• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1627-1642
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• 2021

본 연구는 유소년의 골연령에 따른 체력을 평가하는 데 있으며, 골연령에 따른 체력 표준지표를 통해 유소년들의 균형적인 발달을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 연구 대상은 골연령 11세~13세 및 역연령 11세~13세에 해당하는 730명을 대상으로 하였으며 골연령 산출을 위해 X-ray 필름을 촬영한 후 TW3 방법으로 평가하였다. 체격은 신장, 체중을 신장계(Hanebio, Korea, 2021), Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019)를 사용하여 총 2개의 체격 요소를 측정하였으며, 체력은 근력(악력), 평형성(외발서기), 민첩성(플랫테핑), 순발력(제자리멀리뛰기), 유연성(좌전굴), 근지구력(윗몸일으키기), 심폐지구력(셔틀런)으로 총 7개 체력 요소의 종목을 측정하였다. 자료처리 방법은 SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0)을 이용하여 기술통계, 독립표본 t-test 검정을 실시하였으며, p< .05수준에서 유의한 것으로 간주하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 11세~13세 골연령과 역연령을 비교한 결과, 체력에서 남자는 근력, 순발력, 근지구력, 심폐지구력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 여자는 근력, 평형성, 민첩성, 순발력, 유연성, 근지구력, 심폐지구력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 골연령에 따른 유소년의 성별과 연령(11~13세)별로 체력평가의 기초 자료인 골연령 체력 표준지표를 개발하였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

Purpose: To study whether breastfeeding and breastfeeding status during gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). In addition to study, whether the timing of gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of CD. Methods: It was a hospital based observational study. Total 198 patients diagnosed with CD as per modified European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (2012) criteria, aged between 6 months to 6 years were included. Detail history taken with special emphasis on breastfeeding and age of gluten introduction. Standard statistical methods used to analyze the data. Results: $Mean{\pm}standard$ deviation age of onset and diagnosis of CD in breastfed cases was $2.81{\pm}1.42$ years and $3.68{\pm}1.55$ years respectively as compared to $1.84{\pm}1.36$ years and $2.70{\pm}1.65$ years respectively in not breastfed cases (p<0.05). Those who had continued breastfeeding during gluten introduction and of longer duration had significantly delayed onset of disease. The age at onset of CD was under one year in 40.42% of the cases, who had started gluten before 6 months of age compared to only 12.58% of those who had started gluten later (p<0.001). The proposed statistical model showed that two variables, i.e., breast feeding status during gluten introduction and age at gluten introduction positively influencing the age at diagnosis of CD. Conclusion: Delayed gluten introduction to infant's diet along with continuing breastfeeding, delays symptomatic CD. However, it is not clear from our study that these infant feeding practices provide permanent protection against the disease or merely delays the symptoms.

• 암석학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2001

1997읜 이후 한국기초과학지원연구원에 K-Ar 연대 측정 시스템이 도입되어 현재 이용중이다. 이 시스템은 흑연전기로, 가스 전처리 장치, 질량분석기와 자료획득장치로 구성되어 있으며 K-Ar연대 측정은 $^{38}$ Ar을 스파이크로 이용하는 동위원소 희석법에 의한 정밀한 Ar 농도 측정과 원자흡광분석을 통한 K 정량분석에의해 이루어진다. 연대가 잘 알려진 K-Ar 연대측정용 표준물질을 이용하여 시스템의 정밀성과 정확성을 확인하였다. 백만년 이하의 연대를 갖는 시료의 경우 질량분석기의 감도와 질량차별지수의 미약한 변화에도 큰영향을 받기 때문에 정확한 연대 측정이 곤란하나 중생대 및 제 3기의 K-Ar 연대를 갖는 표준시료의 연대를 측정했을 때, 믿을 만한 결과를 내고 있다. $92.6\pm$0.6 Ma의 연대가 알려진 SORI93혹운모의 경우 92.1$\pm$1.1 Ma의 연대를 얻을 수 있었고, $18.5\pm$0.6 Ma의 Bern4M 백운모는 권고치와 유사한 $17.8\pm$0.2 Ma의 연대를 얻을 수 있었다. .

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

Plasma cholesterol is increased in normal aging in both rodents and humans. This is associated with reduced elimination of cholesterol and decreased receptor-mediated clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine age-related changes in plasma lipid profiles, and (2) to determine the effect of fenofibrate, an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR $\alpha$), on plasma lipid profiles in normal rats on a standard diet. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=15) were fed standard chow and water from 10 to 25 weeks of age. During that period, we measured daily food intake, body weight, fasting and random blood glucose levels, plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. At 20 weeks of age, all rats were randomly divided into two groups: a fenofibrate group (in which rats were gavaged with 300 mg/kg/day of fenofibrate) and a control group (gavaged with water). Fenofibrate treatment lasted 5 weeks. There were no significant changes in daily food intake, blood glucose, and plasma TG level with age. Body weight, plasma TC, and FFA levels were significantly increased with age. Fenofibrate significantly decreased plasma concentrations of TC and FFA, which had been increased with age. However, fenofibrate did not influence the plasma concentration of TG, which had not increased with age. These results suggest that fenofibrate might have a novel role in preventing age-related hypercholesterolemia in SD rats on a normal diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1974

The relative state of human iron storage may be ascertained more reliably through determination of the serum iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and absorption of radioactive iron in conjunction with studies of red cell morphology than from the study of red cell morphology alone. Recent investigations have shown that there is an increase in red cell protoporphyrin concentration in iron deficiency anemia. The significance of the red cell protoporphyrin has been discussed greatly during the years since its discovery. Two of the main factors which appear to influence the amaunt of protoporphyrin are increased erythropoiesis and factors interfering with the utilization of iron in the synthesis of hemoglobin, and iron deficiency. Recently Heller et al. have described a simplified method for blood protoporphyrin assay and this technique could be used assess nutritional iron status, wherein even minor insufficiencies are detectable as increased protoporphyrin concentrations. Based on the evaluation of the relationship between nutritional iron status and red cell protoporphyrin as an index suitable for the detection of the iron deficiency is described in this paper. RESULTS 1. Hemoglobin Concentrations and Anthropometric Measurements. The mean and standard deviations of the various anthropometric measurements of different age and sex groups are shown in table 1. There measurements have been compared with the Korean Standard. In the absence of local standards for arm circumference and skin-fold thickness over triceps, they have been compared with the standard from Jelliffe. Table 2,3, and 4 give anthropometric measurements and frequency (%) of anemia in children surveyed. The mean height of the children studid was 10 to 20 percent; below the Korean Standard. The distribution of height below 80 percent of the Standard was 21.2 percent, however, among anemic group this percentage was 27.7 percent. In general, the mean weight of the children was 10 to 15 percent below the Korean Standard. The percentage of children with weight less than 80 percent of the Standard was about 35 percent. But in the anemic group of the children, this percentage was 44 percent. The mean arm circumference was about 15 percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard. 61.2 percent of the children had values of arm circumference below 80 percent of the standard. Children with low hemoglobin levels, this percentage was 80 percent. The mean skinfold thickness over the triceps of the children studied was about 25 Percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard and 61.2 percent of the children had the value less than 80 percent of the standard. Among anemic children, this percentage was 70.8%. As may be seen from table 5, the mean hemoglobin concentration of the total group was 11.3g/100ml. Hemoglobin concentration was less than 11.0g/100ml. in 65(36.5%) of the 178 children. The degree of anemia in most of these children was mild with a hemoglobin level of less than 8.0g/100ml. found in only one child. In general, the prevalence of anemia was high in female children than male and decreased its frequency with increasing age. Relatively close relationship was observed between hemoglobin level and anthrophometric measurements especially high between arm circumference and skinfold thickness and hemoglobin but very low in height and low in weight and hemoglobin level, estimated by chi-square value. II. Serum iron, Transferrin saturation (1) Serum iron, and transferrin saturation Serum iron, transferrin saturation and red cell protoporphyrin concentrations were estimated in sub-sample of 84 children from 1 to 6 years and 24 older children between 7 and 13 years of age. The findings are presented in table 6. The mean serum iron concentration of the total group was 59ug/100ml. However, the level incrased with age from 36.6ug/100ml. (1-3years) to 80.8ug/100ml. (7-13 years). 60 percent of these children had a serum iron level less than 50ug/10ml. in the 1-3 years age group and 31.4 percent for 4-6 years group. These contrast with the finding of 12.5 percent anemic children in the 7-13 years age group. The mean transferrin saturation for the total group was 18.1 percent and frequency of anemia by transferrin saturation was observed same pattern as serum iron concentration. (2) Red cell protoporphyrin concentrations. (a) Red cell protoporphrin levels of children: Red cell protoporphyrin and other biochemical data are shown in table 4. The mean concentration in red cell of all children was fround 46.3ug/100ml. RBC. and differences with age groups were observed; in the age group 1-3 years, the mean concentration was $59.5{\pm}32.14$ ug/100ml. RBC; 4-6 years $44.1{\pm}22.57$ ug/100ml. RBC. and 7-13 years, $39.0{\pm}13.56$ ug/100ml. RBC. (b) Normal protoporphyrin values in adults: It was observed that in 10 normal adult males studied here the level of protoporphyrin in red cell ranged from 18 to 54 ug/100ml. RBC. and the mean concentration was $47.5{\sim}14.47$ ug/100ml. RBC. Other biochemical determination made on the same subjects are presented in table 8. (c) Red tell protoporphyrin concentration of occupational blood donors: The results of analyses for red cell protoporphyrin as well as serum iron, transferrin saturation and hemoglobin in the 76 blood donors are presented in table 7 and 8. In this experiment, donors were selected at random, however, most of them bled repeatedly because of poor economic situation, I doubt. Table 9 shows the distribution of red cell protoporphyrin concentration and hemoglobin concentration of occupational donors. The mean hemoglobin value for the total was 11.9 g/100 ml. When iron deficiency anemia is defined as a transferrin saturation below 15%, prevalence of anemia was 47.4 percent and the mean serum iron was 27.1ug/100ml. and red cell protoporphyrin, 168.3ug/100ml. RBC. However, mean serum iron and protoporphyrin concentration of above 15% transferrin saturation were 11.6 ug/100 ml. and 58.8 ug/100 ml. RBC. respectively. The mean Protoporphyrin concentration of non-anemic (above 15% transferrin saturation) donors was slightly higher than the results of normal adult males.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the sex, age, degree of social support on self-esteem of the old aged and to provide information for finding out ways of developing their self-esteem. The subject of this study were 504 old aged in Kwang-ju and Jun-nam. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency percentage mean standard deviation reliability ANOVA stepwise and multiple regression analysis through the SAS package program, . The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The self-esteem of old aged was 27, 2 which was above the median 22.5 2) According to the results related to the old aged the effect were by sex, age, social support, . There were also significant interaction effects by $age^{\star}$social support $sex^{\star}\;age^{\star}$aocial support $sex^{\star}$social support $sex^{\star}$age it was shown that influencing variable on their self-esteem was sex social support $sex^{\star}$social support $sex^{\star}$age age.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.195-206
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• 1988

Two major issues of the blood bank management are quality assurance and inventory control. Recently, in Korea blood donation has gained popularity increasingly to allow considerable improvement of the quality assurance with respect to blood collection, transportation, storage, component preparation skills and hematological tests. Nevertheless the inventory control, the other issue of blood bank management, has been neglected so far. For the supply of blood by donation barely meets the demand, the blood bank policy on the inventory control has been 'the more the better.' The shortage itself by no means unnecessitate inventory control. In fact, in spite of shortage, no small amount of blood is outdated. The efficient blood inventory control makes it possible to economize the blood usage in the practice of state-of-the-art medical care. For the efficient blood inventory control in Korean hospitals, this tudy is to develop formulae forecasting the standard blood inventory level and suggest a set of policies improving the blood inventory control. For this study informations of $A^+$ whole bloods and packed cells inventory control were collected from a University Hospital and the Central Blood Bank of the Korean Red Cross. Using this informations, 1,461 daily blood inventory records were formulated.48 varieties of blood inventory control environment were identified on the basis of selected combinations of 4 inventory control variables-crossmatch, transfusion, inhospital donation and age of bloods from external supply. In order to decide the optimal blood inventory level for each environment, simulation models were designed to calculate the measures of performance of each environment. After the decision of 48 optimal blood inventory levels, stepwise multiple regression analysis was started where the independent variables were 4 inventory control variables and the dependent variable was optimal inventory level of each environment. Finally the standard blood inventory level decision rule was developed using the backward elimination procedure to select the best regression equation. And the effective alternatives of the issuing policy and crossmatch release period were suggested according to the measures of performance under the condition of the standard blood inventory level. The results of this study' were as follows ; 1. The formulae to calculate the standard blood inventory level($S^*$)was $S^*=2.8617X(d)^{0.9342}$ where d is the mean daily crossmatch(demand) for a blood type. 2. The measures of performace - outdate rate, average period of storage, mean age of transfused bloods, and mean daily available inventory level - were improved after maintenance of the standard inventory level in comparison with the present system. 3. Issuing policy of First In-First Out(FIFO) decreased the outdate rate, while Last In-First Out(LIFO) decreased the mean age of transfused bloods. The decrease of the crossmatch release period reduced the outdate rate and the mean age of transfused bloods.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

본 연구는 산란 주령과 중량에 따른 계란의 주요 성분과 내부 품질의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. Hy-Line Brown 품종의 18주령에서 63주령으로부터 계란을 주령별로 약 50개씩 총 2,140개를 수거하여 난각, 난황 및 난백의 중량과 난백 높이 그리고 Haugh unit을 측정하였다. 중량 규격이 높아짐에 따라 난각, 난황 및 난백의 중량은 증가하였으나, 난백 높이와 Haugh unit은 낮아짐을 나타내었다. 또한, 산란 주령이 경과함에 따라 난황은 증가하고, 난백 비율은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 산란 주령은 난각, 난황, 난백 및 전체 계란 중량과 정의 상관관계를 보였으나, 난백 높이와 Haugh unit과는 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 계란 중량이나 주요 구성 성분의 중량이 증가함에 따라 난백 높이 및 Haugh unit은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2001

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate analysis of women with low back pain and osteoporosis were measured for 40 normal in the women from July 20, 2000 to October 20, 2000. Methods: Bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine was measured using energy absorptiometry and were correlated with age, calcium. alkaline phosphatase. bone mineral density standard T scores(p<0.05). Results: The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine decreased with aging, The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine decreased with the serum calcium and phosphate increased. The mean bone mineral density of the lumbar spine of healthy women in age($50\sim59$) was $0.83g/cm^2$, the lumbar spine of women low back pain in age($50\sim59$) was 0.75 glad. Conclusion: In the multiple regression of risk factors to bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine were correlated with age, of abortion, calcium, bone mineral density standard T scores(p<0,05). In the prevention and early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis, the physician should consider the risk factors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.766-771
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• 1995

The trachea is defined as the airway from the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage to the top of the carinal spur. This paper would confirm the normal tracheal length of Korean adults through the actual measurement using the fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The subjects of this study were 25 patients, 13 males and 12 females between the age of 20 to 69 without abnormality on the neck, trachea, mediastinum and lung pharenchyme on the preoperative chest X-ray, who received the operations from the period of July to September, 1994. For those patients who had heart diseases, the cardiothoracic ratio was below 50%. The measurement was performed on the patients with endotracheal intubation under the general anesthesia in supine and neutral position. The tracheal length was calculated by the difference between the length from the tip of the endotracheal tube [E-tube to carina and to the needle which was inserted into the E-tube at the lower border of the palpated cricoid cartilage, by inserting the broncoscopy through the E-tube. The result was as follow : 1 The measured tracheal length for men was 11.8 0.2 cm[mean standard deviation and women was 10.5 0.3 cm, and that was longer than this [p<0.01 . The average was 11.2 1.0 cm and the standard error was 0.20 cm. 2 According to the correlation between the tracheal length to weight, height[Ht , age, and body surface area[BSA respectively, the Ht [p=0.003 , age [p=0.055 , and the BSA[p=0.017 were significant, while weight was not [p=0.314 . 3 From the regression analysis of the tracheal length[T.L. to the Ht, Age, and the BSA which were significant, the following equation was derived.i Ht : T.L.= -1.29 + 0.076 x Ht [P=0.003 ii Age: T.L.= 10.04 + 0.028 x Age [P=0.055 iii BSA : T.L.= 5.60 + 3.48 x BSA [P=0.017 iv In multi-regression : T.L. = -4.15 + 0.034 x Age + 0.085 x Ht [P=0.0002]