• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.620-627
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• 2000

실시간 프로그램은 다양한 응용분야에 중요하게 이용되고 있는데, 기존의 일반 언어는 시간적인 개념을 고려하여 설계하지 않았으므로 실시간 응용에 부적합하며, 이를 해결하기 위한 실시간 언어는 시간 개념을 표현하기 위하여 많은 문법이 추가되어 기존 프로그래머에 익숙치 못한 결점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 C언어에 익숙한 프로그래머들이 저항감 없이 실시간 프로그래밍을 할 수 있는 언어를 설계하고 구현한다. 이 구현에서는 시간 트리를 이용함으로써 원시 언어와 목적 언어의 연결이 가능하며, 정적 분석을 이용한 결과를 코드 생성에 이용함으로써 외부적인 타이머 없이 시간적인 사건의 처리가 가능하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.258-263
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• 2007

임베디드 시스템은 그 복잡도가 나날이 증가하고 있는데, 특히 기능성 외에 주어진 시간 제약 조건을 만족해야 한다는 점에서 개발 및 검증이 어렵다는 특징을 갖고 있다. 특히 검증에 대해서는 많은 경우에 적당한 시나리오들을 잡아 반복적인 시뮬레이션을 하는 방법을 사용하는데, 이 방법은 많은 시간이 걸리며, 적당한 시나리오들을 잡기 어렵다는 문제 또한 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 데이터플로우 모델과 유한상태기계 모델을 확장하여 시스템에 자원 사용 정보 및 시간 제약 조건을 명세하고, 이 모델들에 기반한 정적 시간 분석 방법을 제시하고 있다. 본 논문에서 제시한 방법을 통해 검증 시 자동으로 필요한 시나리오들에 대해 검증을 수행할 수 있으며, 시뮬레이션 등 긴 시간이 걸리는 검증 방법을 최소한으로 사용할 수 있다는 이점을 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

Embedded systems have a set of tasks to execute. These tasks can be implemented either on application specific hardware or as software running on a specific processor. The design of an embedded system involves the selection of hardware software resources, Partition of tasks into hardware and software, and performance evaluation. An accurate estimation of execution time for extreme cases (best and worst case) is important for hardware/software codesign. A tighter estimation of the execution time bound nay allow the use of a slower processor to execute the code and may help lower the system cost. In this paper, we consider an ARM-based embedded system and developed a tool to estimate the tight boundary of execution time of a task with loop bounds and any additional program path information. The tool we developed is based on an exiting timing analysis tool named 'Cinderella' which currently supports i960 and m68k architectures. We add a module to handle ARM ELF object file, which extracts control flow and debugging information, and a module to handle ARM instruction set so that the new tool can support ARM processor. We validate the tool by comparing the estimated bound of execution time with the run-time execution time measured by ARMulator for a selected bechmark programs.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.632-640
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• 2007

The low force estimation method of skeletal muscle was proposed by using ICA(independent component analysis) and neuro-transmission model. An EMG decomposition is the procedure by which the signal is classified into its constituent MUAP(motor unit action potential). The force index of electromyography was due to the generation of MUAP. To estimate low force, current analysis technique, such as RMS(root mean square) and MAV(mean absolute value), have not been shown to provide direct measures of the number and timing of motoneurons firing or their firing frequencies, but are used due to lack of other options. In this paper, the method based on ICA and chemical signal transmission mechanism from neuron to muscle was proposed. The force generation model consists of two linear, first-order low pass filters separated by a static non-linearity. The model takes a modulated IPI(inter pulse interval) as input and produces isometric force as output. Both the step and random train were applied to the neuro-transmission model. As a results, the ICA has shown remarkable enhancement by finding a hidden MAUP from the original superimposed EMG signal and estimating accurate IPI. And the proposed estimation technique shows good agreements with the low force measured comparing with RMS and MAV method to the input patterns.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.375-393
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• 2008

The dynamic cast operation allows flexibility in the design and use of data management facilities in object-oriented programs. Dynamic cast has an important role in the implementation of the Data Management Services (DMS) of the Mission Data System Project (MDS), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's experimental work for providing a state-based and goal-oriented unified architecture for testing and development of mission software. DMS is responsible for the storage and transport of control and scientific data in a remote autonomous spacecraft. Like similar operators in other languages, the C++ dynamic cast operator does not provide the timing guarantees needed for hard real-time embedded systems. In a recent study, Gibbs and Stroustrup (G&S) devised a dynamic cast implementation strategy that guarantees fast constant-time performance. This paper presents the definition and application of a cosimulation framework to formally verify and evaluate the G&S fast dynamic casting scheme and its applicability in the Mission Data System DMS application. We describe the systematic process of model-based simulation and analysis that has led to performance improvement of the G&S algorithm's heuristics by about a factor of 2. In this work we introduce and apply a library for extracting semantic information from C++ source code that helps us deliver a practical and verifiable implementation of the fast dynamic casting algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.108-116
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• 1989

The simulator described here-LOSIM(LOgic SIMulator)-was developed to verify the logic design for VLSI(Very Large Scale Integrated) circuits at mixed level. In this paper, we present a modeling approach to obtain more accurate results than conventional logic simulators [5-6,9] for general elements, functional elements, transmission gates and tri-state gates using eight signal values and two gignal strengths. LOSIM has the capability which can perform timing and hazard analysis by using assignable rise and fall delays. We also prosent an efficient algorithm to accurately detectdynamic and static hazards which may be caused by the circuit delays. Our approach is based on five logic values and the scheduled time. LOSIM has been implemented on a UN-3/160 workstation running Berkeley 4.2 UNIX, and the program is written in C language. Static RAM cell and asynchronous circuit are illustrated as an example.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2012

This paper presents a transformable track mechanism for wall climbing robots. The proposed mechanism allows a wall climbing robot to go over obstacles by transforming the track shape, and also increases contact area between track and wall surface for safe attachment. The track mechanism is realized using a timing belt track with one driving actuator. The inner frame of the track consists of serially connected 5R-joints and 1P-joint, and all joints of the inner frame are passively operated by springs, so the mechanism does not require any actuators and complex control algorithms to change its shape. Static analysis is carried out to determine design parameters which enable $90^{\circ}$ wall-to-wall transition and driving over projected obstacles on wall surfaces. A Prototype is manufactured using the transformable track on which polymer magnets are installed for adhesion force. The size of the prototype is $628mm{\times}200mm{\times}150mm$ ($Length{\times}Width{\times}Height$) and weight is 4kgf. Experiments are performed to verify its climbing capability focusing on $90^{\circ}$ wall to wall transition and driving over projected obstacle.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

We present interactive methods for visualizing the cloud height data and the backscatter data collected from ceilometers in the three-dimensional virtual space. Because ceilometer data is high-dimensional, large-size data associated with both spatial and temporal information, it is highly improbable to exhibit the whole aspects of ceilometer data simply with static, two-dimensional images. Based on the three-dimensional rendering technology, our visualization methods allow the user to observe both the global variations and the local features of the three-dimensional representations of ceilometer data from various angles by interactively manipulating the timing and the view as desired. The cloud height data, coupled with the terrain data, is visualized as a realistic cloud animation in which many clouds are formed and dissipated over the terrain. The backscatter data is visualized as a three-dimensional terrain which effectively represents how the amount of backscatter changes according to the time and the altitude. Our system facilitates the multivariate analysis of ceilometer data by enabling the user to select the date to be examined, the level-of-detail of the terrain, and the additional data such as the planetary boundary layer height. We demonstrate the usefulness of our methods through various experiments with real ceilometer data collected from 93 sites scattered over the country.