• Journal of Information Display
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2006

This paper presents heating process for obtaining standing carbon nanotube emitters to improve field-emission properties from the screen-printed multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films. In an atmosphere with optimum combination of nitrogen and air for heat treatment of CNT films, the CNT emitters can be made to protrude from the surface. This allows for high emission current and the formation of very uniform emission sites without special surface treatment. The morphological change of the CNT film by this technique has eliminated additional processing steps, such as surface treatment which may result in secondary contamination and damage to the film. Despite its simplicity the process provides high reproducibility in emission current density which makes the films suitable for practical applications.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of triceps surae activation during heel raise test in standing among knee flexion angles($0^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$). METHODS: Twenty healthy individuals performed unilateral plantarflexion in standing with $0^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ knee flexion. Activity of medial gastrocnemius(MG), lateral gastrocnemius(LG), soleus(Sol) was recorded with surface electromyography(EMG). RESULT: The muscle activations induced the four different positions were compared and results showed that was significant difference MG and LG while the angle increase from $0^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ but Sol did not show significant differences in every angle. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that $30^{\circ}C$ knee flexion is required to induce a significant mechanical disadvantage of gastrocnemius.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the simultaneous detection properties of organic vapor, pressure difference, and magnetic field using a single rugate-structured free-standing porous silicon (RFPS) thin film. Both the wavelength and the intensity of the rugate peaks were changed in the reflectivity spectrum measured at the thin film surface while the organic vapor was exposed to the RFPS thin film. However, when the pressure difference and the magnetic field were exposed to the film, only the rugate peak intensity was changed. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish whether or not the organic vapor is detected by simultaneously changing the rugate peak wavelength and intensity. In addition, a method of distinguishing between the pressure difference and the magnetic field detection signal has been derived by rapidly modulating the direction of the magnetic field. This study shows that it is possible to simultaneously detect and distinguish various objects using a single RFPS thin film, and it is found that porous silicon can be utilized as a sensor sufficiently.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1151-1154
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 표면 돌출형태가 상이한 작업장 피로예방용 매트를 이용하여 선자세로 작업 시, 작업자의 생리적 반응을 통하여 매트사용에 따른 그들의 피로감의 변화를 알아보았다. 실험은 건강한 성인 남자 9명을 대상으로 EEG(Fp1, Fp2), ECG, EMG, SKT, 혈류량, 주관적 평가에 대하여 2종(WSM-PA3, WSM-PB3)의 표면 돌출형태가 상이한 피로예방용 매트에서 작업 전후 10분간과 작업 중 120분간 측정하였다. 작업은 단순반복의 수작업으로 실시하였다. 그 결과, WSM-PB3에 비하여 WSM-PA3 사용 시, $\alpha$파의 좌뇌 변동리듬 경사도와 쾌적도는 유의하게 증가(p＜0.05), RRI는 유의하게 감소(p＜0.05), 척추세움근의 주파수는 소폭으로 감소, 발등부의 피부온도는 유의하게 소폭으로 증가(P＜0.05), 하퇴 후면의 혈류량은 유의하게 증가(p＜0.05)하였다. 반면, 주관적 피로감 평가에서는 조건간 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 WSM-PB3에 비하여 WSM-PA3 사용이 선 자세로 반복작업하는 작업자의 피로예방에 긍정적 역할을 담당하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.319-331
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• 2017

This vacuum preloading combined with polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculation was proposed to separating solid-liquid in waste slurry and to improving bearing capacity of soft soil ground. By using waste slurry taken from drilled shaft construction site in Shanghai, China, a series of settling column tests with four typical flocculants and one normal for waste slurry were carried out for comparative analysis. The optimal amounts for each flocculant were obtained from the column tests. Then, model tests on vacuum preloading with anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) flocculation and without flocculants were carried out. The out of water and the settlement of slurry surface ground were monitored during the model tests, and the changes in water content, particle-size and pore-size distributions in different positions after the model tests were measured and discussed. It is found that water content of the waste slurry without APAM flocculation changed from 204 to 195% by 24 hours standing and 15 hours vacuum preloading, while the water content of the waste slurry with APAM flocculation was declined from 163 to 96% by 24 hours standing, and was further reduced into 37% by 136 hours vacuum preloading, which shows that the combined method is feasible and effective.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.51-53
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• 2005

Considerable noise is sometimes associated with degeneration of the hee joint surface. Such noise may indicate roughness or softening of the cartilage surfaces, and may be a useful index for early disease. In this study, we have evaluated arthritic pathology using the acoustical analysis of knee joint sounds. During sitting and standing periods, subjects' active knee flexion and extension were monitored. Fundamental frequency, mean amplitude of pitch, jitter and shimmer were analyzed according to the position and the joint angle. The result showed that the fundamental frequency of the 2nd patient group and standing position was higher than the others, and that the pitch of sounds changed unstably. These results suggest that an analysis of knee joint sound might assist non-invasive diagnosis of an articular pathology.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on multifidus and external oblique abdominis muscle activation during hip contraction of three types (concentric, isometric, eccentric) in standing position. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty healthy adult men volunteered to participate in this study. Muscle activation was recorded from gluteus maximus, both multifidus, and both external oblique abdominis by surface electromyography (EMG) while holding position in the type of gluteus maximus contraction. EMG values were normalized by maximum muscle contractions (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction). All subjects performed hip extension with three contraction methods. The type of gluteus maximus contraction using Thera-band was composed of concentric contraction (type 1), isometric contraction (type 2), and eccentric contraction (type 3). To measure muscle activation on the gluteus maximus contraction type, each position were maintained for 5 seconds with data collection taken place during middle three seconds. Muscle activation was measured in each position three times. Results: For the results of this study, there was no significant difference within three contraction patterns of the gluteus maximus (concentric, isometric, and eccentric) each both multifidus, both external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus. And there was no significant difference among both multifidus, both external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus each hip extension contraction type. Conclusions: These findings suggest that specific contraction types of the gluteus maximus does not lead to a more effective activation of the multifidus, external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze muscle activities on functional insole with diet effect. Originally, ten healthy female subjects with an average age of 23.2 year(S.D=1.1), weight of 49.7 kg(S.D=4.9), height of 163.2 cm(S.D=3.5) and a shoe size of 237.5 cm(S.D=4.9) were participated in this experiment. Ten healthy females walked on a treadmill(speed=about 4.2 km/h) wearing two different insole types. Muscle activities data was collected using the EMG operating system. The surface EMG signal for tibialis anterior(TA), gastrocnemius(GA), vatus lateralis(VL) and biceps femoris(BF) were acquired at the RMS(10 Hz, 350 Hz) using Noraxon Telemyo DTS system(Noraxon inc, USA). This study processed the data using the Windows SPSS ver.17.0 to get an independent t-test, with the setting, p<.05. Analysis of muscle activity were measured and calculated during walking. The results are as follow: Functional insole wearing were increased muscle activities significantly from Tibialis anterior(TA) during total gait cycle. Normal distribution was demonstrated in total step of stances period. One foot standing position showed decreased muscle activity. Two foot standing position was demonstrated with gastrocnemius and biceps femoris. As a result of the analysis, Functional insole will inerease the diet effect in the use of four muscle groups.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.203-225
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• 2002

An excessive Q-angle has been implicated in the development of knee injuries by altering the lower-extremity locomotion kinematics. The purpose of this study was performed to examine the correlation between the Q-angle and the CTA during pronation and supination of the foot in the standing status. The participants of this examination were 60 adult(30 men and 30 women) who had no orthopaedic and neurological impairment, aged between 20 and 40years. The foot tilt(FT1)is made of acrylic plate and the slope of the surface is altered as $0^{\circ}$ pronation$(10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ})$ and supination $(10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ})$. The results were as follows : 1. The result about the Q-angle and the CTA by comparing pronation and supination of the foot There was statistical significance difference in the left /right Q-angle and the left/right CTA with pronation and supination of the foot(P<0.05). 2. The result about correlation in the left /right lower-extremity There were positive correlation between the right Q-angle and the right CTA and negative correlation except the supination$(30^{\circ})$ between the left Q-angle and the left CTA.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the improvement of global synkinesis (GS) and gait in stroke patients by the weight shift exercise. METHODS: Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to experimental group I (n = 10) and experimental group II (n = 10). In experimental group I, weight shift with upper extremity exercises in a standing position were mediated and in experimental group II, upper extremity exercises in a standing position were mediated. These interventions were conducted in both groups for three sessions per week, 30 minutes per session over four weeks. Before the interventions, leg GS was measured using surface electromyography and the 10m walk test (10MWT). The same parameters were measured four weeks later. RESULTS: The GS and 10MWT of the experimental group I showed that there was a statistically significant difference between dorsiflexion (p < .05) and plantarflexion (p < .01) and 10MWT (p < .01). In experimental group II, there was a statistically significant difference only in 10MWT (p < .01). The comparison between the changes in both groups showed that in the case of GS, there was a statistically significant difference in the dorsiflexion (p < .01) and plantarflexion (p < .05), and in the 10MWT too (p < .05). CONCLUSION: GS of the lower extremities was decreased by improving posture control and enlarging soft tissues due to the symmetrical weight shift in experimental group I, which turned out to be effective in improving the gait speed.