• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

We need to study about lower extremity alignment because the structure dictates the function of lower extremity. Through lower extremity alignment assessment in static posture, we recognize abnormal structural conditions which could affect dynamic motion such as gait. To evaluate of lower extremity alignment provide so many useful information, but method of measurement is so limited. Therefore, this review will assist understanding for measurement of lower extremity alignment in static posture. From now on study about the objective measurement method must be achieved much more in physical therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2004

We need to study about lower extremity alignment because the structure dictates the function of lower extremity. Through lower extremity alignment assessment in static posture, we recognize abnormal structural conditions which could affect dynamic motion such as gait. To evaluate of lower extremity alignment provide so many useful information, but method of measurement is so limited. Therefore, this review will assist understanding for measurement of lower extremity alignment in static posture. From now on study about the objective measurement method must be achieved much more in physical therapy.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2000

The alignment of the prosthetics is very important in an amputee's gait. In the present study. a static prosthesis-alignment device was developed. It consisted of a force plate with four load cells, a laser beam controlled by a step motor, and a control part programmed by PCBASIC. Using the static prosthesis-alignment device, we measured the distance between the load line and various joints of 24 normal volunteers in three standing postures. such as neutral, forward leaning, and backward leaning. Only neutral postures were evaluated on four trans-tibial amputees. The load line for the normal person's neutral position located anterior to the ankle, the knee, and the greater trochanter, but posterior to the shoulder joint. Forward and backward leaning of the normal person resulted in a significant anterior and posterior movements of the load line, respectively. The load line for the amputated side of the trans-tibial amputee also located anterior to the ankle, the extremity prostheses, providing a good relative locations of the load line with respect to various joints.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2859-2872
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• 2019

Interference alignment (IA) has been a powerful approach to achieve the maximum degree of freedom (DoF) for K users multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) interference channels. However, due to the feasibility constraint, aligning all the interference signals at each receiver is impractical for large K without symbol extension. In this paper, we propose two best-effort interference alignment (BEIA) schemes that the network selects the maximum number of interfering transmitters to align their signals given the feasibility conditions when each transmitter-receiver pair has a constant number of data streams. Besides, in case of not all interfering signals aligned at each receiver, an upper bound of the average throughput is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes have superiority over the traditional methods, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) and cluster IA(CIA), in low and moderate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region in terms of average user throughput. In addition, the proposed max-min relative interference distance alignment scheme outperforms the proposed scheme of equal interfering transmitters number alignment in terms of both average user throughput and minimum user throughput.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2013

In naval gun firing, firing accuracy comes from the combination of each component's accuracy in CFCS (Command and Fire Control System) like tracking sensors and gun. Generally, battery alignment is done to correct the error between gun and tracking sensor by using boresight telescope on harbor and sea. But normally, the battery alignment can compensate only the static alignment error and ignore dynamic alignment error which is caused by own ship movement. There was no research on this dynamic alignment error until now. We propose a new way to analyze dynamic arrangement error by using image of boresight telescope. In case of the dynamic alignment error was due to time delay of own ship attitude information, we propose the way to compensate it.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.768-773
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• 2005

We present an overview of our new method of liquid crystal (LC) alignment based on the anisotropic etching of the alignment layers with a directed plasma flux. The method is realized by the use of anode layer source of "race track" geometry generating two "sheets" of accelerated plasma. These sheets are directed obliquely to the treated substrates. The static and dynamic irradiation regimes have been explored. The optimized processing conditions and materials are discussed. The technique yields an excellent uniformity of liquid crystal alignment of planar, tilted and vertical types. It is shown that the new method can be easily adapted for the alignment treatment of large area substrates used in the modern LCD manufacturing process.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

The vulnerability of aircraft, especially rotary wing aircraft, has been an ongoing issue since their advent in combat operations during the 1940s. In this paper, representative sensors for survivability of those aircraft in modern battlefield are surveyed and top level requirements and parameters are defined. Also problems of multi-sensor alignment on modern agile and flexible platform are discussed and several techniques such as static alignment and transfer alignment are introduced.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of knee malalignment including genu varum, valgum, and recurvatum on static and dynamic postural stability. Methods: A total of 80 subjects were enrolled in this study. Subjects who showed over 3 cm in the distance between the knees were classified as the genu varum group, and subjects who showed over 3 cm in the distance between the ankles were classified as the genu valgum group. Subjects who showed over 1 cm in the distance between the patella and a table in prone position were classified as the genu recurvatum group. Static and dynamic stability were measured as overall, anterioposterior, and mediolateral balance index using a Biodex Balance System. Results: This study showed that knee alignment affected static and dynamic postural stability. In particular, there were significant differences in the mediolateral stability index among genu varum, valgum group, and the other groups, but no differences in overall and anteriolateral stability index. Significant differences in the anterioposterior stability index were observed between genu recurvatum and the other groups, however, there were no differences in overall and mediolateral stability index. Conclusion: The findings were that knee malalignment affects postural stability toward a specific direction. Treatment to improve postural stability for treatment of knee malalignment or to prevent falling or injuries is needed and postural stability toward a specific direction according to the knee alignment conditions should be considered.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.138-143
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• 2005

Recently, it is much more required to approach the accurate shaft alignment analysis according to the tendency of active showing in large container vessel and that of the heavy weight of propeller in connection with it. Shaft alignment calculation lies upon how the pressure apply on bearings properly in operation of main engine and how the stress of shaft puts within that of limit of bearing material and how the movement of shaft is prospected owing to propeller forces and moments. Therefore, we have conducted the shaft alignment calculation of very large container vessel considering the deformation of hull structure and the propeller forces and moments and the static and dynamic condition of shaft. The calculation results show the pressure distribution of aft bush and the movement of shaft in bearing. The shaft alignment calculation helps the stable application of shaft alignment, which was proved in sea trial.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.128-136
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Reformer and Chair Pilates exercise on static and dynamic lower limb alignment for healthy female adults. Method: Ten healthy young female adults without musculoskeletal injury history in last 6 months (Age: 29.3 ± 3.5 yrs., Height: 165 ± 3.4 cm, Body mass: 58.2 ± 5.4 kg) participated in this study. All participants asked to join the 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Reformer and Chair Pilates exercise, and the program was conducted for 60 minutes twice a week. Participants were asked to be measure a static Q-angle and performed free squat one week before and after the program. A 3-D motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 5 channels of EMG was executed in this study. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated by paired t-test, and the significance level was set at .05. Results: A significantly decreased in internal rotation angles was found at hip joint during free squat after the training. Also, significantly decreased in lateral rotation angles were found at knee and ankle joint during free squat after training. Finally, significantly decreased in muscle activations were found at adductor longus and peroneus longus during free squat after training. Conclusion: From results of our study, it is concluded that an 8-week closed kinetic chain typed Pilates exercise positively effect on lower limb alignment during dynamic movement.