• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.256-261
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to examine whether anxiety and depression of children and mothers were associated with the children's medically unexplained somatic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods : 83 clinic-referred boys with ADHD and 52 boys without ADHD were included in this study. The frequency of the medically unexplained somatic symptoms, such as general-ache, headache, nausea, eye problems, skin problems, abdominal pain, vomiting was evaluated using the somatic symptom domain of the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL). Children's anxiety and depression were evaluated using Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) for children. Maternal anxiety and depression were measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI). Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesis. Results : Score of maternal state anxiety affects the T score of the somatic symptom domain in CBCL significantly(adjusted $R^2$=0.057 ; p=0.026). Conclusion : The frequency of medically unexplained somatic symptom of children perceived by mothers was associated with the high level of maternal state anxiety in ADHD. Frequent maternal report of the children's somatic symptom may be a warrant for the evaluation and management of the maternal state anxiety in ADHD.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.564-572
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of anxiety and PTSD in battered women. Method: The data were collected from 555 women who were stratified samples according to 15,000:1 from a target population in Korea from November 18, 2004 to February 18, 2005. The data was analysed using the SPSS program. Results: Predictors of anxiety were self esteem, stress, state anger, social support, trait anger, negotiation, and psychological violence. These variables explained 55.8% of anxiety. Predictors of PTSD were self esteem, state anger, trait anger, psychological violence, stress, and anger-in. These variables explained 43.2% of PTSD. Conclusion: It is considered that the importance of separating the effects of the different types of violence when taking into account its effects on women's mental health. To promote women's mental health, it is needed to develop self esteem improvement programs, and anger and stress management programs.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제12권10호
• /
• pp.365-375
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 대학생의 스마트폰 중독사용 정도에 따른 상지통증과 불안, 우울 및 대인관계의 관계를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료 수집은 2012년 5월부터 6월까지 일 대학의 대학생들 중 스마트폰 사용자를 대상으로 스마트폰 중독사용 정도, 상지통증, 불안, 우울 및 대인관계에 대해 구조화된 질문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 응답내용이 누락되거나 불완전한 경우를 제외한 525명의 자료를 분석하였다. 스마트폰 중독사용 정도에 따른 상지통증, 불안, 우울 및 대인관계의 차이는 $x^2$와 t-test로 분석하였고, 스마트폰 중독사용, 불안, 우울 및 대인관계의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 중독사용군은 62명(11.8%)이었다. 여자 대학생의 스마트폰 중독사용 정도는 남자 대학생에 비해 심각했으며, 하루에 스마트폰을 사용하는 시간이 긴 대상자가 스마트폰 중독사용 정도가 높았다. 스마트폰 중독사용군이 정상사용군에 비해 어깨통증 호소가 많았으나 다른 부위의 상지 통증의 차이는 없었다. 상태불안, 특성불안, 우울 모두 중독사용군이 정상사용군보다 높았다. 그리고 스마트폰 중독성향이 강할수록 상태불안, 특성불안 및 우울 정도는 높았고, 상태불안, 특성불안 및 우울 정도가 높을수록 대인관계는 좋지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 스마트폰 중독사용 고위험군을 조기에 선별하고, 이들을 위한 바른 자세, 다양한스트레스 대처방법, 긍정적인 정신건강 및 효율적인 대인관계 향상 등의 중독 예방프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2013

Objective : The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between childhood abuse and affective symptom including resilience in patients with depression or anxiety. Methods : A total 256 outpatients diagnosed with depressive disorder or anxiety disorder according to DSM IV-TR, were evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (PCCTS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Independent t-test, Chi-square analysis and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to identify the demographics of patients and the relationship between affective symptoms including resilience and childhood abuse. Results : Among demographic and clinical variables, patients with childhood abuse history were significantly higher rate in patients who were living alone and unemployed. In affective symptoms, patients with childhood abuse history were significant more severe in depressive symptoms, and state anxiety score than patients without history of childhood abuse. Patients with childhood abuse history had higher score for trait anxiety and lower score for resilience than patients who had no history of childhood abuse. Conclusion : These finding suggest that history of childhood abuse might be risk factor on depressive and anxiety symptoms severity. And this might be a predictable factor of poor treatment outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.125-137
• /
• 2001

학습장애를 가진 86명의 초등학교 남학생과 52명의 정상적인 초등학교 남학생의 자아상과 우울, 그리고 상태-특성 불안에 관하여 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도, 소아우울척도(이하 CDI), 상태-특성불안 척도(이하 STAI)를 이용하여 조사하였다. 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점에서는 두 군 사이에 차이가 발견되지 않았으나, 지적 및 학업 상태 항목과 신체적 외모, 행복과 만족 소척도에서는 두 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 관찰되었다. 소아우울척도의 총점과 그 소척도 중 부적합함, 무쾌감증, 부정적인 자기 존중 항목에서 학습장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 더 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 상태불안은 정상 아동보다 학습장애 아동에서 높게 보고되었으나 특성 불안에 대해서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 정상 아동에서는 나이에 따른 자아상과 우울척도, 불안 척도의 의미 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, 학습장애 아동에서는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도와 그 소척도의 대부분이 통계적으로 의미 있게 감소하였고, 소아우울척도의 부정적 감정과 무쾌감증, 부정적 자기 평가, 상태 불안, 특성 불안 등은 연령과 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 나타내어서 학년이 올라갈수록 자아상은 저하되고 우울과 불안을 느끼는 강도와 범위가 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 두 군 모두에서 소아우울척도는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점과 그 소척도들과 의미 있는 역의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 상태불안과 특성불안과는 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 조사 결과 학업과 관련된 자아상의 문제와 자신이 남들과 당당히 맞설 수 있는 자신감의 문제가 학습장애에서 더 많이 나타났고, 나이가 들수록 자아상이 저하되며 불안과 우울은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀분석 결과 학습장애 아동의 자아상을 설명하는 변수들로는 나이와 자아상 척도의 행동문제, 지적 및 학업상태, 불안, 인기도, 행복과 만족, 그리고 소아우울척도의 부적합함, 대인관계문제, 부정적 자기-존중 및 상태 불안인 것으로 드러나서 학습 장애 아동의 자아상은 학업 문제와 자신을 또래와 비교하여 겪는 스트레스로 인해 부정적인 영향을 받는다는 것이 확인되었다. 결론적으로 학습장애를 가진 초등학교 남학생은 정상 초등학교 남학생보다 자아상이 낮고 우울과 불안을 더 많이 느끼며, 이런 차이는 학년이 올라갈수록 커졌다. 학습장애에서 우울증과 불안 장애가 많이 동반되기 때문에 임상에서 학습장애 아동을 치료할 때 정서 장애의 동반 여부를 확인하고 이를 적극적으로 치료하는 것이 중요한 과제이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.375-389
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) programme on the physical condition and anxiety level of hypertension workers. The research was designed in the pre and post-test. Sample test was done in five workers with essential hypertension. They were divided in two groups:- Group A and Group B. The Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) was applied three times a week for Group A and five times a week for Group B. The SRM was given in 40 minutes each time for 4 weeks from the 1st of January to the 30th of April in 2001. In order to evaluate the effect on SRM. blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured as physical parameters and state trait anxiety inventory was used twice each time between before and after the exercise. The collected data was analysed by Mann-Whitney test with SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Average age for the subjects were 39.8 (ranged from thirty-two to fifty-three) and average period of hypertension history was 42 months (ranged from twenty to eighty-four). 2. There was no significant difference between two examined groups in blood pressure. But, there was a significant difference in SRM of pre and post-test for two groups. 3. There was no significant difference in blood cholesterol between two groups and between pre and post-test. 4. State trait anxiety showed significant difference between pre and post-test except the results between two groups. This result suggests that SRM is effective on the decrease of systolic and diastolic pressure and the relief of state trait anxiety except for the blood cholesterol. Therefore, blood cholesterol is needed further evaluation in large subjects and longer period. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare the precise effects of SRM on the foot reflex massage (FRM) in anxiety.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 1995

Objectives : Insomnia is significantly influenced by the pre-sleep arousal, self efficacy, sleep hygiene, depression and anxiety. The authors tried to explore how these factors are related with the clinical features of sleep. Methods : Fifty three patients diagnosed as insomnia by DSM-IV criteria were studied. They filled up the pre-sleep arousal scale(PSAS), sleep efficacy scale(SES), sleep hygiene awareness and practice scale, BDI, and state and trait anxiety scales. Results: 1) The mean values of sleep-related variables were as follows : Sleep latency,136.89 minutes ; frequences of awakening during a night, 2.28 ; minutes to get back to sleep, 42.70 ; total sleep time, 180.19 minutes ; duration of illness, 72.00 months. 2) The mean scores of scales were as follows : PSAS(cognitive), 22.40 ; PSAS(somatic), 17.32 ; SES, 20.16 ; sleep hygiene knowledge, 25.96 ; caffein knowledge, 59.78 ; sleep hygiene practice, 42.12 ; BDI. 18.2 ; state anxiety, 41.24 ; trait anxiety ; 44.50. 3) In the subjects with superimposed depression, the mean frequency of awakening during a night and the mean pre-sleep arousal scale score were higher than in those without depression. 4) Frequency of awakening were correlated positively with a PSAS(a tight tense feeling in your muscle) and sleep hygiene awareness. PSAS(cognitive) were correlated positively with a PSAS(somatic). BDI correlated positively with a PSAS item(a jittery, nervous feeling in your body)and a SES item (not allow a poor night's sleep to interfere with daily activities). Anxiety scales were correlated positively with sleep hygiene practice scale sleep, and PSAS were correlated negatively with SES. Conclusions : The mean scores of PSAS, SES, sleep hygiene awareness and practice scale, BDI, state and trait anxiety scales of insomniacs were correlated either positively or negatively in insomnia patients. These factors seem to contribute to the development and maintainence of insomnia.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 1997

Backgrounds : There has been many studies investigating the causes of farmers' syndrome. In some studies, psychologic stress is related to farmer's syndrome. And the diagnostic criteria of farmer's syndrome is similar to those of generalized anxiety disorder. So we carried out this study to investigate the psychiatric causes of farmers' syndrome. Methods : This study was done in some rural and urban areas of Kyoungsangnam Province, July, August, October and November of 1996. Those who came to free medical service and completed interview, medical examination and laboratory examination and 20-59 years old were 150 persons. And those who came to health center for health examination and completed only interview and 20-59 years old were 94 persons. The questionnaire was composed of sociodemographic factors, health risk factors, farmer's syndrome, work load, BEPSI(inventory to measure stress), Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory, self-rating depression scale. To examine statistical significance, we used X2-test, Mantel-Haenszel test for linear association, t-test, ANCOVA, correlation, multiple regression, logistic regression. Results : The prevalence of farmer's syndrome, adjusted for age and sex with population of Kyungsangnam Province of 1993 was 208 per 1,000(90 per 1,000 in men and 329 per 1,000 in women). In bivariate analysis, farmer's syndrome was significantly related to age, sex, job, income, smoking, alcohol drinking, work load, BEPSI, state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, body mass index, Hwa-Byung, hypertension, anemia. However, when age and sex were adjusted, job was not significantly related to farmer's syndrome. The score of farmer's syndrome was significantly related to age, sex, work load, BEPSI, trait anxiety by multiple regression. Farmer's syndrome was significantly related to increasing age(odd ratio 1.079, 95% C.I. 1.060 - 1.099), sex(odds ratio of male 0.434, 95% C.I. 0.349 - 0.540), and BEPSI(odds ratio 1.231, 95% C.I. 1.148 - 1.320) by logistic regression. Results of logistic regression analysis of the component symptoms of farmer's syndrome were as follows. Shoulder stiffness was significantly related to increasing age, female sex and BEPSI. Lumbago was significantly related to increasing age, female sex and trait anxiety. Numb limbs and nocturia was significantly related to increasing age and female sex. Breathlessness was significantly related to work load, sleeplessness was significantly related to depression, dizziness was significantly related to job and state anxiety, and abdominal fullness was significantly related to female sex. Conclusion : Farmers' syndrome was related to work load, but was more related to psychiatric factors such as BEPSI and trait anxiety. And the occupation was not risk factor of farmers' syndrome in this study, so further study is needed to investigate the cause of farmers' syndrome.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of the Qigong training program on the anxiety and labor pains of primipara. Method: The research subjects were a total of 60 primipara who consulted a doctor regularly concerning their antenatal care. Among them, 30 people were the experimental group, and the other 30 people were the control group, and were selected as homogeneous with the experimental group. The degree of anxiety and labor pains were measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS). SPSS WIN 11.0 was used for data analysis. Obstetric and general characteristics between experimental and control groups, and a homogeneity test of state and trait anxiety were done by both $X^2$ test and t-test. The hypothesis testing was analyzed by ANCOVA with a covariate of pretest value. Result: The first hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower anxiety than those who do not join' was supported (F=28.8, p<.000). The second hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower labor pain than those who do not join' was unsupported. Conclusion: It was verified that the Qigong training program was effective in alleviating anxiety; however it did not have any effect on relieving labor pain, so more in-depth research is needed later on.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2006

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether patients with temporomandibular disorder have more anxiety than normal people. Methods: Patients group(n=50) with TMD and normal group(n=30) without TMD and other disease completed STAl(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and there was comparison of mean scores between patients and normal groups. Results: The mean of total STAl scores of patients group was $91.32{\pm}20.32$, whereas that of normal group was $81.27{\pm}12.97(p<0.01)$. The mean of state-anxiety scores of patients group was $45.68{\pm}11.30$, whereas that of normal group was $40.70{\pm}7.28(p<0.05)$. The mean of trait-anxiety scores of patients group was $45.64{\pm}10.02$, whereas that of normal group was $40.57{\pm}7.22(p<0.05)$. There was a tendency that patients with TMD had more anxiety. So, doctors had better give attention to patients' anxiety when they treat the patients with TMD.