• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

In this study, a real-scale stairway model was constructed to analyze the evacuation safety of human life due to the change of flooded stair flow. In the experiment, the water depth and flow velocity at each stage of the stairs were measured and the specific force per unit width was calculated. Using the calculated the specific force per unit width, the evacuation safety of each steps of stairs according to the change of the flooded stair flow was presented. Finally, the depth of water measured by the experiment and the evacuation safety graph of "Ishigaki" by the specific force per unit width were combined to analyze the evacuation safety by depth. As a result, it has been found that evacuation of adult man is difficult without help at the flow depth of 0.20 m or more. And it has been found that evacuation of adult women and elderly men are difficult without help at the flow depth of 0.15 m or more. Finally, it has been found that evacuation of elderly women is difficult without help at depth of 0.13 m or more.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2015

Stack effect on high-rise building have negative effect on living environment, energy and life-safety aspect. Thus, it's necessary to find the measure to reduce the stack effect. As a result of field test on a 31-story building, a circulating type stack effect reduction technology was developed, which supplies air in the low stairs and discharges air in the high stairs. To evaluate the performance of this circulating type stack effect reduction technology on building stairs, a 3D numerical analysis was carried out by using Momentum Loss Model for analyzing leakage flow between compartments in a building. Consequently, numerical analysis proved that the stack effect on building stairs was reduced by a circulating type stack effect reduction technology.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.310-313
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• 2011

국내에서 고층건물의 제연시스템으로 급기가압 제연시스템이 일반적으로 사용되고 있는데, 기존의 급기가압 제연시스템의 설계방안과 같이 한개의 급기풍도를 통해 누설량과 보충량이 동시에 공급될 경우에는 부속실과 옥내간에 형성되는 차압이 설계기준에 미달하거나 과압이 될 가능성이 매우 높아져서 급기가압 제연시스템의 설치목적을 달성하지 못할 수 있다. 이에 대한 개선방안으로 본 연구에서는 누설량의 공급과 보충량의 공급을 각기 다른 유로를 통해 수행하는 방안 및 장치구성을 제시함으로서 고층건물에서 화재 발생시 안전한 피난환경을 제공하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-125
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• 2022

This paper deals with the development of a deep-learning-based robot that recognizes various types of stairs and performs a mission to go up to the target floor. The overall motion sequence of the robot is performed based on the ROS robot operating system, and it is possible to detect the shape of the stairs required to implement the motion sequence through rapid object recognition through YOLOv4 and Cuda acceleration calculations. Using the ROS operating system installed in Jetson Nano, a system was built to support communication between Arduino DUE and OpenCM 9.04 with heterogeneous hardware and to control the movement of the robot by aligning the received sensors and data. In addition, the web server for robot control was manufactured as ROS web server, and flow chart and basic ROS communication were designed to enable control through computer and smartphone through message passing.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

This study attempts to examine and to analyze the characteristics of transparent materials and its methods to apply in space. the ability to see through a physical element, whether it is clear glass, sandblasted acrylic, or a delicate fabric, can have a dramatic and sensory effect on the overall perception of a space. The various range of Transparent materials and product in glass, plastic, fabric, and grid now gives us the potential to maximize the flow of light in our enclosed space. This research will explore how transparent, translucent, and semi-opaque elements can be used within the interior with full range of see-through materials. The transparent materials can be divided in two level - as structural elements and as stylish accessories. A glass partition or floor, metal mesh stairs can create divisions or link one space to another while maintaining effective levels of natural light. there is also various level of products from glass chair to basin. With the enthusiasm for using transparent materials, transparent materials will be more decorative and powerful application while still maximize the highest possible flow of light.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.123-127
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• 2018

Recent catastrophic accidents at the underground subway stations in South Korea have proven that the subway evacuation is an important safety concern. Previous studies have used commercial programs for safety assessment or have been focused on development of computing algorithms rather than the basic analysis data which form the foundation of studies. In this study, we designed a new movement recording apparatus which measured and analyzed crowd movements including but not limited to moving velocity, specific flow rate and crowd density. Moreover, We propose new effective analysis method for evacuation studies with this apparatus.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2020

In this study, one-way fluid structure interaction analysis was adapted to verify the durability of the outdoor evacuation stair structure operated in the event of a fire when wind pressure caused by a typhoon was applied. To this end, flow analysis was performed with the flow field around the structure of the evacuation stair in a steady state, and the durability was analyzed through structural analysis such as structural stress, deformation, and fatigue life using these analysis results by fluid data input data for structural analysis. As a result of flow numerical analysis, the air flow was different according to the shape of the evacuation stair structure, and this flow velocity distribution generated by the total pressure on the structure surface. Through the structural analysis results calculated by this total pressure, the safety factor calculated as the maximum stress value was found to be more than the safety factor, and durability was proven by fatigue life and deformation analysis.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2007

An irregular cell-based numerical model was developed to analyze underground space flooding. In this model, the flow characteristics in underground space were computed by link-node system. Also, the model can simulate the underground flood flow related to the influence of stairs and wall-structures. Empirical discharge formula were introduced to analyze weir-type flow for shopping mall, and channel-type flow for subway railroad respectively. The simulated results matched in reasonable range compared with the observed depth. The dual-drainage inundation analysis model and the underground space flood analysis model were integrated using visual basic application of ArcGIS system. The developed model can help the decision support system of flood control authority for redesigning and constructing flood prevention structures and making the potential inundation zone, and establishing flood-mitigation measures.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2013

To increase the safety of onboard evacuation of guests who is unfamiliar with onboard living conditions, this study measured and compared the onboard walking speeds of 81 participants on a passenger ship, I t were found that the walking speeds at corridor on navigation were slower than those at berth by 27.2%, and the speeds of walking on the corner on navigation were slower than those at berth by 23.2%. This means that the ship motion on navigation directly influenced walking speeds. The walking speeds of upward-stairs and downward-stairs were measured to be 0.71m/s and 0.75m/s, respectively. From the crowd counter-flow experiments, because of the narrow space between participants, the walking speeds were decreased as person after person. And it was clear that the group's walking speeds were determined by the walking speeds of leading person(s) of the group. The walking speeds obtained this study were different from those of IMO guideline(MSC/Circ 1033).

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present an evacuation performance analysis model that can derive vulnerable evacuation spaces with considering the movement behavior as per the elderly groups in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital. Methods: The evacuation characteristics of geriatric hospital users were investigated through the review of precedent studies. First, the occupant conditions and the evacuation scenario were set to analyze a study target hospital. Then, the evacuation simulation was carried out considering the group types and the density of each group. Finally, an evacuation performance analysis model according to the group type was presented based on the simulation results. Results: The results of this study are as follows: (1) The evacuation performance according to the group type is to be clarified through the suggested study model. (2) It is necessary to secure a ramp or an emergency elevator to distribute the evacuation personnel at the design stage because congestion occurs due to collisions between evacuees on the stairs and delays the evacuation time. (3) It is necessary to consider the evacuation stairs and openings of sufficient size by analyzing the frequency of congestion occurrence and the escape routes of occupants in advance to identify the space where the evacuation flow overlaps. Implications: It is expected that the study result is to be used as primary data for studies that consider the elderly and clustering evacuation behavior in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital.