• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2011

This paper discusses a method for optimizing the semi-actuated traffic signal control system by adjusting the initial interval according to the number of vehicles waiting for the green light in the actuated phase. We also present a Left-Turn actuated traffic signal control strategy that examines the vehicular noise in the detection area and determines the phase extension and the gap-out. In order to detect the vehicles in real-time, an image detector's Video Image Tracking technology was adopted. A 'Zone in Zone'method was implemented, and the image detection area is segmented into three zones: 1) Zone1 for verifying a vehicles obligatory presence, 2) Zone2 for counting the standby vehicles, and 3) Zone3 for examining the number of vehicles that have passed. The on-site assessment of the Left Turn Actuated Control is carried out using CORSIM, and the results show that the Control Delay decreased by 23.10%, 15.06%, and 4.34% compared to the delays resulted from pre-timed control, semi-actuated control-1 and semi-actuated control-2 traffic signal control systems respectively. The Queue Time also decreased by 36.24%, 20.10% and the Total Time by 14.36%, 7.02% for the same scenario. Which clearly demonstrates the operational efficiency. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the improvement from the propose traffic control strategy tends to increase as the through traffic volume reaches a saturated condition and the left-turn traffic volume decreases.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 2013

Phishing attacks have been implemented in smarter, more advanced ways with the passage of time. Hackers use intelligent phishing attacks to take over computers and to penetrate internal networks in major organizations. So, in this paper, a model for a prevention of phishing attack spread is conceptual designed in order to protect internal users and sensitive or important information from sophisticated phishing attacks. Internal users simultaneously utilize both external web and organizational mail services. And hackers can take the both side equally as a vector. Thus, packets in each service must be monitored and stored to recognize threatening elements from both sides. The model designed in this paper extends the mail server based security structure used in conventional studies for the protection of Internet mail services accessed by intranet users. This model can build a list of phishing sites as the system checks e-mails compared to that of the method that directly intercepts accesses to phishing sites using a proxy server, so it represents no standby time for request and response processes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 2023

Objectives: Aircraft cabin cleaning work is characterized by being performed within a limited time in a narrow and enclosed space. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels to dust, ultra fine dust(PM2.5) and black carbon(BC) among aircraft cabin cleaners. Methods: Active personal air sampling for respirable dust(n=73) and BC(n=47) was conducted during quick transit cleaning(cabin general and vacuum-specific) and seat cover replacement and total dust and PM2.5 were area-air-sampled as well. Also, size distribution of particle was identified with the cleaning workers targeted. Dusts were collected with PVC filters using gravimetric analysis. The concentration of PM2.5 and the particle size distribution were measured with real-time direct reading portable equipment using light scattering analysis. The concentration of BC was measured by aethalometer(filter-based real-time light absorption analysis instrument). Results: The geometric mean of respirable dust was the highest at vacuum cleaning as 74.4 ㎍/m³, following by replacing seat covers as 49.3 ㎍/m³ and cabin general cleaning as 47.8 ㎍/m³ . The arithmetic mean of PM2.5 was 4.83 ~ 9.89 ㎍/m³ inside the cabin, and 28.5~44.5 ㎍/m³ outside the cabin(from bus and outdoor waiting space). From size distribution, PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio was 0.54 at quick transit cleaning and 0.41 at replacing seat covers. The average concentration of BC was 2~7 ㎍/m³, showing a high correlation with the PM2.5 concentration. Conclusions: The hazards concentration levels of aircraft cabin cleaners were very similar to those of roadside outdoor workers. As the main source of pollution is estimated to be diesel vehicles operating at airports, and it is necessary to replace older vehicles, strengthen pollutant emission control regulations, and introduce electric vehicles. In addition, it is necessary to provide as part of airport-inftastructure a stable standby waiting space for aircraft cabin cleaners and introduce a systematic safety and health management system for all workers in the aviation industry.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.9
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• pp.313-340
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• 2011

The National Defense Reformation bill of "National Defense Reformation 2020" which have been constantly disputed and reformed by the government went through various levels of complementary measures after the North Korean sinking on the Republic of Korea (ROK) Naval Vessel "Cheonan". The final outcome of this reform is also known as the 307 Plan and this was announced on the 8th March. The reformed National Defense Reformation is to reduce the number of units and military personnel under the military structure reformation. However, in order for us to undertake successful National Defense Reformation, the use of privatized civilian resources are essential. Therefore according to this theory, the ROK Ministry of National Defense (MND) have selected the usage of privatized resources as one of the main core agenda for the National Defense Reformation management procedures, and under this agenda the MND plans to further expand the usage of private Especially the MND plans to minimize the personnel resources applied in non-combat areas and in turn use these supplemented personnel with optimization. In order to do this, the MND have initiated necessary appropriate analysis over the whole national defense section by understanding various projects and acquisition requests required by each militaries and civilian research institutions. However for efficient management of privatized civilian resources, first of all, those possible efficient private resources which can achieve optimization will need to be identified, and secondly continuous systematic reinforcements will need to be made in private resource usage legislations. Furthermore, we would need to consider the possibility of labor disputes because of privatization expansion. Therefore, full legal and systematic complementary measures are required in all possible issue arising areas which can affect the combat readiness posture. There is another problem of huge increase in operational expenses as reduction of standby forces are only reducing the number of soldiers and filling these numbers with more cost expensive commissioned officers. However, to overcome this problem, we would need to reduce the number of positions available for active officers and fill these positions with military reserve personnel who previously had working experiences with the related positions (thereby guaranteeing active officers re-employment after completing active service). This would in tum maintain the standards of combat readiness posture and reduce necessary financial budgets which may newly arise. The area of maintenance, supply, transportation, training & education duties which are highly efficient when using privatized resources, will need to be transformed from military management based to civilian management based system. For maintenance, this can be processed by integrating National Maintenance Support System. In order for us to undertake this procedure, we would need to develop maintenance units which are possible to be privatized and this will in turn reduce the military personnel executing job duties, improve service quality and prevent duplicate investments etc. For supply area, we will need to establish Integrated Military Logistics Center in-connection with national and civilian logistics system. This will in turn reduce the logistics time frame as well as required personnel and equipments. In terms of transportation, we will need to further expand the renting and leasing system. This will need to be executed by integrating the National Defense Transportation Information System which will in turn reduce the required personnel and financial budgets. Finally for training and education, retired military personnel can be employed as training instructors and at the military academy, further expansion in the number of civilian professors can be employed in-connection with National Defense Reformation. In other words, more active privatized civilian resources will need to be managed and used for National Defense Reformation.