• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.234-235
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• 2019

In the stacking and pitching items of the stone masonry and demolition process presented by 2018's standard of estimate, 7 estimating standards are presented according to the depth of masonry stone, and it is presented that the quantity per unit increases as the depth of masonry stone grows. As a result of analyzing the application status in the site, it is shown that 2 or 3 stones are mainly used according to the stone sizes regardless of the depth of masonry stone, and that as the size of the stone becomes larger, the quantity per unit decreases due to the size per square meter(㎡). Also, in most of sites, machine construction is mainly carried out by excavators with clampers attached to them. Therefore, in the 2019's application standard of estimate, it is analyzed that the size is simplified down to 3 sizes reflecting the site application status and that it is revised as a standard reflecting the result that as the stone size becomes bigger, the productivity increases.

• Transportation Technology and Policy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.77-82
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• 2012

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.616-623
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• 2002

This paper proposes a new DFA methodology that ran estimate the standard assembly time and evaluate the assemblability of parts for small-sized product. We deride some determining and influencing factors related with assembly process and measure the assembly time using notion analysis to estimate of assemblability. We deduce quantitative store of assemblability through analysis of a correlation between determining factors and grade of influencing factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.58-65
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• 2003

Vehicle acceleration data from an accelerometer and wheel speed data from standard, 50-tooth antilock braking system wheel speed sensors are used to estimate the absolute longitudinal speed of a vehicle. We develop the four velocity estimation algorithms. And we compare experimental results with the Butterworth filtered speed from the fifth wheel and find that it is possible to estimate absolute longitudinal vehicle speed during a hard braking maneuver lasting three seconds.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2011

In this study, we performed model lateral load test for connected-type foundations of transmission tower with bar in clay, and proposed failure standard and measuring method to estimate ultimate lateral bearing capacity. For this study, we performed model lateral load tests in Iksan, Jeollabukdo and analyzed load-displacement characteristic of the model. We manufactured model foundation of transmission tower connected with bar and that considered a change of rigidity. We installed various measuring sensors to find general foundation behavior. From the test results, we measured, compared and analyzed load capacities, and then proposed failure standard to estimate bearing capacity for connecting type foundation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.182-192
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• 1997

The well-known standard normal distribution has been used within the limit of standard variable value of u=3.59. However, the probability values above the limit are not given in the literature. In this study, a probability computation program for standard normal distribution to u=5.99 with the proportional normal distribution a, pp.oximation suggested by Abramowitz and Stegun, Hastings is developed. The new standard normal distribution table developed by the program is presented and will be of help to estimate of probability values for testing and estimation of process mean value, lot acceptable probability, defective percentage of PPM unit of an out-of specification limit, process capability, test power of control charts, probability and statistics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.171-174
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• 2009

The standard estimation system, used to estimate the predetermined cost of construction work, is measured by the standard and typical construction methods and field conditions. And the standard estimation system is applied to basic data for the measuring of construction cost, such as the consumed quantity of material, labor hours, and machinery cost. However it does not reflect sufficiently for the diversity and reality of constructions work Therefore, this study is recognized the necessity of new cost estimation models for the rational construction cost estimation. To improve estimation technique and construction ability, it was analyzed labor hours, production volume based on the work crew in construction work.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a noise estimation method for noise reduction. It is based on block and pixel-based noise estimation. We assume that an input image is contaminated by the additive white Gaussian noise. Thus, we use an adaptive Gaussian filter and estimate the amount of noise. It computes the standard deviation of each block and estimation is performed on pixel-based operation. The proposed algorithm divides an input image into blocks. This method calculates the standard deviation of each block and finds the minimum standard deviation block. The block in flat region shows well noise and filtering effects. Blocks which have similar standard deviation are selected as test blocks. These pixels are filtered by adaptive Gaussian filtering. Then, the amount of noise is calculated by the standard deviation of the differences between noisy and filtered blocks. Experimental results show that our proposed estimation method has better results than those by existing estimation methods.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2005

This study aims to measure stretch rate of standard weight in the $2{\times}1$ rib stitch and $2{\times}2$ rib stitch, and to apply features of rib stitch to the knit pattern. The reviewer examined the sample knit for test with 100% wool, $2/48's{\times}2$, 12 gauge, and then made knit patterns and sample clothes for test considering stretch rate of standard weight of 10gf, 15gf, 20gf, 25gf based on the results from the former test, and finally estimated the try-outs for sample clothes. This study came out with the following results: From the functional estimate of knit patterns made by standard stretch rate of each stitch, the 20gf weight sample clothes of $2{\times}1$ and $2{\times}2$ rib stitchs were in high estimate. For the bust, B/4~ -4.6cm knit pattern was made of $2{\times}1$ rib stitch, B/4~5.3cm of $2{\times}2$ rib stitch. In conclusion, because $2{\times}1$ and $2{\times}2$ rib stitchs has the much higher stretch rate in the direction of the course than $0{\times}0$ ad $1{\times}1$ rib stitchs, high stretch rate of standard weight should be applied to the case of making knit wear. It is expected that this will lead stable sizing and measurement system when used in making knit patterns, and satisfy knit wearers' various needs.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2009

Using panel data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLlPS), we examine the wage differentials between standard and Don-standard workers. To control for unobserved individual heterogeneities, we estimate the fixed effect models. Our results show that the OLS estimates are upwardly biased. We also find that labor unions and firm size are important determinants of the wage differentials.