• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-447
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate foodservice management of child care centers in Ansan and to suggest the basic data for foodservice management improvement. A questionnaire survey of 48 child care centers in Ansan was undertaken. Child care centers were categorized large (children eve. 100) and small(children less than 100) by size and public and private by type. Survey questionnaires consisted of general background, employee, food inspection and storage, kitchen, cooking facilities, food distribution and hygiene utensils. The results of this study are summarized as follows: because 46.9% to 56.3% of the centers took a dietitian in employment, foodservices in most of centers were not managed by professionals. The average of employee were 0.77 persons in smalll centers and 1.65 persons in large centers. The average space of kitchen were 3.86 pyung in smalll center, 6.06 pyung (1 pyung=$3.3058m^2$) in large centers. According to the data analyzed from Food inspection and storage, kitchen, cooking facilities, food distribution and hygiene utensils, the results indicate that the foodservice management of child care centers were in a relatively poor state. The director in child care centers should recognize the importance of the sanitation management and pay more attention to food service facilities. To improve foodservice performance at child care centers, it is required fur the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family to develop both the kitchen facility model based on the general sanitation standards and guidelines for child care centers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-88
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• 2024

Security and reliability are the utmost importance facts in intelligent networked vehicles. Stochastic Petri Net and Z (SPZN) as an excellent formal verification tool for modeling concurrent systems, can effectively handles concurrent operations within a system, establishes relationships among components, and conducts verification and reasoning to ensure the system's safety and reliability in practical applications. However, the application of a system with numerous nodes to Petri Net often leads to the issue of state explosion. To tackle these challenges, a refinement and abstraction method based on SPZN is proposed in this paper. This approach can not only refine and abstract the Stochastic Petri Net but also establish a corresponding relationship with the Z language. In determining the implementation rate of transitions in Stochastic Petri Net, we employ the interval average and weighted average method, which significantly reduces the time and space complexity compared to alternative techniques and is suitable for expert systems at various levels. This reduction facilitates subsequent comprehensive system analysis and module analysis. Furthermore, by analyzing the properties of Markov Chain isomorphism in the case study, recommendations for minimizing system risks in the application of intelligent parking within the intelligent networked vehicle system can be put forward.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1485-1496
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• 2002

In order to investigate the fire-induced smoke movement in a three-dimensional room with an open door, numerical and experimental study was performed. The center, wall, and corner fire plumes for various sized fires were studied experimentally in a rectangular pool fire using methanol as a fuel. The numerical results from a self-developed SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) field model were compared with experimental results obtained in this and from literature. Comparisons of SMEP and experimental results have shown reasonable agreement. As the fire strength became larger for the center fires, the air mass flow rate in the door, average hot layer temperature, flame angle and mean flame height were observed to increase but the doorway-neutral-planeheight and the steady-state time were observed to decrease. Also as the wall effect became larger in room fires, the hot layer temperature, mean flame height, doorway-neutral-planeheight and steady-state time were observed to increase. In the egress point of view considering the smoke filling time and the early spread of plume in the room space, the results of the center fire appeared to be more dangerous as compared with the wall and the corner fire. Thus it is necessary to consider the wall effect as an important factor in designing efficient fire protection systems.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2010

This study analyzed the performance of solar chimney system for natural ventilation in underground space. A mathematical model of the solar chimney was proposed in order to predict its performance under varying parameters and Korea climatic condition. Steady state heat transfer equations were set up using a energy balanced equations and solved using a inverse matrix method. Numerical simulation program to analyze system was developed by using MATLAB. As the results, the ventilation performance of the solar chimney was determined by the temperature difference of air channel and inlet, and the temperature difference was influenced by insolation, stack height and distance of air gab. Also the solar chimney system can provide $262.9m^3/h$ of annual average ventilation rate. Because seasonal differences of ventilation rate was calculated within 25%, the solar chimney system can be used for every season in Korea climatic condition. Through this study, performance of solar chimney system for natural ventilation was verified by numerical method. Consequently, the solar chimney system is proved to be effective device for natural ventilation utilizing at all times, and the additional studies should be made through the experimental method for imagineering and commercialization.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.5 s.95
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• pp.451-460
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• 2005

We present a methodology to design energy-efficient data paths using FPGAs. Our methodology integrates domain specific modeling, coarse-grained performance evaluation, design space exploration, and low-level simulation to understand the tradeoffs between energy, latency, and area. The domain specific modeling technique defines a high-level model by identifying various components and parameters specific to a domain that affect the system-wide energy dissipation. A domain is a family of architectures and corresponding algorithms for a given application kernel. The high-level model also consists of functions for estimating energy, latency, and area that facilitate tradeoff analysis. Design space exploration(DSE) analyzes the design space defined by the domain and selects a set of designs. Low-level simulations are used for accurate performance estimation for the designs selected by the DSE and also for final design selection We illustrate our methodology using a family of architectures and algorithms for matrix multiplication. The designs identified by our methodology demonstrate tradeoffs among energy, latency, and area. We compare our designs with a vendor specified matrix multiplication kernel to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology. To illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology, we used average power density(E/AT), energy/(area x latency), as themetric for comparison. For various problem sizes, designs obtained using our methodology are on average $25\%$ superior with respect to the E/AT performance metric, compared with the state-of-the-art designs by Xilinx. We also discuss the implementation of our methodology using the MILAN framework.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to simulate the suitable space of parking lots for Mass traffic instigating facilities in Pusan. After the suitable scale of parking lots estimate using GPSS, one of the Queue Simulation, with the average arriving time and the average parking time at parking lots, the formula is simulated by the Regression model to relate a total floor area and the suitable number of parking lots. The improved criteria or present parking lots is needed to prevent the unnecessary vehicles and improve the efficiency of land use. The suitable scale of parking lots estimate just with the state of using the parking lots in this study. but it is necessary to consider land use, traffic condition, commercial area etc.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

This study was designed to find tendencies of housing value orientation of the model steel house visitors. Questionnaires were collected in June, 1997, 1,550 in total, 508 cases from Seoul, 456 cases from Pohang, and 486 cases from Kwangyang. Data were analyzed in terms of housing value orientation, using statistical methods including frequencies, mean, percentages, chi-square test and multiple regression. The major findings are as follows; 1. The subjects were highly educated(64% of them were college graduates) with the monthly income over 2,000,000won(approximately $1,540). The average monthy income of the subjects in Seoul, about 4,000,000won($3,070), was much higher than that of other areas. Most of the subjects were condominium owners(72%), who preferred single detatched houses or town houses located in suburban areas. 2. Differences in general tendencies among the three regional groups were statistically significant. Most significantly, subjects living in Pohang regarded the reputation of the building construction company most importnat. Subjects of all three regional areas, especially in Pohang, emphasized investment value. The price of the steel house was regarded as very important by all the groups tested. The housing value orientation was analyzed in 3 aspects; (1) Facility.Plumbing.Structure(FPS), (2) Interior space formation.Design(ID) and (3) Developmental complex.Near Environment(DN). Interior environment level, stability of house structure, and finighing state of interiors were identified as the important factors in the area of FPS(p<.05). The Interior plan organization was the most important factor among ID. As for DN, rated importantly were educational facilities, green areas, convenience of commercial facilities within the developmental complex were rated importantly.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

The Active Constrained Layer Damping(ACLD) combines the simplicity and reliability of passive damping with the low weight and high efficiency of active control to attain high damping characteristics. The proposed ACLD treatment consists of a viscoelastic damping which is sandwiched between an active piezoelectric layer and a host structure. In this manner, the smart ACLD consists of a Passive Constrained Layer Damping(PCLD) which is augmented with an active control in response to the structural vibrations. The arc type shell model is introduced to describe the interactions between the vibrating host structure, piezoelectric actuator and viscoelastic damping. The system is modeled by applying ARMAX model and changing a state-space form through the system identification method. An optimum control law for the piezo actuator is obtain by LQR(Linear Quadratic Regulator) method. The performance of the ACLD system is determined and compared with PCLD in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ACLD treatment. Also, the actuation capability of a piezo actuator is examined experimentally by varying thickness of viscoelastic material(VEM).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.946-953
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• 2022

Using the management strategy evaluation methods and data on the Korea chub mackerel Scomber japonicus where the state-space logistic production model is used as the operation and the estimation model respectivley, we examined the effects of both Dorn's rule, α and the buffer value for ABC (allowable biological catch), which are used by the Korea fishery managers for decision rules. We set scenarios that have different pairs of buffer and α values, which include those currently used in the management in Korea. Under each sceanario, we projected the fish population biomass until year 2050, during which ABC is determined in each year with the decision rule. We used three kinds of performance measures: (i) whether the biomass in 2050 is overfished; (ii) the average of annual yields over the simulation period; and (iii) the variability of annual yields over the period. We found that the current practice (buffer=0.9, and α = 0.05) resulted in the best performance in terms of avoiding the "overfished" status. However, the current practice failed to reach the maximum average of the annual yields and led to larger uncertainty in the annual yields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

Now in order to overcome the weakest points of the rural areas of the city of Kimje and, transform them into rural cultural villages which have local governing systems suitable to new localization age and activate this plan, we selected Daesan Village as a model village which had shown a lot of potentials in the basic research and studied it dividing it into the former part and the latter part. We studied Daesan village in the former part focusing on state analysis and basic ideas and in the latter part focusing on master plan and detail planning. We can summarize the conclusion like the followings. 1. Daesan Village located 8 kilometer away from the downtown Kimje and the city of Iksan respectably has comparatively good environment of good sunny place as an open field whose surrounding configuration of the ground consists of farming lands and low hills in front and rear. It has 38 farming households in all. 2. Human environment(인문환경); the village road whose width is about 4 meters is forming a flow system forking off into three. There is a route bus which operates three times a day even into the inside of the village. The main sources of revenue are vegetables in facilities, fruits and floriculture. Their average revenue is about 10.5 million won. 3. Here in DaeSan Village a legend dealing with Teasan literally meaning a big mountain consist of th village's tradition and you can see the tombs of a very faithful son and Anwi an army general in the age of the Japanese Invasion of Korea of 1592 to 1598 inside the village. 4. 85 out of the eitire population 141 whose age are over 20 showed very positive attitudes in a questionnaire about, making the village a cultural one and its development. 5. The basic of planned ideas is to increase the revenue of the farming household by making the village a professional farming one which has a state-of the-art production facility and agricultural technique. It is to make the village the one where people can enjoy the sense of the rural life and the farmer can enjoy their lives through consumptive and consistant leisure and resting activities. 6. We are planning to make entrance space, life space, rest and sport space, and cultural space considering the characteristics of the village and the demand of the resident. We are also planning to make tile entire city of Kimje an information transmitting base in short and long term perspectives. 7. DaeSan Village was planned as a place where tradition and the future exist together. On the basis of this concept we planned future programs for Daesan Village and in the latter part of the study master plans and detail plans will be continued.the regional agricultural condition. The development permissions were only during the period of restricted to use ($1979.12{\sim}1993.11$). We propose that the authority of development permission should be given to the local autonomy government, because the local government has the knowledge of its individual agricultural conditions.