• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.14-17
• /
• 2006

Infants who are born prematurely or with low birth weight should be immunized at the same postnatal chronologic age. They should receive BCG, DTaP, IPV vaccines according to the same recommended schedule as full term infants. Hepatitis B vaccine schedule is modified when hepatitis B vaccine is administered a infant with birth weight less than 2,000 g. The recommended standard dose of each vaccine should be administered. Proportion of children experiencing vaccine-related adverse events dose not differ between full-term and preterm infants. Immunization with routinely recommended childhood vaccines is safe for preterm and low birth weight infants.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2018

Recently, there has been inter-Korean exchanges are active, in company with an assertive international activity with North Korea and inter-Korean Summits. Thus, there is a growing possibility of Korean reunification. However, when the unification situation occurs, population inflow by North Korean residents will be expected, and it will be necessary to prepare a housing supply strategy. In addition, even if North Koreans are prevented from entering, a plan is necessary to ensure structural safety since most buildings in North Korea are aging and a recent natural disaster occurs frequently. In this research, we will try to present a temporary housing supply strategy and a short-term structural reinforcement plan based on analysis of the standard housing conditions in North Korea. In this research, we represent the analysis result of the existing construction level, supply status and structural performance of North Korea. When we consider the reinforcement period and social costs, a short-term reinforcement plan is recommended rather than the full reinforcement of the aged housing in North Korea. Furthermore, we examine the ways to secure the residential safety of North Koreans through a case study of domestic and overseas temporary residential facilities, until the permanent residential facilities were supplied. According to the analysis, the tent houses were used as a form of relief housing in overseas frequently. However, the tent house is difficult to apply for domestic country with clear seasons due to insulation and heating problems. Therefore, it is appropriate to develop a residential supply strategy as focusing on the temporary housing facilities in assembled or container from, in preparation for the future population inflow.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2017

현재 국내 하수처리장 방류수 질소 수질 기준 개정의 필요성에 대한 의견들이 지속적으로 제안되고 있다. 하지만, 명확한 근거 없이 기준이 강화될 경우 국내 하수처리장에 혼란을 야기할 것이 자명하다. 본 연구에서는 장기 배양법을 기반으로 용량 및 산업단지 연계 처리에 따른 국내 하수의 질소 성상을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 하수처리장에서 처리되기 어려운 질소 성분인 NBDDON는 1.0 ~ 1.9 mg/L 범위를 보였으며, 하수처리장 용량이 적을수록 DON 농도 & NBDDON/DON가 증가하였다. 또한 도시하수를 처리하는 하수처리장보다 산업단지 하수처리장의 NBDDON/DON 비가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향 후 국내 하수처리장 방류수 수질 기준 개선을 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것이라 전망한다.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.871-884
• /
• 2011

표준장기요양이용계획서는 노인장기요양보험 이용자와 가족의 급여이용을 지원하기 위한 목적으로 도입된 일종의 케어플랜이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 가족수발자가 인지하는 표준장기요양이용계획서의 질과 만족도, 활용도를 파악하고 이들 간의 관계를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구자료는 2008년 11월~12월 현재 노인장기요양보험 1~3등급 판정을 받고 재가장기요양서비스를 이용하고 있는 수급자의 가족수발자를 대상으로 가정방문면접조사를 통해 수집하였고, 총 944명의 가족수발자 가운데 표준장기요양이용계획서를 읽어본 경험이 있으며 설문을 완성한 351명이 최종분석대상이 되었다. 조사도구는 가족수발자와 수급자의 인구사회학적 특성 및 장기요양특성, 질 측정항목(9개), 전반적 만족도 측정항목(1개), 활용도 측정항목(2개) 등을 포함하였고, 질, 만족도 및 활용도 간의 관계를 파악하기 위해 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 표준장기요양이용계획서의 질은 장기요양 욕구평가 영역, 장기요양 이용계획 영역, 월 한도액 관리지원 영역 등 세 개 영역으로 구분되었고, 모든 영역이 만족도 및 활용도와 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 다음으로 경로분석 결과, 표준장기요양이용계획서의 장기요양 욕구평가 영역의 질(간접효과, 경로계수=0.077)과 전반적 만족도(전체효과, 경로계수=0.324)가 활용도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구결과는 표준장기요양이용계획서의 역할을 향상시키기 위한 전략을 개발하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제22권
• /
• pp.3-48
• /
• 2004

Many presentations of documents are rejected because credits have been incorrectly issued. One reason of rejecting the documents is related with error in application stage of L/C. Errors may take the form of mismatches between the terms of the sales contract and the provisions stipulated in the credit. Thus, Article 5 encourages applicants to make their contribution to the smooth running of the letter of credit process by being unambiguous and brief. Another reason that the banks reject the documents relates to the ambiguity of the term "International Standard Banking Practice" That is to say, UCP500 Art.13 introduced the term "International Standard Banking Practice"(ISBP) without the definition so that one wonder what ISBP is or how ISBP apply in daily work of bankers, examination of documents. From hence, International Chamber of Commerce(ICC) started the work to document ISBP at May 2000, finally approved the result last year and published the publication titled "International Standard Banking Practice for the examination of documents under documentary credits." By applying ISBP in document examination stage, I expect that the freqency of rejecting the documents grow less and bankers' work of examination become easy. On the other hand, ISBP is supplement to UCP500 so that the interpretation of ISBP is made on the basis of understanding of UCP and its underlying principles. So, I reviewed each paragraphs of ISBP on this basis and tried to indicate contradiction between ISBP and UCP500. But because of reading not enough, I failed to search the connotative sense many paragraphs have.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 1993

In order to evaluate the long-term permeability performace of the geotextiles, for five different combination of geotextiles and soils the long-term column test method The results obtained are as follows; 1.The gradient range of the initial stage of the long-term permeability curves varied with respect to the soil types, while that of the final stage varied according to the interaction of the soil/geotextile system. 2.The time required for a given soil/geotextile system to reach a interactive stable stage was measured ahout 100 hours for the standard sand and 150 to 600 hours for the silty content soils, respectively. 3.There were no differences between the plain woven geotextile and the non-geotextile in the long-term permeability performance. 4.As the silt content increased, the long-term performance of the geotextiles decreased, and the limiting silt content was about 15%. 5.The thickness and area density of the geotextiles did not influence on the variation of the seepage quantities. 6.The ayerage slope and the transition time of the long-time flow curve were calculated. 7.In order to evaluate the mechanism of soil/geotextile system more perfectly, the gradient ratio test or the hydraulic conductivity test is required.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제24권
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2011

A brief consultation of English Arabic dictionaries and encyclopedias shows that there is no one single standard Arabic translation of the English concept 'democracy'. Arab authors use, instead, a series of multiple terms that need clarification if the first term is to be clear. In many cases, they tend to localize the term into Arabic using various orthographic forms; at other times, they run a rather lengthy analysis to elucidate the concept that seems to be an essentially contested term. This paper aims to inquire into the reasons for the confusion and inconsistency in the translation of the concept 'democracy', as well as the underlying arguments for advocating the localization rather than translation of this political concept. This will be followed by a discussion of the implications of this study for lexicographers and translators. Given the fact that ideology is of non-Arabic origin, English perceptions of this fluid concept might help account for its lack of clarity in Arabic translations since Arabic is highly influenced by English in various spheres of life. It would thus be wise first to check the perceptivity of English authors of the concept. To better serve the purpose of this study, the author distinguishes here between 'translation' and so-called 'localization'. The term 'translation' is concerned with finding an existing term in the target language with an equivalent meaning for a foreign word, whereas localization involves taking the foreign term and making it linguistically and culturally appropriate to the target language, by subjecting it to the morphological and syntactic rules of Arabic to be used as if it were originally Arabic.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.189-193
• /
• 2011

The current standard cost for recycling applied under the Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR) institution, is not coping with continuously increased number of obligatory subject items as well as a variety of variable cost changing factors regarding the recycling treatment cost caused by price fluctuation such as increased material and labor cost entirely across the society; changes in recycling treatment process following the developing technologies; and changes in the required work forces and equipments followed by the trends of automated facilities. Despite such various cost fluctuation factors, the current EPR is not coping with the trends, making the re-calculation process difficult, which causes differences between the real treatment cost for recycling. In this study, the analysis was made on main factors affecting on the related cost and the related price changing index was calculated, by conducting the influence evaluation on the standard cost factors of the current standard cost for recycling. Through theses results, more objective standard will be set for the re-calculation of standard cost for recycling to greatly contribute to setting up the midterm and long-term strategies in the future towards efficient institution.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2007

This study investigates the effect of related variables (types of job, term of employment, working time, job satisfaction, payment satisfaction and, working stress) on the sense of hopelessness felt by married males. The study was conducted on 237 male employees residing in Busan, and measurement devices for study were job-related variables, working stress and hopelessness scale. The study used SPSS 12.0 program to analyze data, and conducted item analysis and reliability test for measure establishment. Average, Standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, scheffe-test, Pearson correlation, and path analysis through regression analysis were conducted pertaining to research subject. The result of this study is as follows; First, working stress has significant difference upon types or working, term of employment and job satisfaction. Office workers relatively have longer term of employment and workers who are less satisfied with job suffer from more working stress. Second, hopelessness has significant difference upon term of employment, job satisfaction and payment satisfaction among job-related variables. Thus, hopelessness is relatively less when term of employment is shorter and job satisfaction and payment satisfaction is higher. Third, variables which affect directly to working stress and hopelessness are term of employment $(\beta=.245)$, payment satisfaction $(\beta=-.182)$ and working stress $(\beta=.189)$, and types of job, term of employment and job satisfaction influences hopelessness indirectly through working stress. In conclusion, workers are more negative when term of employment is longer, payment satisfaction is less and working stress is higher. Moreover, longer term of employment and less job satisfaction contribute to higher working stress and eventually influence hopelessness. Term of employment affects the most to hopelessness $(\beta=.274)$, and it is followed by working stress $(\beta=.189)$ and payment satisfaction $(\beta=-.182)$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2007

Physicochemical properties of commercial long-term fermented kimchies which are widely available in Korea were investigated. The commercial long-term fermented kimchies were fermented almost more than 6 months. Average values for saltiness, pH and acidity of the long-term fermented kimchies were $3.0{\pm}0.5%$, $4.0{\pm}0.2$, and $1.88{\pm}0.76%$, respectively. The long-term fermented kimchi showed similar Leuconostoc sp. and Lactobacillus sp. counts as baechu kimchi ripened properly during fermentation. The amount of Leuconostoc sp. and Lactobacillus sp. of the long-term fermented kimchi were $10^{7\sim8}$ CFU/mL and $10^{4\sim7}$ CFU/mL, respectively. The long-term fermented kimchi showed $0.32{\pm}0.18$ lightness, $1.73{\pm}0.98$ redness, $0.52{\pm}0.31$ yellowness. Long-term fermented kimchi showed higher lightness, redness, yellowness than well-fermented standardized baechu kimchi. Breaking strength of long-term fermented kimchi was higher than that of well-fermented standard baechu kimchi.