• Atmosphere
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2010

Carbon isotopic compositions of the YC-2 stalagmite in Yongcheon Cave were analyzed to delineate paleoclimatic variations near Korean peninsula for the past historical period. The YC-2 stalagmite is about 68 mm long and annual growth laminae are distinctively identified. Because the number of growth laminae is at least 242, the stalagmite can be estimated to be at least 241 years old. At about 15 mm from the bottom, one thick brown growth lamina is observed, and this lamina was likely to have been formed when the stalagmite ceased to grow, making the hiatus. High resolution, carbon isotope data indicate past fluctuations of East Asia monsoonal intensity (intimately related to the amount of precipitation). Based on the carbon isotope trend, the stalagmite can be divided into three stages (Stages I, II and III). The highest carbon isotopic compositions of Stage I (${\delta}^{13}C$=-3.3~0.4‰, PDB) indicate that the stalagmite grew during the Little Ice Age when cold and dry climate prevailed with less vegetation. Stage II is characterized by a transitional period from cold and dry to warm and wet climate with a increasing trend of carbon isotopic compositions (${\delta}^{13}C$=-9.6~-0.6‰) and this period indicates the weakening of the Little Ice Age climate. This decreasing trend also suggests that Little Ice Age was terminated near middle 1870's around Korean peninsula. Relatively low carbon isotopic compositions during Stage III (${\delta}^{13}C$=-11.0~-8.0‰) indicates that the climate was changed to warm and wet conditions which are similar to the present.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• no.75
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2006

Yangdan Cave displays as a Vadose Cave rathre than a Phreatic Cave due to its fluvial activated ramnants of the cave beds and walls. Geochemistry experiments of the speleothem (stalactite and stalagmite)were generated in order to find out the cave material characteristics using XRD. The results present that the composition of the cave materials consists of Calcite, Dolomite, Quartz, K, K-Feldspar. Plagioclasc, Illite, and Kaolinite. These materials commonly exhibited less mineral composition than other caves. In terms of calcite compostion of the cave the upper cave materials (d=3.049) contain less than lower cave materials (d=3.055). Finally the calcite compostion of the cave materials between stalactite (d=3.055) and stalagmite (d=3.054) displays simillar values.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 1995

THE K-AR METHOD of age determination is commonly used to date rocks from Pleistocene volcanoes in Japan (e.g. Kaneoka et al. 1980, Itaya et al. 1984, Shimizu et al. 1988, Itaya et al. 1989). However. there are still many problems with K-Ar dating of the young volcanic rocks, as reviewed by Itaya and Nagao (1988).(omitted)

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
• /
• no.5
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 1997

The inside of Woldum cave has a complicated configuration with many dynamic aspects. The number of configurations and natural features of the ground discovered up to now is about 20. When we discuss the value of the potential tourism that the cave has, Woldun cave is a lime cave with resourceful value and tourism value, considering the size of cave and excellency of the spectacular sight. In addition, the large stalagmite's file lining in the inside of the cave is a magnificent spectacle. Therefore the Woldun cave, as a lime cave, is very important for tourism level as well as academic ones.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• no.70
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2006

The Wooro cave speleothem displays comparatively very less developed characteristics due to its unactive fluviation, less soluable carbonate rocks, 3nd disconnected short voids. The Weoro cave consists of stalactite, stalagmite, flowstone, rimstone, and moonmilk, however, it is not exhibite soda straw, cave pearl, pisolites, curtain, drapery, cave flower, anthodite, cave coral, helictite. heligmite, boxwork, pendent and, cemented shield. The main cause of the underdevelopment speleothem of the Wooro cave probably less peneturated waters or less calcite compostion of the carbonate rocks.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• no.66
• /
• pp.95-109
• /
• 2005

About 30 limestone caves have already been developed at the basin of the River Dong. baekyong Cave, Hwaam Cave, and Jeolgol Cave are of great worth, not noly as a matter of study, but as a matter of the tourist resources they develop. Among them Baekyong Cave is the best. I'm going to give a full detailed account of cave deposits and cave phenomena focused on its view to preserve the looks of Baekyong Cave by analyzing the speleothem of Baekyong Cave and cave system scientifically and systematizing them. Baekyong Cave, Natural Monument Ho. 260, is on the verge of being submerged. Peculiar things in Baekyong Cave are 1) pseudo stalgmite 2) anthodites 3) erratic stalagmites 4) cave shield 5) lost river 6) cave flint 7) pit fall but I have also mentioned general and related matters.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.236-259
• /
• 2010

The examination of sediment distribution in Seongryu Cave shows existence of rocks contrasting with Joseon Supergroup contrary to existing knowledge. Contrasting especially with the Taeback Group, Daegi Formation, Hwajeol Formation, and Dongjeom Formation has been observed. Unlike Taeback area where Dumugol Formation and Makgol Formation are observed on top of Dongjeom Formation, the rocks of this area are not clear in its separation between the two, so that it was named Geunnam Formation. Seongryu Cave has been developed in this Ordovician Geunnam Formation of the Joseon Supergroup. The cave, mostly horizontal, runs in the NE-SW direction, and contains three lakes. The main passage and branches are about 330 m and 540 m, respectively, making the total length of the cave about 870 m (show cave area = 270 m). Through underwater examination, about 85 m-long underwater passage was newly discovered. Various speleothem such as soda straw, stalactite, stalagmite, column, flowstone, rimston, cave shield, cave coral, curtain, bacon sheet, cave pearl, cave flower, helictite and calcite raft can be found in the cave. There are sections with constant flow of cavern water, but the majority of cavern water in the cave come from the ceiling. The most important discovery in this study is the presence of various speleothem in the submerged part of cave passages. Traces of corrosion and/or erosion can be observed in the speleothem in the submerge passage.