• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2019

Objective: Attentional focus is one of the critical factors that has consistently been demonstrated to enhance motor performance and motor skill. Focusing attention on the inside of the body while engaging in a particular exercise is called internal focus (IF) and focus on the external environment is called external focus (EF). The purpose of this study was to identify effects of IF and EF of attention on postural balance in healthy school-aged children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-four healthy school-aged children participated in this study. School-aged children was defined as children ages 8-12 years old. They performed the one-legged standing with EF (focusing on the marker at the level of participants' chest and 150 cm away), IF (focusing the supporting feet), and control (no instruction) respectively. The order of the focus condition was randomly selected. The center of pressure (COP) range, distance, and velocity was measured to compare the effects of applying different attentional focuses in the three conditions. Results: The results of our study show that differences in COP range, distance, and velocity among groups were not significant between the different attentional focuses, although all variables of EF were smaller than IF. It is postulated that the reason for this may be that school school-aged children between 8-12 years old go through a transitional phase from IF to EF in effective motor learning. Conclusions: These findings reveal that the type of attentional focus did not have any effect on postural balance in healthy school-aged children.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of applying clam exercise on improving trunk control and balance ability in stroke patients. Based on this, we tried to provide clinical information. Methods: In this study, 18 patients with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: a clam exercise group (9 patients) and a control group (9 patients). After 30 minutes of neuro-development therapy, they performed clam exercise or bridge exercise for 3 weeks, 5 times a week for 30 minutes. A trunk impairment scale (TIS) and a postural assessment scale for stroke patients-trunk control (PASS-TC) were performed to evaluate the subjects' ability to control trunk before and after intervention. Balance ability was measured by Balancia before and after intervention. Results: After the training periods, area 95% COP and weight distribution of the affected side were significantly different from the clam exercise group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in can be seen that the clam exercise is effective in improving the balance ability compared to the bridge exercise. Maintaining the standing posture requires muscle strength of the hip abduction and extension, which is the result of the clam exercise selectively strengthening these muscles. Therefore, if you want to provide intervention to improve the balance of stroke patients, it is recommended to perform a clam exercise.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 가상현실 기반 신경근 자세조절 융합 훈련을 이용하여 기능적 발목 불안정성을 가진 축구선수들의 균형 능력과 점프 수행력에 미치는 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 축구선수는 가상현실 기반 신경근 자세조절 융합 훈련군 15명과 일반적인 트레드밀 훈련군 15명으로 나누어 8주간 주 3회, 30분간 시행하였고, 균형 능력을 평가하기 위해 Biorescue를 이용하여 신체 중심 이동면적, 총 궤적길이, 안정성 한계를 측정하였다. 점프 수행력을 측정하기 위해 Counter movement jump with arm swing과 제자리 멀리 뛰기를 측정하였다. 균형 능력 비교에서는 신체 중심 이동면적과 총 궤적 길이 및 안정선한계에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 점프 수행력 비교에서는 Counter movement jump with arm swing과 제자리 멀리 뛰기에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이에 따라 가상현실 기반 신경근 자세조절 융합 훈련이 일반적인 트레드밀 훈련 보다 균형 능력과 점프 수행력을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify vital capacity (VC) in relation to the changing position of 19 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 20 normal controls. Among the 19 SCI patients, there were 9 quadriplegics and 10 paraplegics. The vital capacity was measured in each subject during sitting, standing, lying, and head down position of 30 degrees. The data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. For the SCI, significant difference of VC accoring to the 4 positions between quadriplegics and paraplegics. In the control group, significant difference of VC according to the 4 positions. In 4 positions the VC of men were significantly larger than that of women between two groups. No statistical significant difference was shown in VC by the postural change between quadriplegics and paraplegics.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2020

Despite of a lot of studies about proprioception tests, there are little study results to investigate the relationship between the functional movement and proprioception level. In this study, we tried to perform quantitative analysis for the effect of ankle joint proprioception level on the one leg standing postural control ability. Nine healthy people volunteered for this study. Force and position aspects of proprioception were evaluated using the electromyography system (EMG) and mobile clinometer application, respectively. The center of pressure (COP) trajectories, measured by a pressure mat sensor, were used for quantitative analysis of balance for each subject. We computed indices and errors of force and position aspects of proprioception from the EMG and ankle angle. Mean velocity of total and anterior-posterior direction (Vm and Vm_ap), root mean squared distance in anterior-posterior direction (RDap), travel length (L), and area (A) of COP trajectories were also calculated as indices of postural control ability of subjects. Two aspects of proprioception showed the low correlation from each other as previous studies. However, the EMG error of gastrocnemius lateral activation showed a high correlation coefficient with COP variables such as Vm (ρ=0.817, p=0.007), Vm_ap (ρ=0.883, p=0.002), RDap (ρ=0.854, p=0.003), L (ρ=0.817, 0.007) and A (ρ=0.700, p=0.036). Within our knowledge, this is almost the first study that investigated the relationship between proprioception level and functional movement. These study results could support that the ankle joint proprioception facilitation exercise would have positive effects on functional balance rehabilitation interventions.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

Decreased equilibrium in standing and walking is a common problem associated with hemiparesis secondary to cerebral vascular accident. In patients with hemiplegia, postural sway is increased and often displaced laterally over the non-affected leg, reflecting asymmetry in lower extremity weight bearing during standing balance. Human balance is a complex motor control task, requiring integration of sensory information, neural processing, and biomechanical factors. Limits of stability (LOS) is a one of the biomechanical factors. The purposes of this study were to establish the influence of asymmetrical weight-bearing on the LOS of independent ambulatory hemiparetic patients. The subjects of this study were 29 hemiparetic patients (18 males, 11 females) being treated as admitted or out patients at Young-Nam University Hospital and Taegu Catholic University Hospital, all of whom agreed to participate in the study. Participants were asked to lean and displace their center of gravity (COG) as far as possible in directions to the sides and front of the body. The LOS and weight-bearing ratio were measured with a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) Dataprint Software Version 5.3. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, the independent t-test and a Pearson's correlation were applied at the .05 and .01 level of significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior LOS according to the cause of brain demage (p<.01). 2) There were statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOS according to the hemiparetic side (p<.05). 3) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior and mediolateral LOS according to the brain operation (p<.01). 4) The mediolateral LOS significantly correlated with weight-bearing ratio (p<.01).

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Proprioception training has been considered a secondary method to facilitate postural control ability. This study investigated the effects of two different proprioception training methods - the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and visual feedback-based joint position and force reproduction (VF) - on postural control advancements. Sixteen healthy people volunteered for this study, and they randomly grouped two. Each group participated in the PNF and VF training for three weeks. We evaluated each subject's proprioception levels and balance ability before and after the training. We used a clinometer and electromyogram (EMG) for VF training. The joint position reproduction test was also used to evaluate the position and force aspects of the proprioception level. We analyzed the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP) while subjects were standing on the firm floor and balance board with one leg using a pressure mat. The improvement of the position aspect of the proprioception level of the VF group (4.93±4.74°) was larger than that of the PNF group (-0.43±2.08°) significantly (p=0.012). The improvement of the anterior-posterior COP velocity of the PNF group (0.01±0.01 cm/s) was larger than that of VF group(0.002±0.01 cm/s) significantly (p=0.046). Changes of position error in the PNF group (rho=0.762, p=0.028) and tibialis anterior force reproduction error in the VF group showed a significantly strong relationship with balance ability variables. These results showed that different PNF and VF have different effects on improving two aspects of proprioception and their relationship with the balance ability. Therefore, these results might be useful for selecting proprioception or balance rehabilitation considering the clinical and patients' situation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.718-724
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• 2012

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자에 적용한 시각 통제 균형훈련이 환자의 균형에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상으로는 26명의 뇌졸중 환자들로 하여 환측 1/2시각통제군(9), 건측 1/2시각통제군(9), 비시각통제군(8)으로 나누어 연구에 참여하였다. 세 그룹 모두 흔들림 균형 판(posturo-med)위 시각통제 후 거울 1m앞에서 자기를 주시하며 균형 훈련을 8주간 주 4회 20분간 실시하였으며, 각 집단의 중재 전, 4주, 8주 후 균형 능력을 측정하여 균형유지시간, 근 활성도를 측정 하였다. 훈련 전후 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용된 시각통제 균형 훈련은 균형시간의 증가와 안쪽 넓은 근의 근 활성도가 유의하게 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 본연구의 결과 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용된 시각통제 균형 훈련은 뇌졸중 환자의 균형 훈련을 위한 효과적인 운동방법이 될 수 있을 것이라 생각한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

Background: At present time, smartphones have become very popular and powerful devices, and smartphone applications with the good validity have been designed to assess human balance ability. Objects: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of smartphone acceleration in the assessment of postural control ability for six different conditions. Methods: Twenty healthy college-aged individuals volunteered. Static balance ability was measured twice with one-day interval using smartphone application and 3D motion capture system under the six different conditions. Results: Dominant frequencies for each test condition did not show significant differences except for two conditions. The intra-rater correlation coefficient between the first and second tests showed high correlations in six conditions(r>.70, p<.05). Smartphone acceleration and the acceleration calculated from the 3D marker position data showed high correlation coefficient(r>.80, p<.001). Conclusion: Acceleration recorded from a smartphone could be useful assessment variables for balance test in the clinical field.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.498-507
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• 2020

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 체간 유연성 운동이 앉은 자세 균형, 정적 균형, 보행 척도, 그리고 낙상 위험도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 실시되었다. 만성 뇌졸중 참가자는 대조 그룹(12명)과 체간 유연성 운동 그룹(12명)으로 무작위로 배정되었다. 두 그룹 모두 표준 재활 치료 30분을 실시하였고, 체간 유연성 운동 그룹은 체간 유연성 운동을 일주일에 3번, 6주간 추가로 시행하였다. 모든 참가자는 체간 장애 척도, 정적 균형 능력, 보행 속도, 분당 보행 수, 그리고 낙상 위험도를 운동 전과 운동 종료 후에 평가하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 체간 유연성 운동 그룹은 대조 그룹과 비교하여 체간 장애 척도(t=-3.57, p=.002)와 보행 속도(t=-3.29, p=.003) 그리고 분당 보행 수(t=-2.77, p=.011)는 유의하게 증가하였고, 정적 균형 능력(t=5.37, p<.001)과 낙상 위험도(t=6.33, p<.001)는 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한, 체간 유연성 운동 그룹은 초기 평가와 비교하여 모든 평가 항목에서 유의하게 개선되었다(p<.05). 이상의 결과에서 6주간의 흉추 유연성 운동 후, 만성 뇌졸중 환자에게 있어 앉은 자세 균형 능력, 정적 균형 능력, 보행 척도, 그리고 낙상 위험도에서 긍정적인 효과가 나타났으며, 이후 다른 운동과 비교하여 효과를 검증하는 후속연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.