• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2021

Background: Proper detection and management of dental plaque are essential for individual oral health. We aimed to evaluate the maturation level of dental plaque using a two-tone disclosing agent and to compare it with the fluorescence of dental plaque on the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) image to obtain primary data for the development of a new dental plaque scoring system. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects who consented to participate after understanding the purpose of the study were screened. The images of the anterior teeth were obtained using the QLF device. Subsequently, dental plaque was stained with a two-tone disclosing solution and a photograph was obtained with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The staining scores were assigned as follows: 0 for no staining, 1 for pink staining, and 2 for blue staining. The marked points on the DSLR images were selected for RGB color analysis. The relationship between dental plaque maturation and the red/green (R/G) ratio was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation. Additionally, different red fluorescence values according to dental plaque accumulation were assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test to identify statistically significant differences between the groups. Results: A comparison of the intensity of red fluorescence according to the maturation of the two-tone stained dental plaque confirmed that R/G ratio was higher in the QLF images with dental plaque maturation (p<0.001). Correlation analysis between the stained dental plaque and the red fluorescence intensity in the QLF image confirmed an excellent positive correlation (p<0.001). Conclusion: A new plaque scoring system can be developed based on the results of the present study. In addition, these study results may also help in dental plaque management in the clinical setting.

• 고문화
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• 66호
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• pp.87-112
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• 2005

Stain removal on ivory has been, for a long time, considered an undesirable treatment in conservation field because ivory is hygroscopic and anisotropic, having different physical properties in different directions. Cyclododecane, which sublimes at room temperature, has been investigated for its use in conservation field since 1995, as a reversible temporary consolidant, sealing agent or coating, water repellent, and barrier layer. This research aims to remove stains on ivory, temporarily protecting the none-stained area or painted area from methanol, acetone or the aqueous cleaning system using cyclododecane as a hydrophobic sealing agent. This research also aims to obtain information regarding whether cyclododecane can be safely and effectively used on archaeological wet ivory. Melted cyclododecane and saturated solutions of cyclododecane in mineral spirits, and hexanes were applied to ivory samples. Application methods, working properties of cyclododecane on ivory, and effect of cyclododecane coating on moisture content of wet ivory were evaluated. The sealing layer formed by molten cyclododecane or by saturated cyclododecane solution in hexane or saturated cyclododecane solution in mineral spirits did not form a secure contact with the surface of the highly polished ivory. The sealing formed with two different layers, in which saturated cyclododecane solution in hexane was applied initially and then molten cyclododecane was applied over the first layer, was found to securely protect the painted area. When the wet samples were kept in 100% RH environments for a month, active mold growths were observed except in the samples sealed with molten cyclododecane. In conclusion, cyclododecane was an efficient hydrophobic sealing agent to protect painting area while cleaning stains on ivory. It also prevented mold growing on wet ivory and wet bone. Evenness of cyclododecane film on ivory will be determined in UV light. Analytical techniques will include visual observation, polarized light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Gas Chromatography.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권17호
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• pp.48-64
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• 1996

We compared the degree of color difference formed by environmental factor(temperature, relative humidity) with fungal growth in order to know how to change the color difference of cellulolutic cultural properties such as Korean papers, cotton, jute and hemp. We concluded, from the result, that the action of fungal growth on celluloytic cultural properties was more hamful than environmental factor. We considered the secretion produced by fungi as the causative agent for stained formation on cellulolytic cultural properties. Alternaria sp. colored allmaterials greyish black, Chaetomium sp. colored cotton and hemp orange, and Penicllium sp. colored cotton, jute and hemp yellowish green. But Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus sp. didn't show a clear color against each material. It was observed that thymol(120g/$m^3$) was the most effective fungicide to prevent fungal growth.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.360-362
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• 2006

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an agent of emerging infectious disease, and a recognized cause of diarrhea in some patients. Also, the flagellated protozoan, Giardia intestinalis, induces a diarrheal illness of the small intestine. Cases of cyclosporiasis are frequently missed, primarily due to the fact that the parasite can be quite difficult to detect in human fecal samples, despite an increasing amount of data regarding this parasite. On the other hand, G. intestinalis can be readily recognized via the microscopic visualization of its trophozoite or cyst forms in stained preparations or unstained wet mounts. In this report, we describe an uncommon case of co-infection with G. intestinalis and C. cayetanensis in an immunocompetent patient with prolonged diarrhea, living in a non-tropical region of Turkey.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.171-173
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• 1998

A case of peritonitis caused by Actinomycotic spp is reported in a 12-year-old male Siberian tiger. Grossly, the mesentery was markedly thickened and contained numerous 1 to 3 mm diameter, white to yellowish foci. Fibrous adhesion showing tumorous thickening was also noted between the mesentery and abdominal organs. Histologicallyi the thickened mesentery and masses consisted of necrotic center with bacterial colonies surrounded by eosinophilic club (Splendore-hoeppli), neutrophils, macrophages, a few Iymphocytes and fibrosis. The bacterial colonies stained positvely with Gram's stain but were negative on acid-fast and periodic acid-Schifr method. Howeverr since the bacterial culture was not availablei the definitive causative agent was not able to specified.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of paper property changes by internal addition of surface strength agent on printability. Advances in printing technique has required the development of paper qualities in many aspects. Basically paper structure is composed of hydrogen bonds which induce many problems in high speed printing machine because of weak bonding strength. One of the important printing problems is surface picking when mechanical pulp or recycled pulp are used. It was caused by the ink-stained blanket in printing process because accumulations of pollutant in white water and other elements which are bonded weakly or do not have hydrogen bonds. Debris at paper surface adheres to blanket which deteriorates printing efficiency and causes various problems. To complement these problems, Pennocel 5137 of polysaccharide structure was used as an agent to improve paper's surface property, strength and printability. Paper surface picking was analyzed by RI-1 test. As the dosage amount increased tensile strength, fiber bonding strength and ZDT strength were improved. Further more formation, smoothness and surface picking resistance were improved. It was confirmed that when adding polysaccharide structure polymers to improve surface strength such as surface picking resistance, it was also possible to improve tensile strength, fiber bonding strength, formation and smoothness.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the hair growth effects of lavender oil (LO) in female C57BL/6 mice. The experimental animals were divided into a normal group (N: saline), a vehicle control group (VC: jojoba oil), a positive control group (PC: 3% minoxidil), experimental group 1 (E1: 3% LO), and experimental group 2 (E2: 5% LO). Test compound solutions were topically applied to the backs of the mice ($100{\mu}L$ per application), once per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. The changes in hair follicle number, dermal thickness, and hair follicle depth were observed in skin tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the number of mast cells was measured in the dermal and hypodermal layers stained with toluidine blue. PC, E1, and E2 groups showed a significantly increased number of hair follicles, deepened hair follicle depth, and thickened dermal layer, along with a significantly decreased number of mast cells compared to the N group. These results indicated that LO has a marked hair growth-promoting effect, as observed morphologically and histologically. There was no significant difference in the weight of the thymus among the groups. However, both absolute and relative weights of the spleen were significantly higher in the PC group than in the N, VC, E1, or E2 group at week 4. Thus, LO could be practically applied as a hair growth-promoting agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2012

Endochondral bone formation is the process by which mesenchymal cells condense to become chondrocytes, which ultimately form new bone. The process of chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy is critical for bone formation and as such is regulated by many factors. In this study, we aimed to indentify novel factors that regulate chondrogenesis. We investigated the possible role of isopsoralen in induction of chondrogenic differentiation in clonal mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Isopsoralen treatment stimulated the accumulation of cartilage nodules in a dose-dependent manner. Further, ATDC5 cells treated with isopsoralen were stained more intensely with Alcian blue than control cells, suggesting that isopsoralen increases the synthesis of matrix proteoglycans. Similarly, isopsoralen markedly induced the activation of alkaline phosphatase activity compared with control cells. Isopsoralen enhanced the expressions of chondrogenic marker genes such as collagen II, collagen X, OCN, Smad4 and Sox9 in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, isopsoralen induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase, but not that of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Isopsoralen significantly enhanced the protein expression of BMP-2 in a time-dependent manner. PD98059 and SB 203580, inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAPK, respectively, decreased the number of stained cells treated with isopsoralen. Taken together, these results suggest that isopsoralen mediates a chondromodulating effect by BMP-2 or MAPK signaling pathways, and is therefore a possible therapeutic agent for bone growth disorders.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1988

$\beta$-Glucan 분해효소의 간편하며 예민한 활성도 측정방법으로 $\beta$-glucan에 색소와 cross linking agent를 접합시키는 변형기질 제조시 영향을 미치는 조건을 조사하고 맥아와 세균의 $\beta$-glucan분해효소 측정에 적응시켜 활성도를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.0g $\beta$-glucan은 0.1N NaOH용액에서 색소 cibacron blue 3 G-A 1.5g과 cross linking agent인 1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether 1.25 $m\ell$을 90분간 끓여서 색소 접합기질로 제조하였을 때 $\beta$-glucanase 활성도 측정에 최적조건이었다. 변형기질은 pH5.3 에서 안정성을 보였으며 Bacillus subtilis K-4-3에서 추출한 효소액에 변형기질을 반응시켰을 때 간편하고 정확한 효소활성 측정이 가능하였다. 또한 색소방법을 DNS방법과 비교한 결과 색소방법이 $\beta$-glucan 분해효소 측정에 적당한 방법이었음이 입증되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1984

The toxic effect of adhesive resins on the dog's pulp tissue was studied with 70 teeth from 5 dogs. The experimental materials were Clearfil, a mixture of Clearfil with calcium hydroxide powder, Panavia-EX, and a mixture of Panavia-EX with calcium hydroxide powder. As a control group, calcium hydroxide powder was used. Each material was placed on the pulpotomized tissue surface. After 3 days, 1, 2,4, and 6 weeks, the teeth and apical tissue were processed routinly and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Pathological tissue changes due to the toxicity of adhesive resins were observed by light microscope, and the pH of Panavia-EX and the Bonding agent of Clearfil were measured. Following were the results; 1. In the group of calcium hydroxide powder, slight inflammatory change was observed in the pulpotomized surface and adjacent pulp tissue on 3 day. 1 week case showed incomplete dentin bridge. The remaining pulp tissue was normalized according to the days elapsed. 2. In the group of Clearfil, early inflammatory change revealed in the superificial portion of the remaining pulp tissue on 3 day. The inflammation spreaded over the total pulp tissue and partial necrosis was observed in 1 week and 2 week cases. Total necrosis of pulp tissue and moderate inflammatory change at the apical tissue was noticed in 4 week and 6 week cases. 3. In the group of Panavia-EX, moderate inflammatory change appeared in the superficial pulp tissue on 3 day, and severe inflammatory change over all pulp tissue found in 1 week case. Pulp necrosis was obvious in 2 week case. 4 week and 6 week cases were totally necrotized up to the periapical tissue. 4. In the groups of mixtures with calcium hydroxide powder, the pulp tissue destruction was retarded, compared with the groups of Clearfil and Panavia-EX. 5. Panavia-EX was more destructive than Clearfil. 6. The acidity of freshly mixed Bonding agent of Cleafil was pH 4.0, and that of Panavia-EX was pH 2.0.