• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-216
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• 2016

The increased speed of a train causes increased loads that act on the track substructures. To ensure the safety of the track substructures, proper maintenance and repair are necessary based on an accurate characterization of strength and stiffness. The objective of this study is to develop and apply a cone penetrometer incorporated with the dynamic cone penetration method (CPD) for investigating track substructures. The CPD consists of an outer rod for dynamic penetration in the ballast layer and an inner rod with load cells for static penetration in the subgrade. Additionally, an energy-monitoring module composed of strain gauges and an accelerometer is connected to the head of the outer rod to measure the dynamic responses during the dynamic penetration. Moreover, eight strain gauges are installed in the load cells for static penetration to measure the cone tip resistance and the friction resistance during static penetration. To investigate the applicability of the developed CPD, laboratory and field tests are performed. The results of the CPD tests, i.e., profiles of the corrected dynamic cone penetration index (CDI), profiles of the cone tip and friction resistances, and the friction ratio are obtained at high resolution. Moreover, the maximum shear modulus of the subgrade is estimated using the relationships between the static penetration resistances and the maximum shear modulus obtained from the laboratory tests. This study suggests that the CPD test may be a useful method for the characterization of track substructures.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2018

동적 하중을 받는 암반의 역학적 거동은, 같은 크기의 최대 하중이라도 정적으로 가해지는 경우와는 다른 특성을 보인다. 동적 하중 하에서의 거동 특성을 규명하기 위한 실험적 접근 방법은 동적 하중의 제어와 계측 및 해석에 있어서 정적 조건에서의 실험 방법보다 더 많은 어려움이 있다. 수치해석적 방법은 물리적 실험이 아니라 수치해석적으로 실험을 실시함으로써 물리적 제약을 덜 받으므로 설계 단계에서 매우 유력한 해석 도구가 될 수 있다. 그러나 수치해석방법은 해석방법의 알고리즘이 적정하더라도, 입력 자료와 경계조건의 설정에 따라 계산 결과가 많이 달라질 수 있으므로 해석 시 세심한 주의가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 동적 하중을 받는 암반 구조물의 거동을 수치해석적으로 검토할 때, 경계 조건, 동적 하중과 계산 시간 간격, 동적 하중 특성이 계산 결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하여, 동적 해석 시 경계조건과 계산 시간 간격의 설정 지침을 제공하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2006

Load representation has a significant impact on power system analysis and control results. In this paper, composite load models are developed based on on-line measurement data from a practical power system. Three types of static-dynamic load models are derived: general ZIP-induction motor model, Exponential-induction motor model and Z-induction motor model. For the dynamic induction motor model, two different third-order induction motor models are studied. The performances in modeling real and reactive power behaviors by composite load models are compared with other dynamic load models in terms of relative mismatch error. In addition, numerical consideration of ill-conditioned parameters is addressed based on trajectory sensitivity. Numerical studies indicate that the developed composite load models can accurately capture the dynamic behaviors of loads during disturbance.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.371-382
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• 2023

Box girder bridges are now widely used in bridge construction, and it is necessary to perform load rating regularly to evaluate the load capacity of box girder bridges. Load testing is a common measure for load rating. However, the bridge must be loaded by many trucks under different loading conditions, which is time-consuming and laborious. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a load rating method for box girder bridges based on rapid moving loads testing. The method includes three steps. First, the quasi-influence factors of the bridge are obtained by crossing the bridge with rapidly moving loads, and the structural modal parameters are simultaneously obtained from the dynamic data to supplement. Second, an objective function is constructed, consisting of the quasi-influence factors at several measurement points and structural modal parameters. The finite element model for load rating is then updated based on the Rosenbrock method. Third, on this basis, a load rating method is proposed using the updated model. The load rating method proposed in this paper can considerably reduce the time duration of traditional static load testing and effectively utilize the dynamic and static properties of box girder bridges to obtain an accurate finite element model. The load capacity obtained based on the updated model can avoid the inconsistency of the evaluation results for the different structural members using the adjustment factors specified in codes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.253-269
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• 2019

This paper investigates the effects of the tensile catenary action on dynamic increase factor (DIF) in the nonlinear static analysis for progressive collapse of steel-frame buildings. Numerical analyses were performed to verify the accuracy of the empirical and analytical expressions proposed in the literature in cases where the catenary action is activated. For this purpose, nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of a series of steel moment frame buildings with a different number of spans and stories were carried out following the alternate path method. Different column removal scenarios were considered as separate load cases. The dynamic increase factor that approximately compensates for the dynamic effects in the nonlinear static analysis was selected so to match results from the nonlinear dynamic analysis. The study results showed that the many expressions in literature may not work in cases where the catenary stage is fully developed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.700-705
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• 2003

The object of this study is to ensure the stability of flat freight cars using vibration performance test and static load test of body structures. We examined the flat car though static load test and dynamic characteristics analysis related traveling stability and vibration performance. In the results of static load test of body structures for flat car, all structures satisfied allowable stress of materials. The vibration performance test was satisfied with allowable standards. Although flat car exceed speed a little at some speed interval, it was estimated that the cause was not cars but rail.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

In the design of high speed railway bridges is important a impact factor as a tool of assessing the dynamic capacitys of bridges. However, the impact factor(or dynamic amplification factor, DAF) of high speed railway bridges may essentially be changeable because the dynamic response is affected by the long train length(380 m), number of axles and high speed velocity(300 km/h)(Korea Train eXpress: KTX). Therefore, on this study will be examined the dynamic capacity and stability of the typical PSC Box Girder of high speed railway bridge. At first, the static/dynamic analysis is performed considering the axle load line of KTX based upon existing references. Additionally, the KTX moving load is transformed into the dynamic time series load for conducting various parameter studies like axle length, analytical time increment, velocity of KTX. The time history analysis is repeatedly performed to get maximum dynamic responce by varying axle load length, analytical time increment, velocity of KTX. The study shows that dynamic analysis has resonable results with optimal axle load length(0.6 m) and time increment(0.01 sec.) and maximum DAF and dynamic resonance happens at 270 km/h velocity of KTX.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

본 연구는 동하중의 영향을 받는 구조물의 효율적인 구조 해석 및 최적화 수행을 위해 임계 시간의 동하중을 등가 정하중으로 변환하는 방법을 제안한다. 동하중을 등가 정하중으로 변환하기 위해서는 적절한 자유도 선정이 중요하다. 그러나, 기존 방법에서는 자유도의 선정이 임의로 이루어져서 몇 개의 자유도에 과도한 정하중이 부과되거나, 구조물의 거동에 영향력이 없는 자유도들이 선정됨으로써 신뢰성이 떨어지는 결과를 제공하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 2단계 축소기법과의 연동을 통해 중요 자유도를 선정하고, 선정된 자유도에 등가 정하중을 부과하는 방법을 제안하다. 주자유도는 구조물의 거동에 지배적인 영향력을 갖고 있으며, 손상 탐지나 시스템 검증에서도 중요한 의미를 갖는 자유도이다. 수치예제를 통해 선정된 자유도에 등가 정하중을 분포시킨 후 동하중하의 시간 응답과 비교하여 그 신뢰성을 확인한다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2004

This paper presents the effects of the bump foil stiffness on the static and dynamic performance of the foil journal bearings. Reynolds equation is used for the static and dynamic performance analyses. To consider the deflection of top foil the top foil is modeled as a elastic beam and the bump foil is modeled as a spring. So in the static performance analysis the load capacity is compared to the various bump foil stiffness and in the dynamic performance analysis the trajectory of journal center is compared to the various bump foil stiffness.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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• 제4회(2015년)
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• pp.239-245
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• 2015

In this paper, to examine the difference between the linear and non-linear static, dynamic analysis for a structure, a cantilevered beam was used. Then, an external transverse static and dynamic loads were applied at the free end of the beam. Classical theories were used for the linear analysis and the EDISON CSD solver, co-rotational dynamic FEM program, was used for nonlinear analysis. In the static analysis, effects of the load for the beam deflection were observed in the linear and nonlinear analysis. Then, normalized displacement of tip of the beam was predicted for different frequency ration and a significant difference was obtained in the vicinity of the resonant frequency. In addition, effects of frequency and time for the beam deflection were investigated to find the frequency delay.