• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.369-376
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• 2021

With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, discussions on the use of artificial intelligence are actively taking place in many fields, and various policies for nurturing artificial intelligence talents are being promoted in the field of education. In this study, we propose a robot programming framework using artificial intelligence technology, and based on this, we use Python, which is used frequently in the machine learning field, and an educational robot that is highly utilized in the field of education to provide artificial intelligence. (AI) education program was proposed. The level of autonomous driving (levels 0-5) suggested by the International Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) is simplified to four levels, and based on this, the camera attached to the robot recognizes and detects lines (objects). The goal was to make a line detector that can move by itself. The developed program is not a standardized form of solving a given problem by simply using a specific programming language, but has the experience of defining complex and unstructured problems in life autonomously and solving them based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology. It is meaningful.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.168-168
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• 2020

This study is to evaluate the drought-related bigdata characteristics published from South Korean by developing crawler. The 5 years (2013 ~ 2017) drought-related posted articles were collected from Korean internet search engine 'NAVER' which contains 13 main and 81 local daily newspapers. During the 5 years period, total 40,219 news articles including 'drought' word were found using crawler. To filter the homonyms liken drought to soccer goal drought in sports, money drought economics, and policy drought in politics often used in South Korea, the quality control was processed and 47.8 % articles were filtered. After, the 20,999 (52.2 %) drought news articles of this study were classified into four categories of water deficit (WD), water security and support (WSS), economic damage and impact (EDI), and environmental and sanitation impact (ESI) with 27, 15, 13, and 18 drought-related keywords in each category. The WD, WSS, EDI, and ESI occupied 41.4 %, 34.5 %, 14.8 %, and 9.3 % respectively. The drought articles were mostly posted in June 2015 and June 2017 with 22.7 % (15,097) and 15.9 % (10,619) respectively. The drought news articles were spatiotemporally compared with SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and RDI (Reservoir Drought Index) were calculated. They were classified into administration boundaries of 8 main cities and 9 provinces in South Korea because the drought response works based on local government unit. The space-time clustering between news articles (WD, WSS, EDI, and ESI) and indices (SPI and RDI) were tried how much they have correlation each other. The spatiotemporal clusters detection was applied using SaTScan software (Kulldorff, 2015). The retrospective and prospective cluster analyses were conducted for past and present time to understand how much they are intensive in clusters. The news articles of WD, WSS and EDI had strong clusters in provinces, and ESI in cities.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.23.1-23.11
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• 2021

Objectives: This study assessed the reliability of digital color measurements using images of resin composite specimens captured with a cellphone. Materials and Methods: The reference color of cylindrical specimens built-up with the use of resin composite (shades A1, A2, A3, and A4) was measured with a portable spectrophotometer (CIELab). Images of the specimens were obtained individually or pairwise (compared shades in the same photograph) under standardized parameters. The color of the specimens was measured in the images using RGB system and converted to CIELab system using image processing software. Whiteness index (WI_D) and color differences (ΔE₀₀) were calculated for each color measurement method. For the cellphone, the ΔE₀₀ was calculated between the pairs of shades in separate images and in the same image. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Linear regression models were used to predict the reference ΔE₀₀ values of those calculated using color measured in the images. Results: Images captured with the cellphone resulted in different WI_D values from the spectrophotometer only for shades A3 and A4. No difference to the reference ΔE₀₀ was observed when individual images were used. In general, a similar ranking of ΔE₀₀ among resin composite shades was observed for all methods. Stronger correlation coefficients with the reference ΔE₀₀ were observed using individual than pairwise images. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of cellphone images to measure the color difference seems to be a feasible alternative providing outcomes similar to those obtained with the spectrophotometer.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

When a large-scale cyber attack or terrorism occurs and the country suffers enormous damage or poses a fatal threat to security, social interest in nurturing cybersecurity workforce increases. In addition, the government often suggests policies and guideline to train cybersecurity workforce. However, the system that can systematically manage trained cyber workforce after they are employed in related organizations or companies is still weak. Software workforce has a standardized qualification level model, so appropriate jobs are set and managed for each level. Cyber workforce also need a specialized qualification level model that takes into account their career, academic background, and education&training performance. By assigning a qualification level, the duties that can be performed for each level should be set, and the position and duty of the department should also be assigned in consideration of the level. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a qualification level model for cyber security workforce.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purposes: It is very important to establish a clinical data warehouse based on a common data model to offset the different data characteristics of each medical institution and for drug surveillance. This study attempted to establish a clinical data warehouse for Dankook university hospital for drug surveillance, and to derive the main items necessary for development. Methodology/Approach: This study extracted the electronic medical record data of Dankook university hospital tracked for 9 years from 2013 (2013.01.01. to 2021.12.31) to build a clinical data warehouse. The extracted data was converted into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (Version 5.4). Data term mapping was performed using the electronic medical record data of Dankook university hospital and the standard term mapping guide. To verify the clinical data warehouse, the use of angiotensin receptor blockers and the incidence of liver toxicity were analyzed, and the results were compared with the analysis of hospital raw data. Findings: This study used a total of 670,933 data from electronic medical records for the Dankook university clinical data warehouse. Excluding the number of overlapping cases among the total number of cases, the target data was mapped into standard terms. Diagnosis (100% of total cases), drug (92.1%), and measurement (94.5%) were standardized. For treatment and surgery, the insurance EDI (electronic data interchange) code was used as it is. Extraction, conversion and loading were completed. R language-based conversion and loading software for the process was developed, and clinical data warehouse construction was completed through data verification. Practical Implications: In this study, a clinical data warehouse for Dankook university hospitals based on a common data model supporting drug surveillance research was established and verified. The results of this study provide guidelines for institutions that want to build a clinical data warehouse in the future by deriving key points necessary for building a clinical data warehouse.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.315-332
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• 2023

PURPOSE. This study aimed to investigate whether the accuracy of intraoral scanners is influenced by different scanning strategies in an in vitro setting, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 standard. The following PICOS approach was used: population, tooth impressions; intervention, the use of intraoral scanners with scanning strategies different from the manufacturer's instructions; control, the use of intraoral scanners following the manufacturers' requirements; outcome, accuracy of intraoral scanners; type of studies, in vitro. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases including Embase, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were based on in vitro studies that reported the accuracy of digital impressions using intraoral scanners. Analysis was performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3.5; Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). Global comparisons were made using a standardized mean difference based on random-effect models, with a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS. The meta-analysis included 15 articles. Digital impression accuracy significantly improved under dry conditions (P < 0.001). Moreover, trueness and precision were enhanced when artificial landmarks were used (P ≤ 0.02) and when an S-shaped pattern was followed (P ≤ 0.01). However, the type of light used did not have a significant impact on the accuracy of the digital intraoral scanners (P ≥ 0.16). CONCLUSION. The accuracy of digital intraoral scanners can be enhanced by employing scanning processes using artificial landmarks and digital impressions under dry conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.125-134
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose an efficient surveillance RADAR(RAdio Detection And Ranging) interface control unit(ICU) design in the naval combat system. The proposed design applied a standardized architecture for modules that can be shared in ship combat system software. An error detection function for each link was implemented to increase the recognition speed of disconnection. Messages that used to be sent periodically for human-computer interaction(HCI) are now only transmitted when there is a change in the datagram. This can reduce the processing load of the console. The proposed design supplements the radar with the waterfall scope and time-limited splash recognition in relation to the hit check and zeroing of the shot when the radar processing ability is low due to the adoption of a low-cost commercial radar in the ship. Therefore, it is easy for the operator to determine whether the shot is hit or not, the probability of wrong recognition can be reduced, and the radar's resources can be obtained more effectively.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.79-93
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate therapeutic exercise and to provide the evidence of daoyin exercise for shoulder pain. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Science ON, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System were searched up to October 2022. We selected randomized controlled trials. The quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis were perfomed by Review Manager software. Results Eighteen randomized controlled trials were collected in accordance with the selection and exclusion criteria. Among the 18 trials, 7 trials used strengthening exercise, 4 trials used stablilization exercise, 5 trials used both types of intervention, and 2 trials used daoyin exercise. The study characteristics, results and method of intervention were analyzed. Meta-analysis showed that therapeutic exercise appeared to more effective than no treatment group for shoulder pain (standardized mean difference=-1.18, 95% confidence interval=-1.44 to 0.91, Z=8.82, p<0.00001; chi²=2.71, p=0.61; I²=0%). Conclusions All of 18 selected studies reported the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise for shoulder pain. Combining strengthening and stablilization exercise is considered the most efficient way for shoulder pain. Based on this study, well-designed studies should be performed to be evidence of the use of daoyin exercise for shoulder pain.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2023

The United States (US) National Science Foundation's (NSF's) National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a continental-scale observation facility, constructed and operated by Battelle, that collects long-term ecological data to better understand and forecast how US ecosystems are changing. All data and samples are collected using standardized methods at 81 field sites across the US and are freely and openly available through the NEON data portal, application programming interface (API), and the NEON Biorepository. NSF led a decade-long design process with the research community, including numerous workshops to inform the key features of NEON, culminating in a formal final design review with an expert panel in 2009. The NEON construction phase began in 2012 and was completed in May 2019, when the observatory began the full operations phase. Full operations are defined as all 81 NEON sites completely built and fully operational, with data being collected using instrumented and observational methods. The intent of the NSF is for NEON operations to continue over a 30-year period. Each challenge encountered, problem solved, and risk realized on NEON offers up lessons learned for constructing and operating distributed ecological data collection infrastructure and data networks. NEON's construction phase included offices, labs, towers, aquatic instrumentation, terrestrial sampling plots, permits, development and testing of the instrumentation and associated cyberinfrastructure, and the development of community-supported collection plans. Although colocation of some sites with existing research sites and use of mostly "off the shelf" instrumentation was part of the design, successful completion of the construction phase required the development of new technologies and software for collecting and processing the hundreds of samples and 5.6 billion data records a day produced across NEON. Continued operation of NEON involves reexamining the decisions made in the past and using the input of the scientific community to evolve, upgrade, and improve data collection and resiliency at the field sites. Successes to date include improvements in flexibility and resilience for aquatic infrastructure designs, improved engagement with the scientific community that uses NEON data, and enhanced methods to deal with obsolescence of the instrumentation and infrastructure across the observatory.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.290-304
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• 2023

Background: Innovative Alzheimer's disease drugs received approval in the United States in 2021 and 2023. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of these novel treatments, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and compare their impact on cognitive function improvement with approved drugs. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of pivotal clinical studies related to Alzheimer's disease treatments in PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from January 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this systematic review. When compared to the placebo, the new drugs did not exhibit a statistically significant effect on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) (mean difference= -0.04, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -0.31, 0.23, N=3662, I²=0%). However, they demonstrated a significant impact on ADAS-cog (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale) (standardized mean difference= -0.15, 95% CIs: -0.2, -0.1, N=6710, I²=17%). When compared to the approved drugs, the new drugs showed a statistically significantly lower effect on MMSE (test for subgroup difference Chi²=23.13, N = 5870, p<0.00001) but showed only a trend of decreased efficacy on ADAS-cog (Chi²=1.16, N = 8670, p=0.28). Conclusion: New drugs yielded diverse clinical endpoint results compared to the placebo, and in comparison to existing approved drugs, they exhibited lower efficacy in improving cognitive function. The safety profile of these new drugs, as reported in clinical trials, was generally well-tolerated.