• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2002

With regard to the manufacture of dental prosthesis, all the dental mechanism is of vital significance at the aspect of activating its function by fixing the prosthesis to Patient's oral cavity. However, if there we will take our immediate action without the discretion about its process none the less for the importance of dental mechanism, then we might have a serious problem. Accordingly, there need to pay attention to the dilatability makes up for the shrinkage state occurring by the feature of metal materials and manufacturing process which appeared in the process of dental mechanism, which eventually is expected to playa very important role in casting a dental prosthesis appropriate to one's oral tissue. This study was designed to take into account of the effects on margin consistency of prosthesis according to the continued time of casting-ring in the course of the casting of dental alloy. For this, the researcher made an experiment on the casting of dental alloy, its dilatability, and the change of phase. The results of this study were as follows: First, the researcher could see that the sample which was cast under the condition of $650^{\circ}C/20$ Minutes(the continued time) was far superior to others at the aspect of margin consistency. Second, according to the measurement of expansion coefficient by Dilatometer, the researcher perceived the fact that the expansion-coefficient showed a maximum of $37.1{\mu}m$ considering the sample's length which was cast with ordinary temperature under the condition of $650^{\circ}C/20$ Minutes. Third, from the result of X-ray diffraction under the condition of $650^{\circ}C/20$ Minutes(the continued time), the researcher could find that there's no difference between the change of phase and its intensity. As mentioned above, the researcher could ascertain the fact that its contraction don't give rise to the change of phase.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.839-846
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• 1994

Changing concepts in fishery science increasingly are recognizing depletion of traditional stocks, utilization of alternate(non-traditional) species, demand for high quality products, and a total resource utilization approach. Innovative practices are occurring in fisheries processing wherein solid and liquid discharges are no longer treated as 'waste,' but rather as valuable feedstocks for recovery of a variety of value-added ('value enhanced') by-products. Among these are protein hydrolysates, soluble proteins and amino acids, proteolytic enzymes, flavor and flavor extracts, pigments, and biopolymers such as chitosan. Properties and applications of this deacetylated derivative of chitin are noted. Crustacean processing by-products are discussed in terms of their serving as materials for generation of natural flavors and flavor extracts, and products such as fish sauces using contemporary enzymatic techniques. Various food and feed applications of fisheries processing by-products are illustrated with increased usage seen in formulated diets for an expanding aquaculture market. Examples are given of aquaculture becoming increasingly significant in global fisheries resource projections. Critical issues in the international seafood industry Include those of seafood quality, processing quality assurance (HACCP), and recognition of the nutritional and health-related properties of fisheries products. A variety of current seafood processing research is discussed, including that of alternate fish species for surimi manufacture and formulation of value-added seafood products from crawfish and blue crab processing operations. Increasing emphasis is being placed on international aspects of global fisheries and the role of aquaculture in such considerations. Coupled with the need for the aquatic food industry to develop innovative seafood products for the 21st century is that of total resource utilization. Contemporary approaches in seafood processing recognize the need to discard the traditional concept of processing 'waste' and adapt a more realistic, and economically sound, approach of usable by-products for food and feed application. For example, in a period of declining natural fishery resources it is no longer feasible to discard fish frames following fillet removal when a significant amount of residual valuable flesh is present that can be readily recovered and properly utilized in a variety of mince-based formulated seafood products.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13
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• pp.27-42
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• 1996

With the rapid development of nowadays technologies, the environment of product development is experiencing structural changes than ever. Manufacturers are put under never-experienced pressures to launch their products in the market both faster and less expensively than their competitors while continuously improving product quality These pressures have given birth to so-called, Concurrent Engineering which is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of products and their related processes, including manufacture and support. Most manufactiring companies now recognize the importance of concurrent engineering and put heavy emphasis on the research and impementation of concurrent engineering. However, with this fundamental change in the process of product development, designers rarely pay attention to this newly demanding process. Designers still stay in the middle of process, satisfying their roles in dealing with aesthetic points of product. Designers badly need to incorporate the concept of concurrent engineering to design to design process and to adapt to this new environment. With these backgrounds, the study sets the objective to understand the nature of concurrent engineering and explore the possibility of it's application to industrial design. Particularly this study focuses on how the concept of concurrent engineering can be applied from the stage of form development to prototyping. At first, background, objectives, and scope of the study are discussed as an introductory part. It is followed by reviewing theories of concurrent engineering such as definition, history, technologies, examples, state of art and so on. Subsequently industrial design is viewed in terms of concurrent engineering and problems in industrial design are identified. Base on the findinss of precedent part of study, new process of industrial design incorporating concurrent engineering is developed. For the demonstration of new process, a case study of design of palm-top printer is introduced. Case study shows how the sketch, and forms can be transformed into prototyping with the simultaneous cooperation with engineering and other related specialists. Finally the study in summarized and future studies are prospected.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2002

In this study copper chloride(CuCl$_2$) solution was used as raw material to produce the fine copper oxide powder which has less than 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ average particle size and has uniform particle size distribution by spray pyrolysis process. In the present study, the effects of reaction temperature, the injection speed of solution and air, the nozzle tip size and the concentration of raw material solution on the properties of produced powder were studied. The structure of the powder became much more compact with increasing the reaction temperature regardless of copper concentration of the raw material solution. The particle size of the powder increased accordingly with increasing the reaction temperature in case of 30 g/$\ell$ copper concentration of the solution. The particle size of the powder increased accordingly, and the surface structure of the powder became more porous with increasing the copper concentration of the raw material solution. When copper concentration in raw material solution was more than 100 g/$\ell$, all produced powder was CuCl regardless of reaction temperatures. When copper concentration in solution was below 30 g/$\ell$ and reaction temperature was higher than 90$0^{\circ}C$, CuO was the main phase. The surface of the powder tended to become porous with increasing the injection speed of solution. Particle size was increased and the surface of the powder showed severely disrupted state with increasing the nozzle tip size. The particle size was decreased and the particle size distribution was more uniform with increasing the air pressure through the nozzle.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2022

In order to reduce the manufacturing costs of the glass lens, it is necessary to manufacture a lens using a UV curable resin or a thermosetting resin, which is a curable material, in order to replace a glass lens. In the case of forming a lens using a thermosetting material, it is necessary to form several lenses at once using the wafer-level lens manufacturing technologies due to the long curing time of the material. When a lens is manufactured using a curable material, an error in the shape of the lens due to the shrinkage of the material during the curing process is an important cause of defects. The major factors for these shape errors and deformations are the shrinkage and the change of mechanical properties in the process of changing from a liquid material during curing to a solid state after complete curing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the curing process of the material and to examine the shrinkage rate and change of physical properties according to the degree cure. In addition, it is necessary to proceed with CAE for lens molding using these and to review problems in lens manufacturing in advance. In this study, the viscoelastic properties of the material were measured during the curing process using a rheometer. Using the results, Rheological investigation of cure kinetics was performed. At the same time, The shrinkage of the material was measured and simple mathematical models were created. And using the results, the molding process of a single lens was analyzed using Comsol, a commercial S/W. In addition, the experiment was conducted to compare and verify the CAE results. As a result, it was confirmed that the shrinkage rate of the material had a great influence on the shape precision of the final product.

• Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2012

The most widely excavated iron artifacts used as weapons or farm tools from central southern regions of Korea were subjects of non-metallic inclusion analysis through metallographic examination, microhardness measurement, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through metallographic interpretation and study of the analyzed results, the steel manufacturing and iron smelting using heat processing in the iron artifacts excavated from the central southern region of the ancient Korean peninsula was studied, and the analysis of the non-metallic inclusions mixed within the metallic structures was interpreted as the ternary phase diagram of the oxide to infer the type of iron ores for the iron products and the temperature of the furnace used to smelt them. Most of the ancient forged iron artifacts showed $Al_2O_3/SiO_2$ with high $SiO_2$ contents and relatively low $Al_2O_3$ contents for iron ore, indicating t hat for $Al_2O_3$ below 5%, it is presumed that magnetic iron ores were reduced to bloom iron (sponge iron) with direct-reduction process for production. The temperature for extraction of wustite for $Al_2O_3$ below 1% was found to be $1,020{\sim}1,050^{\circ}C$. Considering the oxide ternary constitutional diagram of glassy inclusions, the steel-manufacturing temperature was presumed to have been near $1,150{\sim}1,280^{\circ}C$ in most cases, and minimum melting temperature of casting iron part excavated in Daeseong-ri. Gyeonggi was near $1,400^{\circ}C$, and it is thought that hypoeutectic cast iron of about 2.3% carbon was casted and fragility of cast iron was improved by decarburizing in solid state.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of armscye circumference which will be used to develop total contents for the apparel industry. The subjects of this study were 16- to 49-year-old women whose 3D body shape data were analyzed. 72 length and length-ratio measurements were taken to each subject' armscye circumference. The used analysis methods are descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results are follows; 1. Considering the Length of armscye circumference, the result of principal component analysis were extracted 3 factors and those factors comprised 95% of total variance. As the result of the cluster analysis of factor scores, subjects were classified into 4 cluster by their size characteristic. 2. Considering the length-ratio of armscye circumference, the result of principal component analysis were extracted 5 factors and those factors comprised 96.45% of total variance. As the result of the cluster analysis of factor scores, subjects were classified into 5 cluster by their shape characteristic. So that, this research could be useful to manufacture garment which reflected 3D body figure and improved fitting.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.46.3-46.3
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• 2009

The SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite has the advantage of implementing the imaging mission even though it is night time, cloudy weather, and all weather conditions, which is different from the satellite with the optical payload. This is the reason why the SAR satellite comes into the spotlight in the observation satellite field. The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) has been developing the first Korean SAR satellite and is currently integrating and testing the Flight Model. For the launch vehicle service, KARI finalized the selection of the launch vehicle service provider and finished Critical Design Review (CDR) of the interface between the bus and the launch vehicle. KARI and launch vehicle service provider also finished the test of the telemetry interface between the bus and the launch vehicle. The test of the telemetry interface has the purpose of checking the interface of the telemetry which is the SOH(State-of-Health) of the satellite in an early launch stage. For this test, KARI has finished the development of the spacecraft simulator which is composed of the bus simulator to generate the analog telemetry and the launch vehicle simulator to gather the telemetry. In this research, the result of the hardware implementation and the software implementation for the spacecraft simulator were described. Finally the results of the launch vehicle telemetry MUX test which were performed at the launch vehicle provider's design office by using the spacecraft simulator were summarized. It is expected that this simulator will be used in the next test after the manufacture of the launch vehicle.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

The Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment commonly referred to as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive or RoHS was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union. The RoHS directive took effect on 1 July 2006, and is required to be enforced and become law in each member state. This directive restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment. It is closely linked with the waste electrical and electronic equipment directive (WEEE) 2002/96/EC which sets collection, recycling and recovery targets for electrical goods and is part of a legislative initiative to solve the problem of huge amounts of toxic e-waste.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.440-440
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• 2009

Semiconductor nanowires offer exciting possibilities as components of solar cells and have already found applications as active elements in organic, dye-sensitized, quantum-dot sensitized, liquid-junction, and inorganic solid-state devices. Among many semiconductors, silicon is by far the dominant material used for worldwide photovoltaic energy conversion and solar cell manufacture. For silicon wire to be used for solar device, well aligned wire arrays need to be fabricated vertically or horizontally. Macroscopic silicon wire arrays suitable for photovoltaic applications have been commonly grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process using metal catalysts such as Au, Ni, Pt, Cu. In the case, the impurity issues inside wire originated from metal catalyst are inevitable, leading to lowering the efficiency of solar cell. To escape from the problem, the wires of purity of wafer are the best for high efficiency of photovoltaic device. The fabrication of wire arrays by the electrochemical etching of silicon wafer with photolithography can solve the contamination of metal catalyst. In this presentation, we introduce silicon wire arrays by electrochemical etching method and then fabrication methods of radial p-n junction wire array solar cell and the various merits compared with conventional silicon solar cells.