• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제91권5호
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• pp.427-441
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• 2024

Large-scale cantilever reinforced concrete (RC) columns with footing/stub were examined to determine their seismic response under a quasi-static increasing-magnitude cyclic lateral loading. Three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of RC columns with ductile and non-ductile reinforcement arrangements were developed in a Finite Element (FE) software, i.e., ABAQUS, to corroborate them with the experimental study conducted by the author. Both simulated models were validated with the experimental results in all respects, and the theoretical axial capacity of columns under concentric axial load (P₀) was calculated. Subsequently, a detailed parametric study was conducted by adopting the force and reinforcement variables. These variables include axial compression ratios (ACR) varying from 0.35P₀ to 0.7P₀ and the amount of lateral reinforcements taken as 0.33% and 1.31% representing the non-ductile and ductile columns, respectively. This research outcome conclusively quantifies the combined effect of ACR levels and lateral reinforcement spacing on the flexural response and ductility characteristics of RC columns. The comparative analysis reveals that increased ACR levels resulted in a severe reduction in strength, deformability and ductility characteristics of both ductile and non-ductile columns. Structural response of ductile columns at higher ACR levels was comparable to the non-ductile columns, nullifying the beneficial effects of ductile design provisions. Higher ACR levels caused decline in pre-peak and post-peak response trajectories, leading to an earlier attainment of peak response at lower drift levels.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2014

파형강판 구조물은 강판 세그먼트를 현장에서 볼트연결하고, 양질의 뒷채움 시공을 통해 시공성을 높일 수 있기 때문에 최근 생태통로, 소규모 교량 및 관로 등에 폭넓게 시공되고 있다. 본 연구는 휨하중을 받는 볼트연결된 파형강판 세스먼트의 정적 및 피로거동을 실험적으로 분석하였다. 피로거동을 분석하기 위하여 볼트 직경, 와셔와 같은 연결부 상세를 실험변수로 하였으며, 실험에 사용된 실험체의 파형의 제원은 $400{\times}150$ mm이다. 정적실험 결과 모든 실험체의 실험 극한강도가 이론강도보다 높게 나타났으며, 강판의 지압 및 상부강판 볼트구멍의 찢김에 의해 파괴되었다. 6mm와 7mm 강판에 대하여 하중범위 209kN에서 517kN사이로 피로실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과 정적 파괴시의 강판지압과 찢김파괴에서 피로실험시에는 강판지압과 볼트 전단의 형태로 변화하였으며, 2백만회 피로한계는 대략 85MPa로 분석되었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 심해(<220m)에 설치된 개단말뚝, 폐단 말뚝, 관내토 선단 하부지반 그라우팅말뚝에 대한 압력토조 모형 실험을 수행하여 해진에 대한 안정성을 연구하였으며, 각각의 경우 단일말뚝, 2개 및 4개 군말뚝에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 해진시 단일개단말뚝의 지지력은 말뚝의 지중관입 깊이에 의해 영향을 받았으나, 개단 군말뚝에서는 극히 짧은 (7m)관입깊이를 모델링한 경우를 제외하면 안정하였다. 또한, 단일폐단말뚝과 폐단군말뚝에서는 극히 짧은 97m) 관입깊이를 모델링한 경우만을 제외하면 안정을 유지하였다. 그러나, 13m의 지중관깊이를 모델링한 단일 그라우팅 말뚝의 지지력은 가변상태를 유지하였고, 20m의 관입깊이를 모델링한 그라우팅 군말뚝은 안정하였다.심해에 설치된 개단강관말뚝의 관내토와 선단 하부지반을 그라우팅함으로서 해진에 의한 관내토폐색의 파괴를 막을 수 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 폐단 말뚝은 개단 강관 말뚝보다 해진에 대해 안정하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5318-5326
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• 2014

본 논문은 철근대체재로서 유리섬유보강 플라스틱봉(GFRP : Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Bar)으로 보강한 콘크리트 보 및 일반 RC보의 휨파괴 실험결과를 비교하여 제시한 것으로 보강비와 콘크리트의 압축강도를 주요 실험변수로 설정하여 보의 균열발생 양상과 파괴모우드, 처짐, 변형률 및 최대하중을 측정하고 분석하였다. 실험결과, GFRP 보강보의 하중강도는 보강비와 콘크리트 강도가 증가할수록 크게 나타났으며, 동일 보강비일 경우 일반 RC보에 비하여 41.3~51.6% 증가하였다. GFRP 보강보의 처짐은 일반 RC보에 비하여 약 4.1~6.3배 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 실측처짐이 이론값보다 평균 31% 정도 작게 나타나 GFRP 보의 처짐계산시 사용되는 휨강성이 최대하중시 과소평가되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. GFRP 보의 균열폭은 RC보에 비하여 1.87~2.79배 크게 발생하였으며, 보강비와 콘그리트 강도가 증가할수록 다소 작은 것으로 나타났다. ACI code 440에 의해 산정한 설계휨강도는 대체적으로 안전측의 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2004

이 연구에서는 교량의 모드자료를 이용한 구조해석모델의 개선에 관하여 연구하였다. 교량의 초기해석모델은 도면 및 현장조사결과를 바탕으로 작성되므로, 시간에 따라 손실된 강성의 영향 및 경계조건 등을 합리적으로 반영하기 어려우며, 따라서 구조물에 대한 정적 혹은 동적실험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 반영하여 해석모델을 개선하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 연구에서는 구조물의 고유주파수 및 모드형상 등의 모드특성을 바탕으로 추계론적 최적화 기법인 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 해석모델을 개선하고자 하였다. 임진강교 및 행주대교에 대한 동적실험 자료를 이용하여 교량의 모드특성을 추정하였으며, 추정된 모드특성을 바탕으로 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 수치해석모델을 개선하였다. 개선된 모델을 사용하여 해석한 결과, 초기해석모델에 의한 해석결과보다 실험으로 추정한 모드특성에 가까움을 확인하였고, 이로부터 개선모델의 합리성을 검증하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.547-563
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• 2020

In this paper, the influence of axial compression ratio on the mechanical properties of new type joints of side span of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular column-H-type steel beam is studied. Two new types of side-span joints of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular column-H-type steel beam are designed and quasi-static tests of five new type joints with 1:2 scale reduction ratios are performed. The axial compression ratio of joint JD1 is 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, and the axial compression ratio of joint JD2 is 0.3 and 0.5. In the joint test, different axial forces were applied to the top of the column according to different axial compression ratios, and low-cyclic reciprocating load was applied on the beam. The stress and strain distribution, beam and column deformation, limit state, failure process, failure mechanism, stiffness degradation, ductile deformation and energy dissipation capacity of the joint were measured and analyzed. The results show that: with the increase of axial compression ratio, the ultimate bearing capacity of the joint decreases slightly, the plastic deformation decreases, and the stiffness and ductility decrease. According to the energy dissipation curve of the specimen, the equivalent damping coefficient also increases with the increase of axial compression ratio in a certain range, indicating that the increase of axial compression ratio can improve the seismic performance of the joint to a certain extent. The finite element method is used to simulate the joint test, and the test results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2023

In this study, a method has been proposed for the static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of multi-storey buildings, which takes into account the contribution of axial deformations in vertical load-bearing elements, which are especially important in tall and narrow structures. Shear deformations on the shear walls were also taken into account in the study. The presented method takes into account the effects that are not considered in the fishbone and flexural-shear beam models developed in the literature. In the Fishbone model, only frame systems are modeled. In the flexural shear beam model developed for shear wall systems, shear deformations and axial deformations in the walls are neglected. Unlike the literature, with the model proposed in this study, both shear deformations in the walls and axial deformations in the columns and walls are taken into account. In the proposed model, multi-storey building is represented as a sandwich beam consisting of Timoshenko beams pieced together with a double-hinged beam. At each storey, the total moment capacities of the frame beams and the coupled beams in the coupled shear walls are represented as the equivalent shear capacity. On the other hand, The sums of individual columns and walls moment at the relevant floor level are represented as equivalent moment capacity at that floor level. At the end of the study, examples were solved to show the suitability of the proposed method in this study. The SAP2000 program is employed in analyses. In a conclusion, it is observed that among the solved examples, the proposed sandwich beam model gives good results. As can be seen from these results, it is seen that the presented method, especially in terms of base shear force, gives very close results to the detailed finite element method.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2024

Recently, in newly constructed apartment buildings, the exterior wall structures have been characterized by thinness, having various openings, and a significantly low reinforcement ratio. In this study, a nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to investigate the crack damage characteristics of the exterior wall structure. The limited analysis models for a 10-story exterior wall were constructed based on the prototype apartment building, and nonlinear static analysis (push-over analysis) was performed. Based on the finite element (FE) analysis model, the parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of various design parameters on the strength and crack width of the exterior walls. As the parameters, the vertical reinforcement ratio and horizontal reinforcement ratio of the wall, as well as the uniformly distributed longitudinal reinforcement ratio and shear reinforcement ratio of the connection beam, were addressed. The analysis results showed that the strength and deformation capacity of the prototype exterior walls were limited by the failure of the connection beam prior to the flexural yielding of the walls. Thus, the increase of wall reinforcement limitedly affected the failure modes, peak strengths, and crack damages. On the other hand, when the reinforcement ratio of the connection beams was increased, the peak strength was increased due to the increase in the load-carrying capacity of the connection beams. Further, the crack damage index decreased as the reinforcement ratio of the connection beam increased. In particular, it was more effective to increase the uniformly distributed longitudinal reinforcement ratio in the connection beams to decrease the crack damage of the coupling beams, regardless of the type of the prototype exterior walls.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.91-112
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• 1995

현장타설말뚝기초가 보다 빈번하게 여러가지 구조물의 기초로 쓰이고 있다. 그러나, 경사하중하의 현장타설말뚝의 거동에 대하여는 알려진 사실이 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는, 경사하중을 받는 현장타설말뚝의 비배수거동에 대하여 연구하고자 체계적인 실험을 행하였다. 기초의 직경에 대한 깊이의 비와 하중의 경사도가 같은 변수들을 변화시키면서 행한 연구를 통하여 경사하중에 대한 지지력을 예측하는 반이론적 방법을 개발하였다. 시험변수들은 실제 송전탑건설시 가장 빈번하게 사용되는 대표적인 값들과 같도록 선택되었다. 직경에 대한 말뚝의 깊이비(D/B)가 서로 다른 짧은 강체말뚝에 대하여 논하였으며, 축방향 인발, 경사 인발, 그리고 경사 압축등과 같은 하중상태에 대하여 연구하였다. 경사지지력을 구조상호작용 방정식과 본 실험연구에서 개발한 공식을 사용하여 평가하여 보았다. 본 연구에서 개발한 새로운 공식은 실험실 시험치와, 제한적이나마, 현장의 실제시험치에 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2018

Elliptical bearings are widely used for large steam turbines owing to their excellent load carrying capacity and good dynamic stability. Power loss in bearings is an extremely important parameter, especially for high turbine capacities. Optimization of operation conditions and design variables such as bearing clearance and bearing length can reduce the power loss in elliptical bearings. Although changes in the oil supply method have served to increase the efficiency of the tilting pad journal bearing, it has not explicitly improved elliptical bearings. In this study, we verify the static characteristics of an elliptical bearing by changing the direction of oil supply. We evaluate the bearing power loss and bearing metal temperature, and compare the bearing performance and reliability in different test cases. The direction of oil supply is $90^{\circ}$ (9 o'clock) and $270^{\circ}$ (3 o'clock) when the rotor rotates in a counterclockwise direction. We use an elliptical bearing with an inner diameter and active length of 220.30 and 110.00 mm, respectively. Bearing power loss and bearing metal temperatures are measured and evaluated by rotor rotational speed, oil flow rate, and bearing load. The results reveal a 20 reduction in the power loss when the direction of oil supply is 90. Furthermore, the oil film on the upper part of the bearing has a high temperature when the direction of oil supply is $90^{\circ}$. In contrast, when the direction of oil supply is $270^{\circ}$, the oil film on the upper part of the bearing is relatively cold.