• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제27_28호
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• pp.89-109
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• 1994

This thesis compares the duration aspect of the Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This thesis is the first attempt to do that. For this purpose, this thesis proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study. Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment, In Conclusion, the most Prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. The Daegu tongue is generally considered as a 'tone language.' And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quickly say the syllables between the Pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly, But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring Pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.379-383
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• 1996

This paper compares the duration aspect of Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This paper is the first attempt to do that. For this purpose, this paper proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study. Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment. In Conclusion, the most prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. Daegu tongue is generally considered as "tone language." And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quitckly say the syllables between the pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly. But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1994

The international standard for digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still image known as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) standard is investigated for medical image archiving and communication. The JPEG standard has widely been accepted in the areas of electronic image communication, computer graphics, and multimedia applications, however, due to the lossy character of the JPEG compression its application to the field of medical imaging has been limited. In this paper, the JPEG standard is investigated for medical image compression with a series of head sections of magnetic resonance (MR) images (256 and 4096 graylevels, $256 {\times}256$size). Two types of Huffman codes are employed, i. e., one is optimized to the image statistics to be encoded and the other is a predetermined code, and their coding efficiencies are examined. From experiments, compression ratios of higher than 15 were obtained for the MR images without noticeable distortion. Error signal in the reconstructed images by the JPEG standard appears close to random noise. Compared to existing full-frame bit-allocation technique used for radiological image compression, the JPEG standard achieves higher compression with less Gibb's artifact. Feature of the progressive image build-up of the JPEG progressive coding may be useful in remote diognosis when data is transmitted through slow public communication channel.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1997

This paper shows a performance estimation of windowing a single tone with added Gaussian noise and uniform noise. Signal-to-noise ratio can be determined by the ratio of the output noisy signal variance to the input noisy signal variance of a window. Standard deviation of noise is reduced by windowing Signal-to-noise ratio of the noisy signal is reduced by the windowing operation. Thus, performance of window function can be determined by this filtering operation that improved the signal-to-noise ratio.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.825-836
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to analyze the harmony of contrast coloration of the traditional Korean dress as the subject of the study for women's college students in Korea and America. The sense of harmonious coloration for 64 colorations was evaluated based on a yellow and a green Korean jackets, to be contrast colorization, by combining four different tones, vivid, light, dull, and dark tones in a purple and a blue skirt with a yellow jacket, a red and a purple skirt with a green jacket. We tried to make sure of the cultural difference by the distinction in the perception of women's college students. in Korea and America. The result of the study is as follows. In the contrast coloration of a yellow jacket with a purple and a blue skirt, Korean women students, generally, perceived that the coloration that skirt is more dark than jacket, dull and dark tone is harmonious. On the other hand, American women students perceived harmonious skirt tone is various depending on the jacket tones. In the coloration of a green jacket and a red skirt, the women students of two countries are in common that the coloration of a vivid skirt with a vivid, a dull, and a dark jacket are harmonious. However, Korean women students indicated that a light jacket with a dark tone skirt as a harmonious coloration. American women students evaluated that various tones of coloration as a harmonious coloration. In the coloration of a green jacket and a purple skirt, Korean women students perceived that the coloration is incompatible coloration. American women students perceived the coloration is congruous in the coloration of a dull and a dark tone jacket and skirt. In the response of the perception for 64 contrast coloration, Korean students evaluated 14 sets and American students judged 28 sets as harmonized colors. Therefore, it drew the conclusion that Korean students had the sense of harmonious coloration of more narrow range than American students. There was a difference between two cultures in the standard far contrast coloration.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권5A호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2007

IEEE 802.11의 DCF는 경쟁 기반 방식으로 폴링 기반 방식의 PCF에 비해 알고리즘이 단순하고 나쁘지 않은 성능을 보여주기 때문에 실질적으로 많이 쓰이고 있다. 하지만 DCF는 경쟁을 통하여 채널을 할당받기 때문에 데이터 전송 시에 다른 노드들과 충돌의 위험이 있다. 이러한 충돌을 줄이기 위해서 CSMA/CA의 충돌 회피 방식을 사용하지만 그 성능에는 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 톤을 사용한 새로운 경쟁 기법 TAR(Tone-based Access scheme with Repetitive contention)를 제안한다. TAR에서는 데이터 전송 채널(data transmission channel)외에도 적은 구간의 경쟁 채널(contention channel)을 두어 데이터 전송과 경쟁을 병렬적으로 처리함으로써 기존의 CSMA/CA가 가지고 있는 충돌에 대한 문제를 줄이고자 하였다. 경쟁 기법의 큰 개념은 기존의 CSMA/CA 기법을 이용하지만 경쟁 채널이라는 개념을 도입하여 반복적인 경쟁을 통해 데이터 전송 채널에서의 충돌 확률을 크게 줄이는 장점이 있다. 제안한 TAR 기법은 모의실험을 통해 기존의 기법에 비해 크게 좋은 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2016

Color plan that contains corporate color of Seoul apartment has a great influence on city environment, considering high-rise vertical dispersion and extent. Therefore, it is necessary to view color plan from an integrative viewpoint. Here, this research aimed at deriving guideline factors of esthetic color plan based on city identity, by recognizing the importance of apartment color and color plan characteristic of recently built brand apartments. Exterior color plan characteristic of Seoul brand apartments seen in this research, first, most of dominance colors were in same color similar tone with warm color in bright and warm image, as the psychological function, accessory colors appeared in similar tone of similar color harmonious with the dominance color. Also, accent color was highlighted with its identity through cooperative color. Second, emotional effect diminished size and weight of high-rise apartment. The upper levels showed clear and clean image, middle to lower level showed stability and comfortable image, on the whole, refined and urbane image that aim for natural and modern image. Therefore, apartment color plan requires, first, in respect of dominance color, unity is required proper for urban image by preparing color permission limitation standard. Second, dominance color and accessory color require historicity and differentiation in sociality that urban identity gets. Third, high-rise upper level cooperative color accent color requires compatibility with urban landscape. Lastly, guideline along with rate is required for color, tone, and pattern, etc. by extent contrast. Here, apartment color plan requires consistent research as urban environment color, also, base study should be accelerated as a part of competitive city branding.

• 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2018

Objectives: Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been used as a measure of cardiac autonomic function. According to the pNN50 statistic, the percentage of differences between successive normal RR intervals (RRI) that exceed 50 ms, has been known to reflect cardiac vagal modulation. Relatively little is known about the validity of pNN50 during general anesthesia (GA). Therefore, we evaluated the correlation of pNN50 with other variables such as HF, RMSSD, SD1 of HRV reflecting the vagal tone, and examined the validity of pNN50 in anesthetized patients. Methods: We assessed changes in RRI, pNN50, root mean square of successive differences of RRI (RMSSD), high frequency (HF) and standard deviation 1 (SD1) of $Poincar{\acute{e}}$ plots after GA using sevoflurane anesthesia. We also calculated the probability distributions for the family of pNNx statistics (x: 2-50 ms). Results: All HRV variables were significantly decreased during GA. HF power was not correlated with pNN50 during GA (r = 0.096, P = 0.392). Less than pNN47 was shown to have a correlation with other variables. Conclusions: These data suggest that pNN50 can not reflect the level of vagal tone during GA.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 1982

Conclusion: The results of this study are encouraging for the development of a set of interpretable diagnostic criteria for a reasonably reliable identification of some species. The present study has been limited in the characteristics studied and was made on relatively poor photography. Further study on high quality photography, over wider areas and including such additional characteristics as crown texture and shadow intensity should prove useful. A preliminary examination has been made of some photo-image characteristics of a number of important tree species on large scale (1:9,000) contact prints of panchromatic mm. The characteristics studied were crown image tone, and shape. Image tone was estimated against a standard grey-scale and shows within-species consistency and a range between species. Crown shapes were subjectively assessed but there appears to be a within-species consistency and interpretable between-species differences. The results of this trial suggest that it should be practicable to make a number of important species distinctions by photo-interpretation with a useful degree of reliability. Other characteristics beside those studied might be usefully examined. Photography: Hand-printed glossy contact prints of vertical 1:9,000 scale panchromatic photography of Kwangnung Experimental Forest flown May 1964. The filter used is unknown (probably minus-blue). The camera is unknown but was probably a military type K-17 or K-22 with 6"(apostfophy) lens. The photography shows notably poor resolution. Species: 143 individual trees ranging through 11 species (7 softwood, 4 hardwood) were included in the study. A range of size classes were included for each species.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2012

Collisions between tags greatly reduce the identification speed in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems and increase communication overhead. In particular for an active RFID system, tags are powered by small batteries, and a large number of re-transmissions caused by collisions can deteriorate and exhaust the tag energy which may result in missing tags. An efficient collision-free arbitration protocol for active RFID systems is proposed in this paper. In this protocol, a new mechanism involving collision detection, collision avoidance, and fast tag access is introduced. Specifically, the pulse burst duration and busy-tone-detection delay are introduced between the preamble and data portion of a tag-to-reader (T-R) frame. The reader identifies tag collision by detecting pulses and transmits a busy tone to avoid unnecessary transmission when collision occurs. A polling process is then designed to quickly access the collided tags. It is shown that the use of the proposed protocol results in a system throughput of 0.612, which is an obvious improvement when compared to the framed-slotted ALOHA (FSA) arbitration protocol for ISO/IEC 18000-7 standard. Furthermore, the proposed protocol greatly reduces communication overhead, which leads to energy conservation.