• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.642-651
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• 2009

The history of excavator design is not long enough which still causes most of the design considerations to be focused on static analysis or simple functional improvement based on static analysis. However, the real forces experiencing on each component of excavator are highly transient and impulsive. Therefore, the prediction and the evaluation of the movement of the excavator by dynamic load in the early design stage through the dynamic transient analysis of the excavator and ensuring of design technique plays an importance role to reduce development-cost, shorten product-deliver, decrease vehicle-weight and optimize the system design. In this paper, Commercial software DADS and ANSYS help to develop the track model of the crawler type excavator, and to evaluate the performance and the dynamic characteristics of excavator with various simulations. For that reason, the track of crawler type excavator is modelled with DADS Track Vehicle Superelement, and the reaction forces on the track rollers were predicted through the driving simulation. Also, the upper frame and cabin vibration characteristics, at the low RPM idle state, were evaluated with engine rigid body modelling. And flexibility body effects were considered to determine the more accurate joint reaction forces and accelerations under the upper frame swing motion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2002

This paper presents exact autotransformer-fed AC electric railroad system modeling using constant current mode, and single-phase STATCOM(Static Synchronous Compensator) which has an effect on electric railroad system. An AC electric railroad is rapidly changing single-phase feeding electric power. To avoid voltage fluctuation under single phase loads, electric power should be received from a large source. The system modeling theory is based on the solution of algebraic. The AC electric railroad load model is nonlinear. Therefore this paper is considered nonlinear load using PSCAD/EMTDC. And the proposed modeling method is considered the line self-impedances and mutual-impedances that techniques for the AC electric railroad system modeling analysis, and that single-phase STATCOM can reliably compensate the voltage drop. In the case study, the allowance range of feeding voltage is 22.5∼27.5 kV, AT-fed AC electric railroad system circuit is analyzed by loop equation both normal and extension modes. The simulation objectives are to calculate the catenary and rail voltages with respect to ground, as the train moves along a section of line between two adjacent ATs. The results show that single-phase STATCOM can reduce the voltage drop in the feeding circuit and improve the power quality at AC electric railroad system by compensating the reactive power.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.74
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• pp.369-374
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• 2006

This paper describes dynamic characteristics of a power transmission tower consisting of lots of power lines and insulators. A numerical 3D modeling for the static, dynamic and buckling analyses of the power transmission tower is presented considering the case when the power lines are cut. Eigenvalue analysis indicates that the transmission tower shows different behavior comparing to usual structures governed by several low modes. The transmission tower is governed by lots of modes. It is verified that the transmission tower is structurally safe against the static wind and buckling loads. But the structural and buckling safety is not guaranteed when all power lines are cut, which comes to collapse the transmission tower. Further study is in need to overcome such case. Wind dynamic analysis shows that fluctuating wind loads increase the response of the tower.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.501-521
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• 2013

This paper is concerned with static and dynamic shape control of a laminated Bernoulli-Euler beam hosting a uniformly distributed array of resistively interconnected piezoelectric patches. We present an analytical one-dimensional model for a laminated piezoelectric beam with material discontinuities within the framework of Bernoulli-Euler and extent the model by a network of resistors which are connected to several piezoelectric patch actuators. The voltage of only one piezoelectric patch is prescribed: we answer the question how to design the interconnected resistive electric network in order to annihilate lateral vibrations of a cantilever. As a practical example, a cantilever with eight patch actuators under the influence of a tip-force is studied. It is found that the deflection at eight arbitrary points along the beam axis may be controlled independently, if the local action of the piezoelectric patches is equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, to the external load. This is achieved by the proper design of the resistive network and a suitable choice of the input voltage signal. The validity of our method is exact in the static case for a Bernoulli-Euler beam, but it also gives satisfactory results at higher frequencies and for transient excitations. As long as a certain non-dimensional parameter, involving the number of the piezoelectric patches, the sum of the resistances in the electric network and the excitation frequency, is small, the proposed shape control method is approximately fulfilled for dynamic load excitations. We evaluate the feasibility of the proposed shape control method with a more refined model, by comparing the results of our one-dimensional calculations based on the extended Bernoulli-Euler equations to three-dimensional electromechanically coupled finite element results in ANSYS 12.0. The results with the simple Bernoulli-Euler model agree well with the three-dimensional finite element results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1236-1244
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• 2012

A equivalent stiffness modeling has been performed for extracting the equivalent stiffness properties which are orthotropic elastic model from a large scale wind turbine rotor blade so that structure model can be constructed more simply for the three dimensional static aeroelastic analysis. In order to present the procedure of equivalent stiffness modeling, NREL 5MW class wind turbine rotor having the three stiffness information which are flapewise, edgewise and torsional stiffness was chosen. This method is based on applying unit moment at the tip of the blade as well as fixing all degree of freedom at the blade root and calculating the displacement from the load analysis to obtain the elastic modulus corresponding to equivalent stiffness referred to the NREL reports on blade divided into 5 sections respectively. In addition, one section was divided into 3 parts and the trend functions were used to make the equivalent stiffness model more correctly and quickly. Through the comparison of stiffness between the reference values and calculated values from equivalent stiffness model, the investigation of the accuracy on the stiffness values and the efficiency for constructing the model was conducted.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 2020

Curved steel-concrete composite box girder has been widely adopted in urban overpasses and ramp bridges. In order to investigate its mechanical behavior under complicated and combined bending, shear and torsion load, two large-curvature composite box girders with interior angles of 25° and 45° were tested under static hogging moment. Based on the strain and deflection measurement on critical cross-sections during the static loading test, the failure mode, cracking behavior, load-displacement relationship, and strain distribution in the steel plate and rebar were investigated in detail. The test result showed the large-curvature composite box girders exhibited notable shear lag in the concrete slab and steel girder. Also, the constraint torsion and distortion effect caused the stress measured at the inner side of the composite beam to be notably higher than that of the outer side. The strain distribution in the steel web was approximately linear; therefore, the assumption that the plane section remains plane was approximately validated based on strain measurement at steel web. Furthermore, the full-process non-linear elaborate finite element (FE) models of the two specimens were developed based on commercial FE software MSC.MARC. The modeling scheme and constitutive model were illustrated in detail. Based on the comparison between the FE model and test results, the FE model effectively simulated the failure mode, the load-displacement curve, and the strain development of longitudinal rebar and steel girder with sufficient accuracy. The comparison between the FE model and the test result validated the accuracy of the developed FE model.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.581-593
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• 2021

This model is proposed to describe the buckling behavior of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in an elastic medium taking into account the combined effects of the magnetic field, the temperature, the nonlocal parameter, the number of walls. Using Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory, thin cylindrical shell theory and Van der Waal force (VdW) interactions, we develop a system of partial differential equations governing the buckling response of CNTs embedded on Winkler, Pasternak, and Kerr foundations in a thermal-magnetic environment. The pre-buckling stresses are obtained by applying airy's stress function and an adjacent equilibrium criterion. To estimate the nonlocal critical buckling load of CNTs under the simultaneous effects of the magnetic field, the temperature change, and the number of walls, an optimization technique is proposed. Furthermore, analytical formulas are developed to obtain the buckling behavior of SWCNTs embedded in an elastic medium without taking into account the effects of the nonlocal parameter. These formulas take into account VdW interactions between adjacent tubes and the effect of terms involving differences in tube radii generally neglected in the derived expressions of the critical buckling load published in the literature. Most scientific research on modeling the effects of magnetic fields is based on beam theories, this motivation pushes me to develop a cylindrical shell model for studying the effect of the magnetic field on the static behavior of CNTs. The results show that the magnetic field has significant effects on the static behavior of CNTs and can lead to slow buckling. On the other hand, thermal effects reduce the critical buckling load. The findings in this work can help us design of CNTs for various applications (e.g. structural, electrical, mechanical and biological applications) in a thermal and magnetic environment.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.760-768
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• 2016

Recently, as one of the policies for carbon free operation method of independent power system replacing diesel generator with renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaic(PV) system has been presented. Therefore, this paper proposes an operation algorithm and modeling of independent power system by considering CVCF(constant voltage constant frequency) ESS(energy storage system) for constant frequency and voltage, LC(load control) ESS for demand and supply balancing and SVC(static var compensator) for reactive power compensation. From the simulation results based on the various operation scenario, it is confirmed that proposed operation algorithm and modeling may contribute stable operation and carbon free in independent power system.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2006

When induction motor moves, power quality decline of line is risen seriously because provoking voltage drop the moment to system power supply by excessive moving current as well as power-factor drop in case drive by light-load because current reaches in 6 times $\sim$ 8 times of rated current. In this paper, a modeling did an distribution system 13 bus type model and induction machine load presents in IEEE using a PSCAD/EMTDE package, and it displayed an accident conspiracy and a compensating factor of DSTATCOM through simulation show.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.703-710
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• 2019

While fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials have been largely used in the retrofitting of concrete buildings, its application has been limited because of some problems such as de-bonding of FRP layers from the concrete surface. This paper is the part of a wide experimental and analytical investigation about flexural retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) columns using FRP and mechanical fasteners (MF). A new generation of MF is proposed, which is applicable for retrofitting of RC columns. Furthermore, generally, to evaluate a retrofitted structure the nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are the most accurate methods to estimate the performance of a structure. In the nonlinear analysis of a structure, accurate modeling of structural elements is necessary for estimation the reasonable results. So for nonlinear analysis of a structure, modeling parameters for beams, columns, and beam-column joints are essential. According to the concentrated hinge method, which is one of the most popular nonlinear modeling methods, structural members shall be modeled using concentrated or distributed plastic hinge models using modeling parameters. The nonlinear models of members should be capable of representing the inelastic response of the component. On the other hand, in performance based design to make a decision about a structure or design a new one, numerical acceptance should be determined. Modeling parameters and numerical acceptance criteria are different for buildings of different types and for different performance levels. In this paper, a new method was proposed for FRP retrofitted columns to avoid FRP debonding. For this purpose, mechanical fasteners were used to achieve the composite behavior of FRP and concrete columns. The experimental results showed that the use of the new method proposed in this paper increased the flexural strength and lateral load capacity of the columns significantly, and a good composition of FRP and RC column was achieved. Moreover, the modeling parameters and acceptance criteria were presented, which were derived from the experimental study in order to use in nonlinear analysis and performance-based design approach.