• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.941-949
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• 2010

The three electrode system was used to detect the pesticide fenitrothion ($C_9H_{12}NO_5PS$. MW=277.24) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The working electrode was mercury immobilized on a carbon nanotube paste electrode (Hg-CNTPE). At the optimized condition, the limit of detection (LoD) was 0.6 ppt ($2.16{\times}10^{-12}\;M$), and the relative standard deviation was 0.035% (n=15). And there is more sensitive in detecting fenitrothion than common type carbon nanotube paste electrode. When it was implanted into the brain of live fish (carp), the existence of fenitrothion was measured without any destruction or damage of tissue.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2011

Neuro feedback training using ElectroEncephalo Grams (EEGs) is commonly utilized in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Recently, BCI (Brain-computer Interface) contents have developed, not for the purpose of treatment, but for concentration improvement or brain relaxation training. However, as each user has different wave forms, it is hard to develop contents controlled by such different wave. Therefore, an EEG process that allows the ability to transform the variety of wave forms into one standard signal and use it without taking a user's characteristic of EEG into account, is required. In this paper, a framework that can reduce users' characteristics by normalizing and converting measured EEGs is proposed for contents. This framework also contains the process that controls different brainwave measuring devices. In experiment a handling process applying the proposed framework to the developed BCI contents is introduced.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.622-632
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• 2022

Microvascular decompression is the gold standard for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, percutaneous techniques still play a role in treating patients with TN and offer several important advantages and efficiency in obtaining immediate pain relief, which is also durable in a less invasive and safe manner. Patients' preference for a less invasive method can influence the procedure they will undergo. Neurovascular conflict is not always a prerequisite for patients with TN. In addition, recurrence and failure of the previous procedure can influence the decision to follow the treatment. Therefore, indications for percutaneous procedures for TN persist when patients experience idiopathic and episodic sharp shooting pain. In this review, we provide an overview of percutaneous procedures for TN and its outcome and complication.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to applicate and evaluate a SYBR Green real-time PCR for the specific detection of Salmonella spp. Specificity of the PCR method was confirmed with 48 Salmonella spp. and 5 non-Salmonella strains using invA gene primer. The average threshold cycle ($C_T$) of Salmonella spp. was $11.83{\pm}0.78$ while non-Salmonella spp. was $30.86{\pm}1.19$. Correlation coefficients of standard curves constructed using $C_T$ versus copy number of Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 showed good linearity ($R^2=0.993$; slope = 3.563). Minimum level of detection with the method was > $10^2$ colony forming units (CFU)/mL. These results suggested that the SYBR Green real-time PCR might be applicable for the specific detection of Salmonella spp. isolates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.5
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• pp.1053-1068
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• 2020

In accordance with the new healthcare policy of government (Moon Jae-In Care) to strengthen health insurance coverage, the National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain/neck MR angiography (MRA), and head and neck MRI have been expanded since 2018 in Korea. This article has been reviewed focusing on the "Detailed matter concerning criteria and method for providing reimbursed services in the NHI. Some revisions" regarding reimbursement for MRI, which was revised from October 2018 to April 2020 and is currently in effect. It included the MRI reimbursement system in Korea, recent adjustment of the reimbursement coverage for patients with headache or dizziness, and reimbursement coverage, standard imaging, and radiologic report of brain MRI, brain/neck MRA and head and neck MRI. This article could help radiologists gain knowledge on health insurance to protect the expertise of the radiologist and to play a leading role in the hospital. As the policy changes, detailed matter concerning criteria and method for providing reimbursed services in the NHI may be revised. Therefore, radiologists should update issues related to insurance reimbursement for MRI continuously.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2017

To evaluation of clinical usefulness for B1+RMS limits, we compared image quality of Routine, Specific absorption rate (SAR) and Root mean square (RMS) protocol. 5 volunteers underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan of the brain using three different protocols. We draw Region of interest ROI in cortex, white matter, gray matter, putamen and thalamus of axial plan. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) were evaluated in each area and Contrast to noise ration (CNR) were evaluated between white matter and gray matter. Qualitative evaluation was used to score each ROI. B1+RMS is confirmed its usefulness compared to conventional SAR standard on the aspect of improvement of image quality, reduction of scan time and easy adjusting parameter.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2007

Spatiotemporal changes of brain rhythmic activity at a certain frequency have been usually monitored in real time using scalp potential maps of multi-channel electroencephalography(EEG) or magnetic field maps of magnetoencephalography(MEG). In the present study, we investigate if it is possible to implement a real-time brain activity monitoring system which can monitor spatiotemporal changes of cortical rhythmic activity on a subject's cortical surface, neither on a sensor plane nor on a standard brain model, with a high temporal resolution. In the suggested system, a frequency domain inverse operator is preliminarily constructed, considering the individual subject's anatomical information, noise level, and sensor configurations. Spectral current power at each cortical vertex is then calculated for the Fourier transforms of successive sections of continuous data, when a single frequency or particular frequency band is given. An offline study which perfectly simulated the suggested system demonstrates that cortical rhythmic source changes can be monitored at the cortical level with a maximal delay time of about 200 ms, when 18 channel EEG data are analyzed under Pentium4 3.4GHz environment. Two sets of artifact-free, eye closed, resting EEG data acquired from a dementia patient and a normal male subject were used to show the feasibility of the suggested system. Factors influencing the computational delay are investigated and possible applications of the system are discussed as well.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7401-7407
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• 2013

Aim: To compare survival outcomes after whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and WBRT plus SRS combination therapy in Korea, by performing a quantitative systematic review. Materials and Methods: We searched 10 electronic databases for reports on Korean patients treated with WBRT or SRS for brain metastases published prior to July 2010. Independent reviewers screened all articles and extracted the data. When a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was available, median survival time and standard errors were calculated. Summary estimates for the outcomes in each study were calculated using the inverse variance random-effects method. Results: Among a total of 2,761 studies, 20 studies with Korean patients (n=1,053) were identified. A combination of 12 studies (n=566) with WBRT outcomes showed a median survival time of 6.0 months (95%CI: 5.9-6.2), an overall survival rate of 5.6% (95%CI: 1-24), and a 6-month survival rate of 46.5% (95%CI: 37.2-56.1). For nine studies (n=412) on SRS, the median survival was 7.9 months (95%CI: 5.1-10.8), and the 6-month survival rate was 63.1% (95%CI: 49.8-74.8). In six studies (n=75) using WBRT plus SRS, the median survival was 10.7 months (95%CI: 4.7-16.6), and the overall and 6-month survival rates were 16.8% (95%CI: 6.2-38.2) and 85.7% (95%CI: 28.3-96.9), respectively. Conclusions: WBRT plus SRS showed better 1-year survival outcome than of WBRT alone for Korean patients with metastatic brain tumors. However, the results of this analysis have to be interpreted cautiously, because the risk factors of patients were not adjusted in the included studies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 1999

Talairach atlas consists of three orthogonal sets of coronal, sagittal, and axial slices. This atlas has recently an important role as a standard brain atlas in diagnosing disease related with brain function and analyzing cause of brain disease. The 3D digital volume data set reconstructed from the atlas is widely applied to visualization and quantitative analysis of results processed in the digital computer. This paper represented application method of bi-linear interpolation technique, proposed tri-planar interpolation algorithm for 3D volume data reconstruction of Talairach atlas. And we implemented Talairach atlas editor and discussed problems in volume reconstruction of Talairach atlas. The bi-linear method was applied to only one set of the slices and considered the on intensity value in the interpolation process. The tri-planar technique concurrently uses three orthogonal sets of slices with the same information of brain structures. Talairach atlas editor visualized three sets. of atlas slices on the same coordinate and had editing function. Using the atlas editor, we represented problems in volume reconstruction by showing inconsistency of brain structures among three sets of atlas slices.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1486-1490
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• 2009

To develop the diagnostic tool for Fire-heat pattern, we analyzed sensitivity and specificity of symptom signs to diagnose the Fire-heat pattern in stroke patients. Korean medicine doctor surveyed Fire-Heat of the symptoms for the Stroke(KSDS) case report form in stroke patients within 1 month of onset. The sensitivity of "more 1/5 in major sings and 2/11 in helpful sings", "more 2/5 in major sings and 2/11 in helpful sings", "more 3/5 in major sings and 2/11 in helpful sings", "more 1/5 in major sings and 3/11 in helpful sings" "more 2/5 in major sings and 3/11 in helpful sings" "more 3/5 in major sings and 3/11 in helpful sings" are respectively 93%, 59%, 33%, 80%, 53%, 32%. The specificity are respectively 93%, 59%, 33%, 80%, 53%, 32%. The sensitivity(59%) and specificity(80%) of "more 2/5 in major sings and 2/11 in helpful sings" that to be implanted.