• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2816-2821
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• 2008

This paper investigates the flow field and organism concentration in a UV disinfection channel in which vertical ultraviolet lamps are arranged in a staggered configuration. Turbulence is described by low Reynolds number ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model, respectively. P-1 method has been employed to solve the radiative transfer equation. The obtained incident radiation is used to compute the inactivation term in the species equation. The CFD results are in good agreement with the existing experimental data for the UV channel. For the flow field, the low-Reynolds number ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model is superior to the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model. The approach velocity has a significant effect on the disinfection efficiency. The organism concentration at the outlet decreases fast to a low inlet velocity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

In the biological world, there are a number of ecological fights for survival between each organism such as plants, animals and microorganism In such events, an organism can use its natural bioactive products as defence agent against other organisms. Furthermore, natural bioactive products can be utilized for medicine or functional food. Recently, we investigate the effect of Monascus pigment extracted from a fungus, Monascus anke, on the alcohol metabolism and blood lipid profile. In the present study, it is observed that Monascus pigment supplemented dietary may have a hepatoprotective effect on rat's liver damage induced with $CCl_4$ . By treatment with $CCl_4$(3 times, I.P), liver damage was reduced more in the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet, based on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, microsomal glucose-6-phosphatse activity and hepaic malondialdehyde content. On the other hand, oxygen free radical generating enzymes, hepatic P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase, xanthine oxidase, and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities were generally higher both in $CCl_4$ treated group and control fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet. In conclusion, the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet showed more reduced liver damage than those fed standard diet, which may be due to the acceleration of oxygen free radical metabolism.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 해조류인 Umbraulva japonica의 표면에서 79개의 세균을 분리하였다. 16s rRNA 유전자 분석 결과, 주요 계통군은 Proteobacteria (74.69%), Actinobacteria (2.53%), Fimicute (2.53%), Bacteroidetes (20.25%)로 4개의 문(Phylum)이 관찰되었고, 7개의 강(Class), 13개의 목(Order), 17개의 과(Family), 31개의 속(Genus)을 확인하였다. 계통학적 분석 결과 3개의 균주가 표준균주와 97% 이하의 유사성을 보여 신속 또는 신종으로 보고될 가능성이 있다고 여겨지며, 향후 표준균주들과 함께 추가적인 신종 실험이 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 분리된 79 균주를 이용하여 인체 및 어류 병원균을 대상으로 항균 활성을 확인하였다. UJT7, UJT20, UJR17의 균체 현탁액이 Vibrio vulnificus에 대하여 항균 활성을 나타냈으며 UJR17의 균체 현탁액은 V. vulnificus와 Streptococcus parauberis에 항균 활성능이 있음을 확인하였다. UJT7은 Bacillus sp., UJT20과 UJR17은 Pseudomonas sp.로 확인되었으며 다양한 활용을 위한 추가적인 실험을 수행한 후 유익하게 이용 될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

2012년 5월에서 10월 사이에 우리나라 넙치 육상 양식장을 대상으로 폐사 피해 및 수산생물용 의약품 사용량을 전수 탐문조사와 표본 정밀조사의 형태로 진행하였다. 조사는 해당 양식장과 거래하고 있거나 관계를 맺고 있는 전국의 수산질병관리사 조사요원의 직접 현장 방문을 통한 면접과 표준 매뉴얼을 통한 진단을 통하여 실시하였다. 전국 565개의 넙치 육상 양식장을 대상으로 한 탐문 전수조사에서 해당기간 동안의 피해율은 27.18%로 집계되었고, 표본 60개소의 총 피해율은 25.50%로 나타났다. 표본조사의 피해율 조사가 $95{\pm}10%$ 이내의 신뢰성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 피해원인 별로는 탐문조사 및 표본조사에서 모두 스쿠티카병, 자연감모, 연쇄구균병, VHS, 선별도태, 비브리오병, 활주세균병 등의 원인이 높은 피해율을 보이는 것으로 집계되었다. 피해 중량과 피해금액을 봤을 때는 고체중의 넙치에서 발생한 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사피해 및 연쇄구균증이 매우 높은 피해율을 보여주었다. 표본조사에서 수산생물용의약품의 사용량을 조사한 결과, 가장 많이 사용되었던 의약품은 스쿠티카병 치료목적의 formalin 약욕제제인 것으로 나타났고, 항균 항생물질로는 연쇄구균병의 치료목적으로 사용되는 amoxicillin, florfenicol과 광범위 항균작용을 기대하는 oxytetracycline, neomycin 등의 사용량이 높았다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2009

This study has shown the screening of anti-bacterial activity of three Indian medicinal plant choloroform : methanol (50:50) solvent leaf extracts (i.e. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, and Curcuma longa) with different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, and 0.156 mg/ml) under in vitro conditions against fish pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda isolated from olive flounder farms, Jeju Island, South Korea. The anti-microbial activity of the A. indica and O. sanctum extracts yielded the zones of growth inhibition (ZI) was 3 and 1mm against A. hydrophila at concentration of 0.156 mg/ml when compared to that of tetracycline standard (3 mm). At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa, high inhibition was 9, 7, and 6 mm when compared to that of tetracycline (11 mm) against A. hydrophila. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa at 0.156 mg/ml that yield 9, 10, and 13 CFU/ml for A. hydrophila, 16, 22, and 25 CFU/ml for S. iniae and 18, 22, and 23 CFU/ml for E. tarda compared to the tetracycline. At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of the three extracts was better inhibiting the growth of A. hydrophila, S. iniae and E. tarda. A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa were determined to the potential antioxidant activityon the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. A. indica extract was 0.625 mg/ml which indicated that the strong anti-oxidant activity. However, O. sanctum and C. longa extracts showed weak anti-oxidant activity at this concentration. Hence, in vitro assay among the pathogens, A. hydropila is better inhibitory activity of the extracts. It is evident that the Indian medicinal plants extracts were subjected to its effectiveness against A. hydrophila, S. iniae, and E.tarda at low concentrations. The obtained results in the present study suggested that the Indian plant extracts is a prevention tools for Korean olive flounder aquaculture pathogens and its need further advance investigation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of Yersiniae and correlation between Yersiniae and indicator organism by time and area in spring water located in northern part of Seoul. Samples collected from 46 spring waters located in four mountains(Dobong, Bukhan, Surak, Bulam) were inspected to detect Yersiniae and indicator organisms. And also there were examined bioserological characteristics and resistance of ahtibiotics of the isolated Yersiniae.The result were as follows. 1. The isolation rate of Yersiniae was 22% in February and 20% in April. The isolated species were 6 strains of Y. enterocolitica, 6 strains of Y. aldova, 4 strains of Y. intermedia and 43 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis. The serotype of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from was all O:5 and biotype of Y. enterocolitica isolated from was all O:3. 2. The Geometric mean of standard plate count, coliform, and psychrotrophilic bacteria were 3.4 CFU/ml, 1.2 MPN/100 ml and 33.0 CFU/ml in February and 3.1 CFU/ml, 1.5 MPN/100 ml and 20.5 CFU/ml in April respectively. There was no significant difference by time and area but the indicator organisms were correlated significantly with each other (p<0.05). 3. Because detection of Yersiniae was not statistically associated with indicator organism, Yersiniae can be detected in the spring water approved microbiologically (p<0.05). 4. The Yersiniae isolated were resistant to Ampicillin, Colistin, Carbenicillin and Coilstin. All isolaed Y. enterocolitica were resistant to Ampicillin (100%). In the case of Y. pseudotuberculosis, only 1 of 3 isolated was resistant to Colistin but susceptible to other antibiotics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 1995

The monacolin retard in vivo synthesis of cholestrol. This study was conducted to select the best strain of Monascus sp. for monacolin production among 21 strains. In addition, research on suitable condition for mass production was conducted. Monascus pilosus M-15 was selected as the best strain for production of monacolin. The appropriate substrate for the monacolin production seem to be as follow : glycerin 5%, glucose 2%, corn steep liquor 0.5%, sodium nitrate 0.5% and length of fermentation was at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10~12days, respectively. The monacolin obtained from this organism was compared with standard monacolin using UV, IR, and GC/MS system and it was very close to the standard monacolin.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

2012년 5월에서 11월 사이에 우리나라 넙치, 조피볼락, 무지개송어, 뱀장어, 흰다리새우, 전복 양식장에서 발생하는 폐사피해를 표본조사를 통해 모니터링하였다. 조사의 방식은 해당 양식장과 거래하고 있거나 관계를 맺고 있는 전국의 수산질병관리사 조사요원의 직접 현장 방문을 통한 면접과 표준 매뉴얼을 통한 진단을 통하여 실시하였다. 조사기간 중 넙치 양식장에서는 총 27.9%의 누적 피해율을 보여주었고, 이중 스쿠티카병, 연쇄구균병, VHS, 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사, 비브리오병, 활주세균병의 순으로 폐사피해가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 조피볼락 양식장에서는 13.6%의 누적 피해율을 보여주었고, 아가미 흡충병, 연쇄구균병, 비브리오병, 활주세균병, 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사 순의 폐사피해가 나타났다. 무지개송어의 경우 총 17.1%의 피해율을 기록하였고, 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사와 백점병이 주된 폐사 원인으로 집계되었다. 뱀장어의 경우 비교적 낮은 0.6%의 피해율을 기록하였으며, 에드워드병, 백점병, 아가미흡충병이 주된 피해요인이었다. 흰다리새우는 71.2%의 피해율을 보였으며, 대부분 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사으로 집계되었고, 바이러스성 흰반점병도 12.5%의 피해를 준 것으로 나타났다. 전복의 경우 10.7%의 피해율 모두가 비감염성 원인에 의한 폐사 피해인 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.410-418
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• 1998

From the ancient times, herbs, animals and minerals were used as natural medicine to cure human disease in diverse ways. One of the representative forms in oral intake is decoction. But medicinal decoction degenerates as time passes just as all foods do by the environmental factors, such as micro-organism, enzyme, light and the air. Nowadays, as medicinal decoctions are kept in bottles and retort pouch for longtime, some standard data for preservation is necessary. In order to measure the standard statistics for safe preservation, Youngsunjetongeum used to treat rheumatism, and gout 'were used. According to this experiment which measured pH, specific gravity, analgesic effect and anti-inflammatory effect, the results were as follows: 1. No remarkable change was found in pH and in the specific gravity of decoction. 2. As for the analgesic effect induced by acetic acid in mice, no remarkable decrease in its medicinal efficacy was found, until the 9th day, but it showed in its medicinal efficacy from the 11th day. 3. As for the resultant anti-inflammatory effect caused by vascular permeability, induced by carrageenin and acetic acid, no remarkable decrease in its medicinal efficacy was found until the 9th day, but showed decrease in its medicinal efficacy from 11th day. In conclusion, keeping the natural medicinal decoction more than 9 days should be avoided.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to development of hazardous materials management standards for the decoction type of personalized herbal medicines (PHMs). Methods: This study was conducted in two stages. We searched documents about criteria to use words such as 'Herb', 'Herbal medicine', and 'Botanical Drug' and summarized the results. We organized the committee consisted of seven experts, and held two meetings to reach an agreement on hazardous management standards of the decoction type of PHMs. Results: The seven documents were presented in the literature review and six items related to hazardous management standards of decoction were identified. The second expert meeting brought that a total of six items, including heavy metal, pesticide residues, sulfur dioxide, benzopyrene, mycotoxin, and micro-organism limits, were selected for safety management of decoction type of PHMs. Also, the criteria and test methods for each standard were suggested for monitoring the decoction type of PHMs. Conclusion: The study suggested hazardous material management standards and criteria for the decoction types of PHMs. In the future, it would be necessary to conduct a pilot test to ensure the validity and credibility of the safety management standard and criteria. Furthermore, the government level safety management system should be introduced to verify the safety of decoction medicines.