• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a multimedia learning program for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) diet education using standardized patients and to examine the effects of the program on educational skills, communication skills, DM diet knowledge and learning satisfaction. Methods: The study employed a randomized control posttest non-synchronized design. The participants were 108 third year nursing students (52 experimental group, 56 control group) at K university in Seoul, Korea. The experimental group had regular lectures and the multimedia learning program for DM diet education using standardized patients while the control group had regular lectures only. The DM educational skills were measured by trained research assistants. Results: The students who received the multimedia learning program scored higher for DM diet educational skills, communication skills and DM diet knowledge compared to the control group. Learning satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than the control group, but statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Clinical competency was improved for students receiving the multimedia learning program for DM diet education using standardized patients, but there was no statistically significant effect on learning satisfaction. In the nursing education system there is a need to develop and apply more multimedia materials for education and to use standardized patients effectively.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.28-40
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of monuments in the Seoul Foreigners′ cemetery at Yanghwajin, a place where many prominent Christian missionaries and other Christians have been buried near Choltusan. In considering the characteristics of gravestone details, the researcher has divided the details into 4 analysis categories: forms, symbols, epitaphs, and materials. For this research, 281 monuments were selected including 68 of missionaries, 26 of U. S. Army Soldiers, and 13 of teachers. The analysis revealed that there were 26 types of monuments. This includes simple and standardized types like the tablet, headstone, marker, and monolith. These were used more often than other shaped types such as the Cross, obelisk, sculpture, etc. Standardized types made in Korea have been preferred after the 1950s even though the beauty of the gravestones has been degraded. Symbolical decorations related to religious, social, professional or military emblems were also introduced to strengthen their symbolical objectives. Among them, fie Cross was the most predominant Christian symbol and emblem. The families wanted to inscribe epitaphs, the greater part of which originated from the Bible, poems, idioms related to tribute, rest, supplications to deity, love, achievement, to express human sentiment and religious faith. When using materials for making monuments, monument makers have mostly used stone because of its durability. Until the 1950s, various stones had been used to make monuments, for most marble and granite were brought from foreign countries. These were very different from the Korean white marble stone used for many monuments. After the 1950s, the source of stone has been limited to Korean stone, for Korean could make stone monuments that foreigners were agreeable. Especially, a black marble stone called "O-Suk" which means black stone, has been used as a main material. The study identified the following characteristics of monument details in the Seoul foreigners′ cemetery at Yanghwajin. First, Christianity has been applied as the main concept, while symbolizing the homogeneity of religious, family, social, professional or military groups by having the symbolic form, symbol, and epitaph in common. Second, monuments made after the 1950s have been standardized into unattractive and monotonous forms by the limited materials, and so the beauty of the monuments has been degraded.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호통권25호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

본 연구는 우리나라의 건설자재 품질 및 정보 표준화에 대한 건설수요자들의 의식을 조사하여, 건설자재 표준화의 개선안을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 조사결과, 응답자들은 KS규격의 질적 수준을 67점(100점 만점대비)으로 평가하고 있었다. 또한, 응답자의 38%는 표준정보의 부재로 인한 애로사항을 겪은 경험이 있었다고 응답하였으며, 대표적인 비표준화 자재로는 혼화재료, 방수재, 보강섬유, 콘크리트, 골재, 접착제, 목재, 가설재, 단열재 등을 응답하였다. 정보표준화에 대한 의식조사결과, 응답자들의 71.2%는 건설자재 정보화가 필요하다고 응답하였으며, 구체적인 요구항목으로는 품질, 규격, 가격, 시공, 도면, 법령 정보의 순으로 제시하였다.

• 한국암반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암반공학회 1996년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

Fracture toughness of rock materials, which generally violate the fundamental assumptions of LEFM, often depends on the specimen size and test method employed. Hence, a standardized procedure for testing and data interpretation for determining fracture toughness of rock materials is required. Special attention has been given by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) to the difficulties in obtaining true fracture mechanics parameters for the wide variety of rock materials. (omitted)

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권52호
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• pp.155-170
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• 1999

I think that there are few domestic enterprises that recognize standardization of logistics equipments is necessary, which causes a lot of waste in costs and also reduces their business competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to make the companies be aware of this situation, to exactly analyze where the Korean logistics equipments status are, and further to provide practical directions of methods and activities for effective standardization. Through analysis in the study, there were some findings, as listed below. First, the standardization level of each company varies depending on its own corporate characteristics. Second, if a company adopted standardization process in logistics equipments, it would accelerate process of work efficiency or productivity. Third, when logistics equipment are standardized, it would boost efficiency in storage utilization. Fourth, the delivery services through this standardized logistics would be implemented at a higher speed than before due to the accelerated flow of materials. According to the above findings, it is confirmed that logistics standardization would greatly affect on business performance positively. For the domestic manufactures to facilitate logistics system more easily, as an easiest way, it is required to build logistics standardization teams and surveys. Then afterwards, to achieve it earlier than expected, the company-wide education and training for workers have to be followed to let them be aware of necessity and inevitability about standardized logistics.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.21-21
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• 2018

Natural product substances have historically served as the most significant also be prepared by source of new leads for pharmaceutical development. They can chemical synthesis(both semisynthesis and total synthesis) and have played a important role in the field of organic chemistry by providing synthetic targets. Rcently, they have also been extended for commercial purpose to refer to medicinal products, health functional foods, dietary supplements and cosmetics from natural sources. A large number of currently prescribed drugs have been either directly derived from or inspired by natural products. However, with the advent of robotics, bioinformatics, high throughput screening(HTS), molecular biology-biotechnology, combinatorial chemistry, in silico(molecular modeling) and other methodologies, the pharmaceutical industry has largely moved away from plant derived natural products as a source for leads and prospective drug candidates. The strategy for natural prduct industry is now changing from drug approaches to health foods by identifying effective natural products as preparations. In Korea, a lot of development of natural product based drugs have been done, but very few on health functional foods. The concept of natural product based health foods is not active components as lead compounds but standardized extracts or preparation mixed with other medicinal plants. The representative material has been recently known to be a standardized ginseng extract "Ginsana G 115" developed by Swiss Pharmaton company. The purpose of this presentation is to underline how natural products research continues to make significant contributions in the domain of discovery and development of new health functional foods. It is proposed to present the development of high value added health food or health functional foods through scientific investigation on efficacy and standardization of new materials form natural products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2016

Background: Bladder cancer is an international public health problem. It is the ninth most common cancer and the fourteenth leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. Given aging populations, the incidence of this cancer is rising. Information on the incidence and mortality of the disease, and their relationship with level of economic development is essential for better planning. The aim of the study was to investigate bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates, and their relationship with the the Human Development Index (HDI) in the world. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from incidence and mortality rates presented by GLOBOCAN in 2012. Data on HDI and its components were extracted from the global bank site. The number and standardized incidence and mortality rates were reported by regions and the distribution of the disease were drawn in the world. For data analysis, the relationship between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components was measured using correlation coefficients and SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: In 2012, 429,793 bladder cancer cases and 165,084 bladder death cases occurred in the world. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized incidence were Belgium 17.5 per 100,000, Lebanon 16.6/100,000, Malta 15.8/100,000, Turkey 15.2/100,000, and Denmark 14.4/100,000. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized death rates were Turkey 6.6 per 100,000, Egypt 6.5/100,000, Iraq 6.3/100,000, Lebanon 6.3/100,000, and Mali 5.2/100,000. There was a positive linear relationship between the standardized incidence rate and HDI (r=0.653, P<0.001), so that there was a positive correlation between the standardized incidence rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. A positive linear relationship was also noted between the standardized mortality rate and HDI (r=0.308, P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the standardized mortality rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. Conclusions: The incidence of bladder cancer in developed countries and parts of Africa was higher, while the highest mortality rate was observed in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The program for better treatment in developing countries to reduce mortality from the cancer and more detaiuled studies on the etiology of are essential.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2012년도 심포지엄 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.223-224
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• 2012

• 영어어문교육
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• 제9권spc호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2003

This article reports that a testee's content schemata have detrimental effects on the validity of standardized reading comprehension tests. in case that the reading passages constitute his prior background knowledge framed by regular academic pursuits focused on a major field of study. The empirical research findings on such a reliability issue have shown that the Korean subjects' familiarity with the content domain of the reading materials may substantially enhance their test performance, operated as unfair advantages over the other participants at the same level of English proficiency who do not possess technical knowledge closely related to the contents of the test passages. Based on these results, it may be argued that the reading text should be composed of maximally neutral contents to every testee to avoid the possible overlapping between a test-taker's content schemata and the content domain of the materials. Therefore, this article claims that the tenets of schema theory with its long-standing foundation on culturally predetermined content and formal schemata need to be expanded to cover professional knowledge structures, like those acquired by higher education, as the hard-wired framework of an individual's original culture-specific background knowledge.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.408-419
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was done to develop a reliable and appropriate evaluation tool for sexual educational materials and to apply it to video materials for recommendation of excellent materials. Method: The items of the content for evaluation were based on the previous studies on the sexual education and evaluation tools. After testing validity and reliability of tool, final evaluation tool for sexual educational materials was developed. The evaluation tool was applied to 84 video materials and the excellent materials were recommended. Result: The final evaluation tool for sexual educational materials which consisted of two parts was developed. One is the evaluation of basic information which includes 8 items: target population, type of materials, producer, year of production, subject, theme, running time, and guide book. The other is the evaluation of content which includes 36 items related to characteristics of material, purpose, efficiency and scope of content. After applying the tool to 84 video materials, 39 excellent sexual education materials were suggested. Conclusion: The systematic development of materials for sexual education appropriate to the specific subjects should be done. Producers should describe the basic information on the outside of materials. For recommending the excellent materials, the periodical standardized evaluation of sexual educational materials should be done, and the database of the excellent materials should be provided for further utilization.