• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 제5회 박판성형 SYMPOSIUM
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• pp.55-60
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• 2006

Draw-bead is applied to control the material flow in a stamping process and improve the product quality by controlling the draw-bead restraining force (DBRF). Actual die design depends mostly on the trial-and-error method without calculating the optimum DBRF. Die design with the predicted value of DBRF can be utilized at the tryout stage effectively reducing the cost of the product development. For the prediction of DBRF, a simulation-based prediction model of the circular draw-bead is developed using the Box-Behnken design with selected shape parameters such as the bead height, the shoulder radius and the sheet thickness. The value of DBRF obtained from each design case by analysis is approximated by a second order regression equation. This equation can be utilized to the calculation of the restraining force and the determination of the draw-bead shape as a prediction model. For the evaluation of the prediction model, the optimum design of DBRF in sheet metal forming is carried out using response surface methodology. The suitable type of the draw-bead is suggested based on the optimum values of DBRF. The prediction model of the circular draw-bead proposes the design method of the draw-bead shape. The present procedure provides a guideline in the tool design stage for sheet metal forming to reduce the cost of the product development.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

This study identified characteristics of Christmas window display, which is one of visual marketing methods used in department stores, using cases of department stores in Seoul and the New York and to compare the characteristics between Seoul and New York department stores in order to extract the directions and components of window display in each country. Based on the photographs of Christmas window display at the sampled Seoul and New York department stores, we analyzed the window display of each department store. From the results of analysis were drawn conclusions as follows. First, as to the direction of Christmas window display design in Seoul and New York department stores, window display was designed using various themes according to the characteristic of each department store. In case of Seoul department stores, however, specific luxury brands linked to the characteristics of the department stores displayed their products separately, but in New York department stores, various Christmas themes, images related to the department stores, and products were displayed together according to the characteristic of the department stores. Second, among display components, the formative structure and the frequency of mannequin use were different between Seoul and New York department stores. Various formative structures and diverse mannequins used in the window display of New York department stores played the role of stamping the brand image of each department store and exhibiting various designs through window display.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2011

주름구조를 가지는 박판구조물은 비행기, 자동차, 전자제품 등의 다양한 용도의 열교환기로 사용된다. 이러한 주름구조를 가지는 박판구조물의 경우 대량생산을 위하여 박판소성가공 공정으로 제작하게 되는데 꺾임 각을 가지는 주름구조를 형성하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 정확한 주름구조를 형성하기 위하여 일정한 압력을 박판의 전면에 효과적으로 미칠 수 있도록 새로운 고무성형공정을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 공정을 검증하기 위하여 우선 유한요소해석을 통해 고무성형공정 변수를 최적화하였다. 그리고 최적화한 고무성형공정을 이용하여 꺾임구조와 미세주름 구조를 가지는 박판을 제작함으로써 본 연구에서 제안한 공정이 목표로 하는 박판의 성형에 효과적인 공정임을 검증하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2020

In this paper, experimental and numerical study on a combined sheet metal forming and plate forging of a seal part of a passenger car's hub bearing is conducted to develop the new process of which target is to remove machining process by plate forging and to achieve near-net shape manufacturing. The previous process of a sheet metal forming inevitably needed a machining process for making stepped sheet after conventional sheet metal forming in a progressive way. The stepped sheet is intended to be formed by plate forging in this study. Through the systematic way of developing the combined forming process using solid elements based-elastoplastic finite element method (FEM), several conceptual designs are made and an optimized process design in terms of geometric dimensioning and tolerance of straightness of the thin part is found, which is exposed to bending in metal forming of axisymmetric part. The predicted straightness measured by the slope angle of the tilted thin region is compared with the experimental straightness, showing that they are in a good agreement with each other. Through this study, a systematic approach to optimal process design, based on elastoplastic FEM with solid elements, is established, which will contribute to innovating the conventional small-scaled sheet metal forming processes which can be dealt with by solid elements.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of coating thickness($20{\mu}m$ and $30{\mu}m$) on microstructure and tensile properties in Yb:YAG disk laser welds of Al-Si-coated boron steel (1.2mmt) was investigated. In the case of as welds, the quantity of ferrite was found to be higher in base metal than that in HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) and fusion zone, indicating, fracture occurrs in base metal, and the fracture position is unrelated to the coating thickness. Furthermore, yield strength, tensile strength of base metal and welded specimens showed similar behavior whereas elongation was decreased. On the other hand, base metal and HAZ showed existence of martensite after heat treatment, the fusion zone indicated the presence of full ferrite or austenite and ferrite during heat treatment ($900^{\circ}C$, 5min), After water cooling, austenite was transformed to martensite, and the quantity of ferrite in fusion zone was higher as compared with in base metal, resulting in sharply decrease of yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, which leads to fracture occured at fusion zone. In particular, results showed that because the concentration of Al was higher in 30um coating layer specimen than that of 20um coating specimen, after heat treatment, producing a higher quantity of ferrite was higher after heat treatment in the fusion zone; howevers, it leads to a lower tensile property.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권1B호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2009

실시간 위치 측정 시스템은 사람 또는 사물의 위치를 측정하고 추적하는 시스템이다. TDOA 기반의 실시간 위치 측정 시스템은 태그로부터 전달된 신호의 도착시간 차이를 이용하여 위치를 측정한다. TDOA 기반의 실시간 위치 측정 시스템에서 리더들 간의 도착시간 차이를 계산하기 위해서는 리더 간 시각 동기화가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.4 네트워크에서의 실시간 위치 측정 시스템을 위한 정밀 시각 동기 시스템을 제안한다. IEEE 802.15.4 네트워크에서 정밀한 시각 동기를 이루기 위해서 본 논문에서는 네트워크 프로토콜 스택의 지연과 지터 등의 에러요인을 분석한다. 분석된 에러 요인들에 기반하여 하드웨어 시각 측정 장치를 개발하고, 칼만 필터를 적용하여 네트워크 프로토콜에서 발생하는 지연과 지터를 최소화하였다. 제안한 기법을 통하여 성능평가 결과, 실시간 위치 측정 시스템에서의 리더들은 상호간에 10나노초 이하의 시각 동기를 이루었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권6C호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 인터넷과 같은 IP망에서 SVC 비디오를 RTP 패킷화하여 전송할 때 RTP 패킷의 헤더에 기록될 타임스탬프 정보를 자동으로 생성할 수 있는 새로운 알고리듬을 제안한다. H.263, MPEG-4, H.264 등의 단일 계층 비디오 압축 방식과는 달리 SVC는 하나의 비트스트림으로 시간적, 공간적, SNR 스케일러빌리티를 동시에 제공하기 위해 다중 계층 부호화에 의해 SVC 비트스트림을 생성하게 된다. 특히, 시간적 스케일러빌리티 제공을 위해 계층적 B-픽처 (hierarchical B-picture) 예측 구조를 채택하는 관계로 화면의 부호화 (또는 전송) 순서와 디스플레이 순서가 서로 일치하지 않는다. 따라서, 각 화면에 대한 RTP 패킷 헤더에 기록될 타임스탬프 값의 증가치가 불규칙적으로 나타나게 된다. SVC 비디오 전송 찬경에서 RTP 타임스탬프 값을 실시간으로 효과적으로 생성해 줄 수 있는 방법이 현재까지 제안된 적이 없다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 SVC 비디오 전송 환경에서 NAL unit 헤더에 기록되는 TID (Temporal ID) 필드를 이용하여 RTP 타임스탬프 값을 자동적으로 생성하는 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2011

The vacuum die casting is a promising candidate of the stamping process for fabrication of fuel cell bipolar plate due to its advantages, such as precision casting, mass production and short production time. This study proposes vacuum die casting process to fabricate bipolar plates in fuel cell. Bipolar plates were fabricated under various injection conditions such as molten metal temperature and injection velocity. Also, according to injection velocity conditions, simulation results of MAGMA soft were compared to the experimental results. In case of melt temperature $650^{\circ}C$, misrun occurred. When the melt temperature was $730^{\circ}C$, mechanical properties were low due to dendrite microstructure. Injection velocity has to set at more than 2.0 m/s to fabricate the sound sample. When melt temperature, injection velocity (Fast shot), and vacuum pressure are $700^{\circ}C$, 2.5 m/s and 30 kPa respectively, sample had good formability and few casting defects. Simulation results are mostly in agreement with experimental results.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.883-890
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze the growth, management and surrounding environment of the big and old trees in Kyoungju-si or the cultural assets alive in our history, and thereby, provide for some data useful to their reasonable protection and use of their surrounding areas. As a result of surveying the growth conditions of the big and old trees, it was found that the height of new grass was 10.5cm on average, the activity scale of the wood was 7.2k$\Omega$, the soil hardness was $16.7kg/cm^2$, the soil acidity was pH 4.8, and the soil moisture was $13.3\%$. Such findings suggest that the soil has been acidified by people's frequent passages, but that the other growth conditions are more or less normal. Hence, it is desirable to secure a sufficient space around the trees or reduce people's stamping pressure with some mechanisms. On the other hand, the visible conditions of the trees were found more or less normal, but many trees remained cut or barked (with some cavities), requiring an optimal treatment or measure. Lastly, as the population has decreased in the suburban traditional villages, the surrounding environment seems to be less vulnerable to people's frequent visits. Nevertheless, in consideration of the fact that there are only a few public space for the villagers, it is deemed necessary to rearrange or maintain some parts of the surrounding environment as public space for villagers or hikers.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.213-223
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• 1978

The purpsoe of this study was to produce domestic stamping materials; sling mass which could be used as unburned refractory for iron melt'ladle. Batch compositions were based on Belgian Ladelite; mineral compositions were composed of 84 wt% of quartz and 16 wt% of clay, and particle sizes were divided into 12 wt% of 1410/297㎛, 18wt% 297/149㎛, 20wt% of 149/74㎛, 11wt% 74/44㎛ and 39wt% 44㎛ under. The effect of variable batch compositions were also investigated such as substitution of pyrophylite or industrial grade alumina for quartz and of zircon for portion of quartz and clay, increase of clay and addition on sericite. Samples were pressed at 100kg/㎠ with 7.4wt% of water or 7.4wt% of 4 wt% PVA solution. Dried and Fired properties of samples such as linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, modulus of rupture, refractoriness and corrosion resistance to blast furnace slag were investigated. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Dried samples are shrinked, but fired at 700-1400℃ expanded. Samples fired at 700-1000℃ and 1200-1400℃ tended to expand with incresing of firing temperature, but fired at 1000-1200℃ tended to shrink with increase of firing temperature. 2. Apparent porosity of samples fired at 700℃ is increased, but fired at 1200-1400℃ decreased with increasing of firing temperature. 3. Modulus of rupture of samples fired at 700℃ is decreased, but fired at above 700℃ increased with increasment of firing temperature. 4. Dried samples with 7.4 wt% of 4 wt% PVA solution better improve modulus of rupture than with 7.4 wt% of water, but the firing strength of the sampels fired at 700-1000℃ is showed reversely. 5. In quartz-clay system, mineral phases of samples fired at above 1200℃ are consisted of α-quartz, α-cristobalite and mullite. Respectively as firing temperature was rising up, intensity of α-cristobalite and mullite is in creased. 6. Quartz-Kibushi clay system, Kimcheun quartz(substitutuion of portion of industrial grade alumina for quartz) Hampyeung clay system and pyrophyllite-clay system are better in corrosion resistance to blast furnace slag than burned pyrophyllite brick. 7. 84 wt% of pyrophyllite-16wt% of clay system is superior in modulus of rupture and corrosion resistance to blast furnace slag to 84 wt% of quartz-16 wt% of clay system.