• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.3 s.116
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• pp.47-60
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the sheet formation properties of Morus Hanjis, made of bast and whole stalk pulps by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulping. Two species of Morus, M. alba and M. lhou, were used. Effect of morphological properties of pulp stocks on the sheet formation and its gray levels based on optical property were evaluated using an Image analyzer. In addition, the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI) which was calculated from tile data of Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) on the sheet formation and optical properties of Morus Hanji were also discussed. On the sheet formation, Hanji from whole stalk pulp was superior than that of bast pulp. The more the sheet formation improved, the more paper opacity decreased. In the aspect of Hanji's surface characteristics analyzed by an Image analyzer, the average gray level and its standard deviation of Hanji from the whole stalk pulp were rather lower than those of bast pulp because of better sheet formation of the former. However, high brightness Hanji showed high value of gray level. The sheet formation and paper opacity were increased with the decrease of standard deviation of gray level. From these results, gray level measurement could be used to predict the paper opacity as well as sheet formation. Sheet formation of whole stalk Hanji and its FDI measured by CLSM were higher than those of bast fibers. In conclusion, the sheet formation and opacity of Hanji could be evaluated by standard deviation value of Hanji's gray level using an Image analyzer and by fiber distribution index using CLSM.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2003

A kind of image analysis system is used to investigate the structural features of the papers made from Indian mallow. The screen mark on the paper was identified and analyzed. The dusts, shives and fiber bundles were manifested and calculated. In the aspect of Indian mallow hanji's surface characteristics analyzed by an Image analyzer, the average of gray level and its standard deviation hanji from the woody core were rather lower than of bast fiber pulp because of better sheet formation of the formers. Hower. high brightness hanji showed high value of gray level. The sheet formation and paper opacity were increased with the decrease of standard deviation of gray level. From these results, gray level measurement could be used to predict the paper opacity as well as sheet formation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.4 s.117
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• pp.24-30
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• 2006

Formation which is an indicator of nonuniformity in fiber distribution is concerned with small scale variation in roughness, optical properties, print density, and so on. This study evaluated the formation of sheets which were made usning handsheet former and paper-machine with hydraulic headbox. Optical method and ${\beta}-ray$ method were used for formation test. The fiber type, freeness and basis weight of sheet were considered as variables. The formation of handsheet was affected by fiber type and freeness, and floe size distribution was influenced by basis weight. For machine made sheet, its formation seemed to be dependent on the hydraulic forces in headbox and former. When two formation test methods were compared, there was the highest relationship between optical formation index and normalized standard deviation from ${\beta}-ray$ method.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

An effective grafting method for jujube nursery trees was developed to shorten the operation time, improve the percentage of "takes" and shoot emergence, and form the better graft union. Out of 7 grafting methods the splice, modified scion Ono graft and the bark graft showed relatively short operation time during the grafting operation comparing to the modified rootstock Ono graft or the chip budding. Among these methods, the bark graft demonstrated 100% "takes", but the modified scion Ono graft or the standard Ono graft showed 58.3% of "takes". The percentages of the vegetative shoot emergence were 100% fir the bark graft, 70% f3r the modified scion Ono graft and lower emergence percent for the rest grafting methods. The union tissue formation for the modified scion Ono graft, the bark graft, or the whip-and-tongue graft was significantly larger than the standard Ono graft or the splice graft. In a close examination of the cross sectional areas of the graft union formation through the microscope, the bark graft was superior, the standard Ono graft was inferior and rest of the grafting methods were intermediate.ing methods were intermediate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.121-122
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• 2011

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.29.4-29.4
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• 2016

The relations between star formation and properties of molecular clouds are studied based on a sample of star forming regions in the Galactic Plane. Sources were selected by having radio recombination lines to provide identification of associated molecular clouds and dense clumps. Radio continuum and mid-infrared emission were used to determine star formation rates, while 13CO and submillimeter dust continuum emission were used to obtain masses of molecular and dense gas, respectively. We test whether total molecular gas or dense gas provides the best predictor of star formation rate. We also test two specific theoretical models, one relying on the molecular mass divided by the free-fall time, the other using the free-fall time divided by the crossing time. Neither is supported by the data. The data are also compared to those from nearby star forming regions and extragalactic data. The star formation "efficiency," defined as star formation rate divided by mass, spreads over a large range when the mass refers to molecular gas; the standard deviation of the log of the efficiency decreases by a factor of three when the mass of relatively dense molecular gas is used rather than the mass of all the molecular gas.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 1990

In order to clarify mechanism of the formation of cinnamaldehyde (CNA) in incubation mixtures of tranylcypromine (TCP) with rat liver microsomes, the CNA formed under various incubation conditions were analyzed. For the purpose, HPLC method of the analysis of CNA was developed. The formation of CNA was found to be dependent on the incubation time and the amounts of microsomes added. In addition, exclusion of NADPH or NADP of NADPH-generating system in incubation mixtures resulted in the formation of markedly decreased amounts of CNA to 8.5 and 2.4%, respectively, relative to the amounts formed each in a standard system. The small amounts measured were comparable to those formed by incubation without microsomes or with boiled microsomes. The results clearly suggested that CNA is a metabolic product of TCP by rat liver microsomes though further studies are needed to suggest details of the steps to the formation of CNA from TCP and of the enzymatic entities involved in the formation of CNA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.436-438
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• 2015

In this paper, a P2P Standard Group Formation (P2P-SGF) method in Wi-Fi Direct is presented to provide direct communication services between Internet-of-Things (IoT) gateways. Generally, network traffic congestion and speed reduction problems are caused when transmitting mass data as well as measured data from many sensors between IoT gateways via an Access Point (AP). For solving these problems, it is required to implement Wi-Fi Direct efficiently transmitting mass data between IoT gateways without passing through the AP. The implemented P2P-SGF method basically performs Discovery, GO (Group Owner) Negotiation, WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) Provisioning, and Address Configuration. Especially, it supports the DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) service function for sharing mass data between IoT gateways. Some experimental results verify that it can successfully share large video files.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Every year, the complexity and scale of disasters are growing. Cooperation between institutions must occur in order to adequately respond to urgent situations caused by these disasters. However, agencies and institutions tend to operate separately, which impose limitations to an integrated disaster response. To combat this problem, the subject of this study: 'Korean standardized integrated response system For disaster site' proposes to develop a response system that is applicable to disasters of all types and scales. Standard Formation, SOP (Standard Operation Procedure), and Standard Terms have been developed to be applicable to various institutions and agencies. The necessity for legal and institutional support to actualize the standardized system is focused on. Utilizing a standardized integrated response system will enable a unified command and control structure at disaster sites, clarify each institution's response tasks, and allow clear and efficient communication among response entities. Ultimately, these benefits will improve efficiency and performance in disaster response efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 1980

By using electrostatic model and simple bond additivity scheme a reasonable and simple method was developed for the estimation of standard enthalpy of formation $({\Delta}H_f\;^{\circ})$ of very polar compounds. The bond contributions to the enthalpy of formation for halomethanes were; ${\Delta}H_f\;^{\circ}(C-F)=-36.44\;kcal/mole,\;{\Delta}H_f\;^{\circ}(C-Cl)=-2.57\;kcal/mole,\;{\Delta}H_f\;^{\circ}(C-Br)=5.32\;kcal/mole,\;{\Delta}H_f\;^{\circ}(C-I)=19.18\;kcal/mole,\;and\;{\Delta}H_f\;^{\circ}(C-H)=-3.61\;kcal/mole$, respectively. Using these values and calculated electrostatic energies, the estimated ${\Delta}H_f\;^{\circ}$ values were estimated and found to be in good agreement with observed values.