• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

Recently water demand is increasing as the industry prospers. The increase of water demand is followed by the increase of wastewater discharge which pollutes rivers and ground water extensively. These rivers, reservoirs and ground water are sources for drinking water and their contamination affects the quality of water supply and other potable water. In Korea there are 776 water treatment plants which supply drinking water from main rivers or reservoirs. Rivers are the biggest water source for drinking water is being contaminated, the innovation of treatment process is needed. The construction and operation of water supply facilities is under the control of the Ministry of Construction and the water supply offices of cities and provinces. However, drinking water quality is under the control of the bureau of sanitation in the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. There are 33 items in drinking water quality standards of Korea. Trihalomethanes, Selenium, Diazinone and other three of pesticides have been included lately, The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is planning to enhance. the level of $VOC_S$(Vola-tile Organic Compounds) standard. Drinking water quality standard is the goal to protect the quality of supply water and ground water. In order to protect the source water from domestic or industrial water, technological improvement and adequate investment should be urgently made. The ultimate goal of drinking water quality is safety and health of consumers. The more stringent the standard are, the better the water quality will be. As the drinking water quality standards become more stringent this year, various and positive solutions by the authorities concerned must be prepared.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제31권A호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the cost effectiveness in line with total phosphorus standard enforcement of public sewage treatment facilities. The additional cost for the total phosphorus removal process was calculated to analyze the cost effectiveness of the advanced water purification process. The analysis results showed that the T-P removal by coagulation sedimentation was more efficient than the advanced water purification facilities in terms of facilities investment cost, and if the coagulation filteration was used for T-P removal, the activated carbon process among the advanced water purification techniques was more efficient in terms of facilities investment cost. In this study, the effects of the T-P removal process that will be additionally introduced according to the tightening of the effluent T-P standard were analyzed within a limit. The actual benefits of improved T-P concentration in the water source will provide diverse values, including the leisure water, environment improvement water, eco-system in the water source and industrial water, in addition to the advanced water purification.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2021

In this study, the current regulation of the water source energy, one of the renewable energy, was analyzed, and the improvement plan for the high efficient data center cooling system was suggested. In the improvement plan, the design and construction guidelines of the water source energy system permit to adopt the cooling and heating system with or without heat pump. In addition, it should also include the system operated in the cooling mode only all year-round. The domestic test standards to consider the water source operating conditions should be developed. Especially, it is highly recommended that the test standards to include the system with forced cooling and free cooling modes related with the enhanced data center cooling system adopting the water source energy.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 1999년도 제16회 광학 및 양자전자 학술발표회Proceedings of 16th Optics and Quantum Electronics Conference, 1999
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• pp.132-133
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• 1999

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2008

Benzene is a very harmful and toxic compound known as human carcinogen by all routes of exposure. Owing to the risky feature of benzene, several countries such as Japan, UK and EU have established the ambient air quality standard and protect from that risk of it. Korea also has designated it as one of the criteria air pollutants and established the concentration limit ($5\;{\mu}g/m^3$) in the air and is going to apply the standard from 2010. Benzene is emitted from various sources such as combustion plants, production processes, waste treatment facilities and also automobiles. Mobile source is known as one of the major emission sources of benzene. In this study, we estimated the domestic emissions of benzene from mobile source and compared the results with those of advanced countries. Mobile source was divided into 2 categories, Le., on-road source and non-road source. The total emissions of benzene from mobile source were estimated as 3,106 tons/yr and 1,612 tons/yr was emitted from on-road source and 1,494 tons/yr was from non-road source. Emission ratio of benzene from on-road source showed that 80.0% was from passenger cars, 10.1% was from taxis, 7.2% was from light-duty vehicles, 2.5% was from heavy-duty vehicles and 0.2% was from buses. In the case of non-road source, the distribution showed that 66.3% was from construction machineries, 14.5% was from locomotives, 11.7% was from ships, 7.1% was from agriculture equipments and 0.5% was from aircrafts. The cold-start emissions were estimated as 942 tons/yr and this value was almost 1.5 times greater than that for hot engine emissions (608 tons/yr). In addition, the fuel-based distribution was 65.9%, 31.1% and 2.8% from gasoline, LPG and diesel vehicles, respectively. The emission ratio from mobile source occupied 65% and 30% of total benzene emissions in USA and UK, respectively. In case of Korea, the emission ratio of benzene from mobile source occupied 29% (15% from on-road source, 14% from non-road source) which showed similar value with UK.

• 지질공학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2015

남한 지역에서 수행된 검층밀도 자료를 수집하고 코어밀도 자료와 비교 분석하였다. 먼저 코어밀도와 검층밀도 자료의 비교로부터 검층밀도가 비이상적으로 낮은 현상이 얻어졌으며 이는 소선원 검층밀도 자료에서의 비이상적으로 낮은 밀도와 연관되어 있음이 밝혀졌다. 표준선원과 소선원 자료간의 큰 밀도 차이를 비롯하여 표준선원 검층밀도와 코어밀도 간의 상관성 비교에서 나타난 분포곡선의 형태, 평균값, 표준편차 등 모든 결과들이 소선원 밀도자료의 품질에 이상이 있음을 보였다. 소선원 밀도자료에서의 품질 이상은 검층밀도 결정에서 소선원 밀도검층기가 지니는 선원 특성과 연결되었으며 결론적으로 지금까지의 소선원 밀도자료는 정확성을 유지하기 위한 최소의 조건이 충족되지 못한 상태에서 얻어진 것으로 판단하였다. 끝으로 코어자료와 표준선원 자료를 사용하여 남한지역 주요 지층의 밀도 분포 특성이 결정되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2024

There are growing concerns that the recently implemented Earthquake Early Warning service is overestimating the rapidly provided earthquake magnitudes (M). As a result, the predicted damages unnecessarily activate earthquake protection systems for critical facilities and lifeline infrastructures that are far away. This study is conducted to improve the estimation accuracy of M by incorporating the observed S-wave seismograms in the near source region after removing the site effects of the seismograms in real time by filtering in the time domain. The ensemble of horizontal S-wave spectra from at least five seismograms without site effects is calculated and normalized to a hypocentric target distance (21.54 km) by using the distance attenuation model of Q(f)=348f^0.52 and a cross-over distance of 50 km. The natural logarithmic mean of the S-wave ensemble spectra is then fitted to Brune's source spectrum to obtain the best estimates for M and stress drop (SD) with the fitting weight of 1/standard deviation. The proposed methodology was tested on the 18 recent inland earthquakes in South Korea, and the condition of at least five records for the near-source region is sufficiently fulfilled at an epicentral distance of 30 km. The natural logarithmic standard deviation of the observed S-wave spectra of the ensemble was calculated to be 0.53 using records near the source for 1~10 Hz, compared to 0.42 using whole records. The result shows that the root-mean-square error of M and ln(SD) is approximately 0.17 and 0.6, respectively. This accuracy can provide a confidence interval of 0.4~2.3 of Peak Ground Acceleration values in the distant range.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

밀봉선원은 과학기술부고시에 의거하여 사용용도별로 등급에 따라 해당 성능시험을 수행하고, 각 성능시험을 거친 후 해당 방사성핵종의 방사능 누설량이 200베크렐을 초과하지 아니하여야 한다. 이러한 성능시험은 온도시험, 의부압력시험, 충격시험, 진동시험 및 관통시험으로 구성되어 있으며 등급에 따라서 각 성능시험의 조건이 각각 다르다. 본 연구에서는 진동시험을 제외한 성능시험을 위한 장치를 개발하고 이를 세 가지 종류의 밀봉선원의 성능시험에 적용하였다. 의료용 근접치료기에 사용되는 근접치료기용 선원은 5등급의 온도시험, 3등급의 외압시험, 2등급의 충격시험을 수행하여 'C53211' 등급의 기준에 적합함을 보였다. 산업용 조사기에 사용되는 $^{75}Se$ 및 $^{169}Yb$ 선원에 대하여 4등급의 온도시험, 3등급의 외압시험, 5등급의 충격시험과 관통시험을 실시하여 'C43515' 등급의 기준에 적합함을 입증하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.261-264
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• 2003

We try to distribute air pollution sources at target area. The complex method is used to distribute air pollution sources. Most of people, However, want to simple indicator as standard for express air pollution source. In many area, air pollution is caused by different types of sources. The general type is point source, such as tall stack of power plants and oil refineries stacks. A second type is areal source, such as local industry and transportation. In this aspect, the ratio of sulfur dioxide to nitrogen oxides (RSN =SO$_2$/NOx)is an indicator of air pollution source. the role of this ratio is to show the characteristics at target area of the relationship the point and the areal source. (omitted)

• 신재생에너지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Only ground source heat pump units certified according to the regulations in Korea can be adopted in ground source heat pump systems. In this study, domestic and international standards and regulations for ground source heat pump units were investigated. Unlike ISO 13256-1~2, which is the international standard, KS B 8292~8294 for ground source heat pump unit only included rated test conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement various test conditions to the KS B series, because its performance data, which is required to calculate the system's design capacity, is dependent on the change in entering water temperature. The difference between the coefficient of performance of the certified ground source heat pump units and the certified criteria changed significantly according to the operating mode, heat source, and load type, because the criteria increased by about 5% for all. Thus, it is highly suggested that the certification standards be revised while considering the product performance level and various conditions.