
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• 1995

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the ability of a computer simulation of microstructural evolution in hot forging of C-Mn steels. The finite element method is applied to the prediction of the microstructural evolution, and it should be coupled with heat transfer analysis to consider the change of thermomechanical properties during the deformation. In this study, Yada's recrystallization model and rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method were employed in order to analyze microstructural evolution during hot forging process. To show the validity and effectveness of the proposed method, the experiment of hot compression process was accomplished and the results of experiment were compared with those of simulation. Consequently, this approach shows a good agreement with experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.169-172
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• 2002

Recently, the application of 3-roll mill is increasing, because of its flexibility in spread control and stand arrangements due to its compact size. But deformation characteristics and microstructural change in the process is not well known. In this study, austenite grain size (AGS) predictions were made by isothermal FE analyses and a microstructure model available in the literature. From this study, the effect of draught on the AGS characteristics was analyzed based on the divided zones of two major recrystallization behaviors.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.471-481
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• 1999

The properties of deformed products are generally dependent upon the distribution of microstureture. It is, therefore, necessary to make the distribution of microstureture uniform in order to achieve the best balance of properties in the final product. This is often a demanding task, even for conventional materials. It is become essential to achieving mechanical integrity and a desired combination of microstructure and properties. The objective mechanical integrity and a desired combination of microsttucture and properties. The objective of this study is to design the optimal die profile which can yield more uniform microstructure in hot extruded product. The microstructure evolution, such as dynamic and static recrystallization as well as grain growth, is investigated using the program com-bined with yada and Senuma's empirical equations and rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method. The die profile of hot extrusion is represented by Bezier-curve to define all available profile. In order to obtain the optimal die profile which yields uniform microstructure in the product the FPS(Flexible Polyhedron Search) method is applied to the present study. To validate the result of present study the experimental hot extrusion is performed and the result is compared with that of simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.185-188
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• 1997

Static restoration during hot interrupted deformation of 304 stainless steel was studied in the temperature range from 900 to 1100$^{\circ}C$ under various strain rate of 0.05∼ 5/sec and pass strain of 1/4∼3 times peak strain. The static restoration was dependent on the pass strain, deformation temperature and strain rate. Fractional softening(FS) values increased with increasing strain rate, deformation temperature and pass strain. Recystallization kinetics was well explained by the Avrami equation and the time for 50% recrystallization was evaluated using equation of t0.5=2.01${\times}$10-10$\varepsilon$-.156$\varepsilon$ -0.81Dexp(196.66/RT)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

Recently, a sheet forming process of Mg alloys is highlighted again due to increasing demand for Mg wrought alloys in the applications of casings of mobile electronics and outer-skins of light-weight transportation. Microstructure control is essential for the enhancement of workability and formability of Mg alloy sheets. In this research, AZ31 Mg alloy sheets were prepared by hot rolling process and the rolling condition dependency of the microstructure and texture evolution was studied by employing a conventional rolling mill as well as an asymmetric rolling mill. When rolled through multiple passes with a small reduction per pass, fine-grained and homogeneous microstructure evolved by repetitive dynamic and static recrystallization. With higher rolling temperature, dynamic recrystallization was initiated in lower reduction. However with increasing reduction per pass, deformation was locallized in band-like regions, which provided favorable nucleation sites f3r dynamic recrystallization. Through post annealing process, the microstructures could be transformed to more equiaxed and homogeneous grain structures. Textures of the rolled sheets were characterized by $\{0002\}$ basal plane textures and retained even after post annealing. On the other hand, asymmetrically rolled and subsequently annealed sheets exhibited unique annealing texture, where $\{0002\}$ orientation was rotated to some extent to the rolling direction and its intensity was reduced.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.239-246
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• 2023

To reduce the forming load due to the temperature drop, during the hot forging process, a reheating hot forging process design is required that to repeat heating and forging. However, if the critical strain required for recrystallization is not induced during forging and grain growth becomes dominant due to the reduction in dislocation density due to repeated heating, the mechanical properties may deteriorate. Therefore, in this study, Inconel 706 alloy was applied, and the grain refinement behavior was comparatively analyzed according to the number of reheating times and effective strain during reheating hot forging process. Reheating was carried out with a total compression rate of 40% up to 4 times. The Inconel 706 compression test specimens heated once showed finer grains as the effective strain increased due to the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon. However, as the number of heating increases, grain refinement was observed even in a low effective strain distribution of 0.43 due to static recrystallization during reheating. Moreover, grain growth occurs at a relatively low effective strain of 0.43 when the number of reheating is four or more. Therefore, it was effective to apply an effective strain of 0.43 or more during hot forging to Inconel 706 in order to induce crystallization through grain refinement and improve the properties of forged products. In addition, we could notice that up to three reheating times condition was appropriate to prevent grain growth and maintain fine grain size.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2012

This study aims to assess fatigue property by the static overload and average load in the fillet welded joints which is on the ship structural steel having gusset welds. To this end, a small specimen was made, to which the same welding condition for the actual ship structure was applied, to perform fatigue tests. In this study, a method to simply assess changes in welding residual stress according to different static overload was suggested. By measuring actual strain at the weld toe, the weld stress concentration factor and property which is determined by recrystallization in the process of welding were estimated to investigate the relation between overload and fatigue strength.