• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2001

The applicability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) was tested to determine the protein and oil contents in ground soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. A total of 189 soybean calibration samples and 103 validation samples were used for NIRS equation development and validation, respectively. In the NIRS equation of protein, the most accurate equation was obtained at 2, 8, 6, 1(2nd derivative, 8 nm gap, 6 points smoothing and 1 point second smoothing) math treatment condition with SNV-D (Standard Normal Variate and Detrend) scatter correction method and entire spectrum by using MPLS (Modified Partial Least Squares) regression. In the case of oil, the best equation was obtained at 1, 4, 4, 1 condition with SNV-D scatter correction method and near infrared (1100-2500nm) region by using MPLS regression. Validation of these NIRS equations showed very low bias (protein:-0.016%, oil : -0.011 %) and standard error of prediction (SEP, protein: 0.437%, oil: 0.377%) and very high coefficient of determination ($R^2$, protein: 0.985, oil : 0.965). Therefore, these NIRS equation seems reliable for determining the protein and oil content, and NIRS method could be used as a mass screening method of soybean seed.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

In Korea, there are a couple of risk assessment organizations: The Animal Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency(QIA) and the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The major food laws include the Food Sanitation Act (FSA), the Livestock Product Processing Act (LPPA), and the Agricultural Products Quality Control Act (APQCA). Milk and dairy products are mostly controlled by the Food Sanitation Act and the Livestock Product Processing Act. This study was carried out to estimate the current standard methods of foodborne pathogens for dairy products, comparing the Livestock Products Processing Act with the Food Sanitation Act. The standard methods of foodborne pathogens for dairy products are composed by growth culture, isolation culture, and identification, however, standard methods of QIA and KFDA are different at the using of medium and inspection stage. Therefore, consolidation of risk management and risk assessment methods are regarded important to provide safe dairy products to consumer.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.29-50
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• 2019

본고는 링크드 데이터 및 LRM을 반영하여 2019년 RDA가 개정됨에 따라 RDA의 다양한 활용을 위해 RDA 응용 프로파일 작성시 고려사항을 연구하였다. 연구방법으로 문헌연구와 사례연구를 이용하였으며, 연구 결과로 RDA 응용 프로파일 구축시 다음의 고려사항을 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 응용 프로파일의 내용으로 기존 연구자들이 제시한 항목인 요소명, 요소 ID, 요소 URI, 기술 방식, 출처, 출처값, 요소의 최소 및 최대 기술 횟수, 주기사항 이외에 추가사항으로 반대 요소, 상위 요소, 하위 요소, 도메인, 범주, 레이블의 여러 이름, MARC 매핑, BIBFRAME 매핑, RDA 기술 사례를 제안하였다. 둘째, RDA의 모든 요소별 규칙에는 4가지 기술 방식과 여러 조건과 선택사항이 제시되고 있는데 이를 보다 구조화시켜 응용 프로파일에 적용하기 위해 RDA 규칙 분석을 바탕으로 규칙을 플로우차트로 표현하는 방법과 이를 다시 응용 프로파일로 표현하는 방안을 제시하였다. 셋째, RDA와 BIBFRAME은 내용 표준과 입력 포맷으로서 상호 연계되고, RDA를 내용규칙 사용하는 BIBFRAME 입력기를 작성하기 위해서는 RDA 규칙과 이에 해당하는 BIBFRAME의 상호 연계가 필수이므로 RDA 응용 프로파일의 내용으로 RDA와 BIBFRAME의 매핑 정보를 추가할 것을 제안하였다. 본 연구를 통해 RDA 응용 프로파일 구축 방안을 모색할 수 있을 것이며, RDA 내용규칙을 바탕으로 한 BIBFRAME의 프로파일 작성에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 1998

This study was conducted to establish a rapid analysis method for determining protein and moisture contents of pea. Ninety and eighty pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines were analyzed to determine protein and moisture contents, respectively using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Simple correlations (${\gamma}$) of protein content in a ground sample and an intact grain sample by an automatic regression method were 0.978 and 0.910, respectively. Simple correlations by partial least square regression/principal component analysis (PLS/PCA) methods were 0.982 and 0.925, respectively. Standard error of performance (SEP) in protein content was the lowest value, 0.446 in ground sample by PLS/PCA methods. Simple correlation of moisture content was the highest at 0.871 in ground samples. when using a standard regression method. Accuracy for the moisture content was slightly lower than for protein content. It was concluded that the NIRS method would be applicable only for rapid determination of protein content in pea.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2002년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.58-62
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• 2002

The standard of crop quality is required to promote the consumption and produce the high quality products. It will contribute the stability for processing products and the marketability of crops. Upland crop quality is considered to the three categories; the marketing value such as grain size, shape and appearance; the eating and processing value such as milling rate, dehulled ratio and kernel hardness; the nutritional value such as protein, lipid and isoflavone content. Even though many characters were analyzed for crop quality, effective method of evaluation to enhance the control of quality was not performed till now. Therefore, in the future, research in upland crop quality should emphasize to establish the standard evaluation method.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2001

The applicability of non-destructive near infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIRS) method was tested to determine the protein and oil contents of intact soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. A total of 198 soybean calibration samples and 101 validation samples were used for NIRS equation development and validation, respectively. In the developed non-destructive NIRS equation for analysis of protein and oil contents, the most accurate equation was obtained at 2, 8, 6, 1(2nd derivative, 8 nm gap, 6 points smoothing, and 1 point second smoothing) and 2, 1, 20, 10 math treatment conditions with Standard Normal Variate and Detrend (SNVD) scatter correction method and entire spectrum (400-2500 nm) by using Modified Partial Least Squares (MPLS) regression, respectively. Validation of these non-destructive NIRS equations showed very low bias (protein: 0.060%, oil: -0.017%) and standard error of prediction (SEP, protein: 0.568 %, oil : 0.451 %) as well as high coefficient of determination ($R^2$, protein: 0.927, oil: 0.906). Therefore, these non-destructive NIRS equations can be applicable and reliable for determination of protein and oil content of intact soybean seeds, and non-destructive NIRS method could be used as a mass screening technique for selection of high protein and oil soybean in breeding programs.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Background : A new extraction method-heated ultrasonic extraction was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for the extraction of major ginsenosides from ginseng extract; this new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was compared with the official extraction method of Korean industrial standards and standard for health functional food. Methods and Results : Ginsenoside compounds were analyzed for 35 minutes by the new HPLC analysis method using a Halo$^{(R)}$ RP-Amide column. The new HPLC analysis method was validated by the measurement of intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of each ginsenoside. The correlation coefficients (r2) for the calibration curves of the ginsenoside compounds were over 0.9997 in terms of linearity. The heated ultrasonic extraction method using ultrasonication for 30 minutes at $50^{\circ}C$ yielded higher amount of ginsenosides than the extraction method of the Korean industrial standards owing to the enhancement of extraction efficiency. Conclusions : Compared to the other extraction methods, the heated ultrasonic extraction method yielded a higher amount of ginsenoside Rb1 than Rg1 index compounds for the quality evaluation of ginseng roots.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.727-733
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• 2011

A new Korean standard for the determination of Cr(VI) in soils has been officially published as ES 07408.1 in 2009. This analytical method is based on the hot alkaline digestion and colorimetric detection prescribed by U.S. EPA method 3060A and 7196A. The hot alkaline digestion accomplished using 0.28 M $Na_2CO_3$ and 0.5 M NaOH solution (pH 13.4) at $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ determines total Cr(VI) in soils extracting all forms of Cr(VI), including water-soluble, adsorbed, precipitated, and mineral-bound chromates. This aggressive alkaline digestion, however, proved to be problematic for certain soils which contain large amounts of soluble humic substances or active manganese oxides. Cr(III) could be oxidized to Cr(VI) by manganese oxides during the strong alkaline extraction, resulting in overestimation (positive error) of Cr(VI). In contrast, Cr(VI) reduction by dissolved humic matter or Fe(II) could occur during the neutralization and acidic colorimetric detection procedure, resulting in underestimation (negative error) of Cr(VI). Futhermore, dissolved humic matter hampered the colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) using UV/Vis spectrophotometer due to the strong coloration of the filtrate, resulting in overestimation (positive error) of Cr(VI). Without understanding the mechanisms of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) transformation during the analysis it could be difficult to operate the experiment in laboratory and to evaluate the Cr(VI) results. For this reason, in this paper we described the theoretical principles and limitations of Cr(VI) analysis and provided useful guidelines for laboratory work and Cr(VI) data analysis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2008

Egg grading is determined by exterior and interior quality. Among the evaluation methods for the egg quality, a candling method is common to identify eggs with cracked shells and interior defects. But this method is time-consuming and laborious. In addition, practically, it is challenging to detect hairline and micro cracks. In this study, an on-line inspection system based on acoustic resonance frequency analysis was developed to detect hairline cracks on eggshells. A roller conveyor was used to transfer eggs along one lane to the impact position where each of eggs rotated by the roller was excited with an impact device at four different locations on the eggshell equator. The impact device was consisted of a plastic hammer and a rotary solenoid. The acoustic response of the egg to the impact was measured with a small condenser microphone at the same position as the impact device was installed. Two acoustic parameters, correlation coefficient for normalized power spectra and standard deviation of peak resonant frequencies, were used to detect cracked eggs. Intact eggs showed relatively high correlations among the four normalized power spectra and low standard deviations of the four peak resonant frequencies. On the other hand, cracked eggs showed low correlations and high standard deviations as compared to the intact. This method allowed a crack detection rate of 97.6%.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2002년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.53-57
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• 2002

Quality evaluation must be more developed in order to offer the sufficient information for producer, distribution centers buyer, consumer. There are many parameters which influence the rice quality and cooked rice. It is difficult to evaluate the quality of rice and cooked rice by only some parameters. In the case of rice quality evaluation in Korea, physicochemical inspection is performed by examining the minimum and maximum limits of brown rice recovery, moisture content, damaged kernel, and colored kernel as inspection standard. Marketing standard of rice defines the limits of perfect, white core and belly, colored, damaged kernels, and broken rice, classifying into special, excellent, and normal grades. As a research direction for the development of rice quality evaluation, establishment as parts of technical field, must be further developed as follows : more detailed measure of characters, search of unknown taste-related components, creation and grade classification of quality evaluation factors at each management stages of treatment after harvesting, evaluation as food material as well as cooking rice, method development for simple evaluation and establishment of equation for palatability. In the side of policy, the following concerns must be conducted: price discrimination in conformity to rice cultivar and grade under the basis of qualify evaluation method developed, fixation of head rice branding, and introduction of low temperature circulation.