• ALGAE
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

In order to understand variation and relationship between standing crops and biomass of phytoplankton dominant species for the long term periods, this study was seasonally investigated in the marine ranching ground of Tongyeong coastal waters from 2000 to 2007. Total 268 taxa representing 217 Bacillariophyceae, 46 Dinophyceae, 4 Dictychophyceae, 1 Euglenophyceae were observed in phytoplankton communities. Dominant species consisted of 5 species as standard in standing crops: Chaetoceros curvisetus (18.01%), Chaetoceros socialis (12.95%), Skeletonema costatum (8.39%), Chaetoceros compressus (6.87%), Asterionellopsis glacialis (5.02%). However, to determine dominant species as biomass concept, Ditylum brightwellii, Guinardia striata, Rhizosolenia spp. and Skeletonema costatum were occupied with dominant species (19.67%). As determining for cell sizes, dominant species were divided with two groups such as micro- and nanophytoplankton (standing crops) and mesophytoplankton (biomass). However, Skeletonema costatum in anophytoplankton was associated to affect fluctuation between standing crops and biomass.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

This study aimed to figure out and compare the increment of biomass by thinning intensity focused on the plantation of the two major coniferous species (Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis) of South Korea. The inventory interval was three years under the effects of three types of thinning treatments; control (no thinning), light (20% thinning) and heavy (40% thinning). The results showed standing biomass increment of both species decreased as thinning intensity increased (heavylight>control). Meanwhile, the lowest of on-site biomass changes occurred in the control plot, and the greatest was in the heavy thinning plot because thinning was involved with leaving the felling residual biomass (leaves, branches and roots) on the site. According to the results from this short-term study, unthinned stands is preferable for maximizing standing biomass as well as carbon sequestration. However long-term investigation should be considered in order to see more clear results.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1985

Biomass, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus standing crops of bethic community were estimated at the trophic levels in the intertidal zone of Kum river estuary. Annual mean biomass of zoobenthos was 130.5g/$m^2$, body fraction 26.7g/$m^2$ and shell fraction 103.8 g/$m^3$. Biomass estimated as ash-free dry weight was total 28.9g/$m^2$, body fraction 20.2g/$m^2$ and shell fraction 8.7g/$m^2$ Carbon standing crops of zoobenthos were 15.9gC/$m^2$, in which organic carbon content was 7.0gC/$m^2$ and carbonate carbon was 8.9gC/$m^2$. Production efficiency by carbon standing crops from sediment to herbivores and carnivores and 10.6% and 16.0% in phosphorus, respectively. Annual primary production of benthic algae was crudely estimated to 329g.dw/$m^2$/yr by using the biomass and turn-over rate of benthic algae.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2016

본 연구는 강원도 점봉산에 분포하고 있는 신갈나무군락에서 군락의 지상부 생물량과 생물종 다양성, 그리고 군락 구조의 다양성 간의 관계 특성을 밝히기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위해, 2004년부터 2013년까지 점봉산 신갈나무군락에서 측정한 지상부 생물량은 총 $311.1ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$였으며, 종 별 생물량 및 구성 비율은 신갈나무 $206.3ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$(66.3%),까치박달 $36.9ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$(11.9%),피나무 $30.6ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$(9.8%)등의 순으로 적었다. 신갈나무의 지상부 생물량이 가장 많은 것은 전체에 비해 임목 밀도가 많지 않지만, 평균 흉고직경(DBH)이 50cm 이상인 개체수 비율이 다른 수종에서 보다 월등히 높기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이 군락의 종 다양성 지수(H')와 종 균등도(J')를 추정해 본 결과 각각 2.015~2.166과 0.673~0.736의 범위 내에서 시간에 따른 점진적인 증가를 보여 주고 있다. 위의 종 다양성 지수와 종 균등도는 지상부 생물량과 높은 양의 상관관계를 나타내는데, 이는 시간이 변함에 따라 신갈나무군락의 지상부 생물량이 공간적으로 균일해진다는 것과 이러한 현상이 다양한 수종에 걸쳐 나타나고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 생물량-종 다양성 지수(BS)와 종 풍부도-생물량-종 다양성 지수(ABS)도 각각 3.746~3.811, 4.781~5.028 범위 내에서 시간에 따른 점진적인 증가를 보여주고 있었으며, 이들 지수와 지상부 생물량 높은 양의 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 이는 신갈나무군락의 지상부 생물량이 다양한 수종에서 뿐만 아니라 다양한 직경급에 따라 균일해 지고 있음을 나타낸다. 그리고 점봉산 신갈나무군락은 군락의 구조적 다양성을 통하여 생산성과 탄소 저장 능력이 더욱 효율화 되어, 자원이 풍부한 생태계로서의 역할을 수행 할 것으로 예상된다. 또한 복원된 산림의 생물다양성과 생산성의 유지를 위하여 생태적 특성을 고려한 다양한 수종과 다양한 DBH 수목의 선택적 식재를 제안한다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2009

버섯은 생태계에서 분해자로 역할을 담당하며, 그 양은 생태계의 건전성을 나타내는 중요한 지표이다. 버섯의 생산량을 알기 위해서는 개체를 수확하여 그 무게를 측정하여야 한다. 그러나 이 방법은 버섯 개체를 수확할 때 서식지를 훼손하고, 또한 한 지역에서 버섯의 동태를 장기적으로 관찰하는데 적합하지 못하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자실체의 외부 형질을 측정하고 이로부터 현존량을 추정하는 비례식을 만들었다. 사용한 버섯은 표고(L. edodes), 느타리(P. ostreatus), 팽이버섯(F. velutipes)과 종버섯(C. tenera)이다. 버섯의 자실체에서 형질 변수(갓 직경, PD; 갓 면적, PA; 대 길이, SL; 대 두께, ST)를 측정하고, 이 변수로부터 건조 생물량과의 회귀관계식을 구하였다. 그 결과 버섯 4종 모두 추정한 식에서 유의한 상관성을 보임으로써(p < 0.05), 외부 형질 변수로부터 유도된 비례식을 사용하여 버섯의 현존량을 예측할 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-227
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• 1993

Aquatic insects were collected from 18 sites in the Yongsan River System from August, 1988 to July, 1989. The monthly fluctuation and distributional pattern of the aquatic insects along the environmental factors were investigated. Quantitatively collected aquatic insects were identified, and numbers, standing biomass, dominance indices and diversity indices in each site and month were determined. The aquatic insect faun of the Yongsan River System was composed of 146 species, 82 genera, 38 families in 7 orders including 44 species of mayflies, 32 species of caddisflies, 24 species of stoneflies, 21 species of flies, 16 species of beetles, 6 species of dragonflies and 3 species of dobsonflies. Seasonal occurrence of species were more diversified in winter and spring than in summer. Also, the number of individuals occurred was higher in winter and spring than in summer while it was the highest in upper stream and the lowest in Kwang-ju stream. Component ratio of the number of individuals according to the insect orders was as follows: Mayflies 38.71%, Flies 36.97%, Stoneflies 10.21%, Caddisflies 6.80%, Beetles 2.96%, Dobbsonflies 2.74%, Dragonflies 0.95%. Percentage of standing biomass according to insect orders were as follows: Mayfiles 32.81%, Stoneflies 26.51%, Caddisflies 17.58%, Dobbsonflies 14.84%, Flies 3.74%, Beetles 3.08%, Dragonflies 1.45%, The highest standing biomass occurred in spring and the lowest in summer.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimental Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27% of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P. 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimetal Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6 ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1 ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8 ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27$\%$ of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6 kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P, 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7 kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

Tropical dry forests are one of the most threatened, widely distributed ecosystems in tropics and estimation of forest biomass is a crucial component of global carbon emission estimation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the biomass and carbon storage in trees on large scale (10, 1 ha plots) in the dry mixed evergreen forest of Javadhu forest of Eastern Ghats. Biomass of adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees was estimated by non-harvest methods. The total biomass of trees in this tropical dry mixed evergreen forest was ranged from 160.02 to 250.8 Mg/ha, with a mean of 202.04±24.64 Mg/ha. Among the 62 tree species enumerated, Memecylon umbellatum accumulated greater biomass and carbon stocks (24.29%) more than the other species in the 10 ha study plots. ANOVA revealed that there existed a significant variation in the total biomass and carbon stock among the three plant types (Evergreen, brevi-deciduous and deciduous (F (2, 17)=15.343, p<0.001). Basal area and density was significant positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R² 0.980; 0.680) while species richness exhibited negative correlation with above ground biomass (R² 0.167). Finding of present study may be interpreted as most of the trees in this forest are yet to be matured and there is a net addition to standing biomass leading to carbon storage.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2011

본 연구는 강원지역 1영급 금강소나무를 대상으로 천연적으로 갱신된 임분과 인공식재에 의해 성립된 임분의 지상부와 지하부 생체량간 상호관계를 비교 분석하고, 성립방법과 생육환경이 상이한 1영급 금강소나무의 임목 생체량 추정에 적합한 회귀식을 구하기 위해 실시하였다. 두 지역에서 각각 생육중인 천연갱신된 임목과 인공조림된 임목을 각 10본씩 전체 40본을 굴취하여, 수고와 근원직경, 지상부 각 부위별 건중량을 측정하였으며, 지하부인 뿌리에 대하여 주근과 수평근으로 구분하여 각각 길이, 무게, 재적을 조사하였다. 지상부와 지하부 상관관계에서 임분의 성립방법과 생육환경에 따라 다소 차이가 있었지만, 천연림과 인공림 모두에서 수고를 제외한 지상부 인자들은 뿌리 길이를 제외한 대부분 인자들과 밀접한 상관을 나타내었다(p< 0.05). 특히 임목에 있어 측정이 용이한 근원 직경은 모든 조사 임분에서 지상부와 지하부가 높은 상관관계를 나타내어(p< 0.01) 각 지상부 생체량 뿐만 아니라 지하부 생체량 추정에 적합한 인자인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 수고는 대부분의 지상부와 지하부 인자들과 낮은 상관을 보여, 강원지역 1영급 금강소나무의 임목 생체량 추정에 사용되는 변수로서 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서 얻어진 회귀식은 근원직경을 이용한 지상부 및 지하부의 생체량 추정에 기초적인 자료로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.