• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.84-94
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot positions using K A T 2000 (Berg, Inc, vista, CA.1994). Thirty (male 15, female 15) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were tested at a one leg position or a two leg position that were toe-in $25^{\circ}$, toe-out $25^{\circ}$, and $45^{\circ}$. The starting position was where the subject crossed their arms across the chest and flexed knees slightily. The results of each test were displayed on a screen in a score format, which indicated balance index. These collected data were analyzed by using one way ANOVA, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: When changing the angle of the foot in the one-foot and two-foot standing positions, there was no statistically significant difference, but the balance performance with the foot rotated by $25^{\circ}$ was better than that with the foot rotated by $45^{\circ}$. When changing the direction of the foot in the one-foot and two-foot standing positions, there was no statistically significant difference, but the balance performance with the foot rotated laterally was better - except for the case when the foot was medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ in the right-foot static standing position. When the feet were medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ in the two-foot static standing position, and were medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ in the one-foot static standing position, the balance performance of females was better than that of males. In this study, it was found that the balance performance of the subjects changed when the position of the foot was shifted on an unstable base of support. However, there was little correlation between balance performance and the height, weight and foot length of the subjects. It is necessary to conduct a follow-up study targeting various age groups and those with various diseases using an unstable platform or applying different physical or visual conditions, such as the length of the legs. Physical therapists need to consider the position of the foot in clinical settings for a better balance training or assessment.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.395-399
• /
• 2023

The knee arthritis patients are generally performed standing position radiography. However, patients with pain caused by degenerative diseases or injuries in the knee have difficulty maintaining a standing position. Therefore, this study aims to develop a knee joint standing weight bearing projection assist device to solve these problems when patients undergo knee radiography due to various diseases. The design of the knee joint weight-bearing radiography assist device is carried out with 3D design and drawing production to secure basic data, electric support and frame manufacture. A fixed device for maintaining the patient's knee standing weight-bearing projection, an electric digital height device, a digital protractor, and a safety device were designed. The arm support is made of PVC with a cushion to relieve the impact and make it easier to remove debris. The digital electric device can be moved up and down according to the patient's height, and a remote control is attached. The safety device is made to be adjustable in size by attaching metal hooks on both sides of the frame and to shield the scrotum. A digital protractor was attached to the side frame to set the desired knee angle. When a self-made assist device was used to perform a knee joint standing weight bearing projection, it helped maintain arm support and lower extremities position. In addition, the height could be adjusted using an assist device during standing projections, which helped the patient maintain the position.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing the standing balance of independent ambulatory hemiparetic patients. The subjects of this study were 30 hemiparetic patients (18 males, 12 females) being treated as admitted or out patients at Severance Hospital Medical Center, all of whom agreed to participate in the study. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, the paired t-test aid a Pearson's correlation were applied at the .05 level of significance. The results were as follows. 1. The difference in maintenance time of standing balance on a stable and unstable support surface was significant at the .05 level. 2. The difference in maintenance time of standing balance according to the control of visual and acoustic stimuli was significant at the .05 level. 3. The presence or absence of passive joint motion sense influenced the standing balance maintenance time. 4. There was no significant difference in the maintenance standing balance of the sound tower leg standing conditions according to spasticity, but the paretic lower leg standing conditions were significantly different (p<.05). This type of evaluation should be more widely used in the field of evaluating standing balance with hemiparetic patients. However, more extensive study and reports on various factors of standing balance are needed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.136-144
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study was to identify the effect of pressure biofeedback applied in various postures that allow the application of abdominal drawing-in. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: The study intended to compare changes in the thickness of abdominal muscles between different postures when abdominal drawing-in was performed using a pressure biofeedback unit in five postures and to compare differences in terms of measures such as the transverse abdominis's preferential activation ratio(PAR). Data measured from 30 healthy individuals were used for data analysis. A paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare the thickness of each abdominal muscle. Results: The transverse abdominis's and internal oblique's thickness showed statistically significant differences in all postures when abdominal drawing-in (p<0.05). In the comparison between the postures, statistically significant differences were observed between the positions of hook-lying and wall support standing and between supine and wall support standing and between hook-lying and sitting (p<0.05). In terms of the transverse abdominis's PAR in each posture, statistically significant differences were observed between hook-lying and quadruped, hook-lying and sitting, hook-lying and wall support standing, quadruped and supine, sitting and supine, as well as wall support standing and supine (p<0.05). Conclusions: When abdominal drawing-in using pressure biofeedback unit is performed for stabilization exercises, selecting and applying specific postures according to targeted muscles and the subject's functional ability will help provide a more efficient and accurate intervention.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of direction (pitch and roll) on the perception of support surface rotation while standing. Thirty young healthy subjects participated in this study. Support surface was rotated at an unexpected instant in a very slow speed (0.2 deg/s). The direction of support surface rotation was randomly chosen among pitch (forward and backward) and roll (right and left) directions. The experiment was performed with eyes open and closed. Perception performance was evaluated by the perception threshold, defined as the rotation angle of the surface at the instant when a subject recognized that the support surface was moving. Results showed that the perception threshold was smaller for roll directions than pitch directions irrespective of vision and gender (p < 0.01). This indicates that the perception of support surface rotation is more sensitive in roll direction than in pitch direction. Among three sensory functions related to postural perception, the effect of vestibular and visual functions on the direction difference of the perception should be little because of the very slow surface rotation and independence on visual conditions. Therefore, the direction dependence of perception would have been affected mainly by the somatosensory function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine whether the position of cane use affects the distribution of weight-bearing on both feet of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy in a standing posture. Methods: Twenty participants with cerebral palsy were recruited as volunteers for this study. Using the Zebris FDM-System, weight-bearing distribution according to the method of using a cane was measured under three conditions in randomized order: (1) standing unaided (no cane); (2) standing with the affected side using the cane; and (3) standing with the non-affected side using the cane. The cane was matched by measuring length-from-floor to the greater trochanter of the subject, and was placed 15 cm outward from the little toe on the supporting side. Results: Evaluating the method of using a cane under the three conditions, we determined that pressure of the foot on the affected side was higher in the order: standing with affected side using cane > standing unaided (no cane) > standing with non-affected side using cane (p<0.05). In the post-hoc analysis, a significant difference was observed between (i) standing unaided (no cane) and standing with the affected side using cane, and (ii) standing with affected side using cane and standing with non-affected side using cane (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that induced weight-bearing methods using a cane on the affected side could increase the weight-bearing capacity on the affected side in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy, which will have a positive effect on reducing asymmetry weight support.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.647-656
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of vibratory stimulus as somatosensory inputs on the postural control in human standing. To study these effects, the center of pressure(COP) was observed while subjects were standing on a stable and an unstable support with co-stimulated mechanical vibrations to flexor ankle muscles(tibialis anterior tendon, achilles tendon) and two plantar zones on both foot. The COP sway measurement was repeated twice in four conditions: (1) with visual cue and vibration, (2) without visual cue and vibration, (3) with visual cue and without vibration, (4) without visual cue and with vibration. The calculated parameters were the COP sway area and the distance, the median frequency and the spectral energy of COP sway in three intervals $0.1{\sim}0.3,\;0.3{\sim}1,\;1{\sim}3Hz$. The results showed that vibratory stimulus affect postural stability. The reduction rate of the COP sway with vibratory stimulus were higher on the unstable support because the effect of postural stability increases when afferent nervous flow is more activated by vibration on unstable support. If unclear visual or vibratory information is received, one type of information is compared with the other type of sensory information. Then the input balance between visual and vibratory information is corrected to maintain postural stability. These findings are important for the rehabilitation system of postural balance control and the use of vibratory information.

• 로봇학회논문지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.385-391
• /
• 2023

In the elderly population, sarcopenia occurs due to physical aging, leading to movement restrictions and loss of function. This results in dependence on daily activities and limitations in participation, ultimately decreasing the overall quality of life. In this study, we propose an algorithm designed to enable patients with sarcopenia to perform sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements seamlessly in their daily lives. The algorithm incorporates a wearable robot for muscle support and includes algorithms for standing and seated muscle strength support. To validate the algorithm's performance, EMG sensors were attached to the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris muscles. The participants underwent two scenarios: one without wearing the device and one with the device providing muscle strength support, performing sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit motions for one minute in each case. The results showed a 16% increase in the EMG peak value of the Rectus Femoris muscle during standing motion (p=0.009). On the right side, there was a roughly 20% decrease (p=0.018) during standing and a 21% decrease (p=0.014) during sitting motion. In the future, we aim to gather additional data to further refine the algorithm. Our goal is to develop an optimal muscle strength support algorithm based on this data, making it applicable for real-life use by patients with sarcopenia.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of arm training in standing position on balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Sixteen chronic stroke patients were allocated equally and randomly to an experimental group (n=8) or a control group (n=8). All participants received 60 minutes of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, the experimental group additionally received an arm training in standing position for 30 minutes, while the control group additionally performed a treadmill training for 30 minutes. These 30-minute training sessions were held three times per week for six weeks. Upper extremity function was assessed using Fugle-Meyer motor assessment function upper extremity (FMA-UE), balance was assessed using Berg balance scale (BBS), and walking ability (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limb support period) was assessed using the GAITRite system. RESULTS: Improvement on all outcome measures was identified from pre-to-post intervention for both groups (p<.05). Post-intervention, there was a significant between-group difference on BBS, gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limp support period (p<.05). The experimental group exhibited greater improvement in the BBS (p=.01; z=-2.48), gait speed (p=.01; z=-3.26), cadence (p=.02; z=-2.31), step length (p=.01; z=-3.36), and double limb support period (p=.03; z=-2.84) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that arm training in standing position may be beneficial for improving balance and walking ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.145-163
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the process of "standing alone" in divorced single fathers on the basis of qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with 10 divorced single fathers. Data were analyzed on the basis of grounded theory analysis in open coding, and 154 concepts, 39 sub-categories, and 14 categories were derived. According to the results of this study, the process phenomenon of divorced single fathers' standing alone was "the restraint and chaos of pain". This study could identify the consecutive process of four identified stages: marriage life's rupture, pain and chaos, deliberation and decision, and role adaption. In selective coding, the core category was "to pass through the restraint of pain and embrace children and stand alone". There were three types of standing alone: maintaining barely, enduring hopefully, and living initiatively. This study showed the necessity of social support and the basic data by type analysis through the process of standing alone. This study provided substantive knowledge generated through the voices of the persons concerned.